高中英语基本构词法及练习题.docx

高中英语基本构词法及练习题.docx

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高中英语基本构词法及练习题

英语构词法中的派生法

派生法：

在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。

（1）表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：

dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-。

disabledisadvantagedisagreedisappear

disapprovedisclosediscolourdisconnect

discontinuousdiscontinuediscountdiscourage

disorder

illegalimpossibleinaccurateinactiveinadaptableinapplicableinconstantinconvenientincredibleincurableindependentineffectiveinformalinvisibleirregularirremovableirrespectiveirresponsible

misfortunemisguidemidinterpretmisleadmisreadmistrustmisunderstandmisuse

nonmetalnoncooperationnoninvolvement

unableunacceptableunawareunbalance

unbreakableuncertainunchangeable

uncomfortableundecidedunemployed

undeterminedundevelopedunearthuneconomical

unfoldunpackuntie

（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：

a.前缀anti

anti-fascistanti-gasanti-imperialist

anti-JapaneseWar

b.前缀auto

autobiographyautography

c.前缀bi-

bicenturybilingual

d.前缀co

co-operationcoauthorcoheir

e.前缀de

deformdegradedevalue

f.前缀en-em

enableencourageendanger

enlargeenrichembitter

g.前缀ex

ex-soldierex-girlfriendex-wife

h.前缀mid-

middaymidnightmidtermmid-aged

i.前缀multi-

multiformmultilingualmultimediamultipurpose

j.21.前缀over-

overcrowdedoverworkoverloadoverproduce

overlookovercome

k.22.前缀pre-

prewarprehistoricprepayprecondition

l.前缀re-

rewritereviewrecycle

m.前缀vice-

vice-chairmanvice-governorvice-premiervice-president

二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有：

a、后缀-age，构成抽象名词

marriagepercentageshortagestorage

b.后缀al-构成抽象名词

arrivalrefusalapprovalsurvival

proposalremoval

c.后缀–an，-ian“人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。

Italianlibrarianmagicianvegetarian

musicianpoliticiantechnician

d.后缀-ance，-ence，构成名词.

appearanceallowanceexistencepresence

performanceignoranceinfluenceintelligence

evidencediligenceguidance

preferencesignificance

e.后缀-dom构成名词

kingdomfreedom

f、后缀-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词

beginnercompetitorconductordirectoremployee

engineerexamineeinterviewee

tailorvolunteer

g.后缀-ess构成表“雌性”的名词

actressgoddesshostesswaitress

h、后缀-ful构成表“容量单位”名词

abasketfulofahandfulofmouthfulspoonful

i.后缀-ics构成学科名词：

gymnasticsphysicspoliticsmathematics

j、后缀-ism，构成名词

Buddhismextremismimperialismterrorism

patriotismsocialismtourism

k、后缀-ist构成名词。

bioiogistchemisteconomistspecialist

extremistgeologistphysicist

l.后缀-ment构成抽象名词

advertisementagreementamusementappointmentargument

arrangementdevelopmentembarrassmentequipment

establishmentimprovementjudgmentrequirementtreatment

m.后缀-ness构成抽象名词：

coolnesscorrectnessdampness

m.后缀-sion构成抽象名词：

aggressioncomparisonconclusionexpressioninvasion

permissiontension

n.后缀-th构成抽象名词

birthdepthlengthstrengthwarmth

widthyouth

0.后缀-tion构成动作名词或抽象名词

applicationcelebrationclassificationcreation

congratulationconsiderationconsolidationdescription

p.后缀–ure，构成抽象名词

failuremixture

q.以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词

abilitycuriosityelectricityequality

identitymajorityprosperitysociety

（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有：

a.后缀-en，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。

名词后的-en构成形容词

brightendeepenflattenfrightenloosen

sharpenstrengthenwiden

woodenwoolen

b.后缀–ize，构成及物动词

apologizeanalysecategorize

organizerealize

（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有：

a.后缀-able

acceptableadjustableadmirableavoidable

unbelievablecomparableendurableincredible

reasonablerecycleablerespectable

valuablevisible

b、后缀–al构成形容词

environmentalgrammaticalnaturaloccasional

originaloperationalpersonalpolitical

practicalprofessionaltraditionaluniversal

c、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词

distantimportantpatientconvenient

permanenturgentviolent

servant

d、后缀-ed构成形容词：

astonisheddelightedexperiencedlearned

skilledunited

e.后缀-ful，构成形容词

carefuldoubtfuldreadfulregretfulresourceful

forgetfulfrightfulhopefulrespectfultearful

f.后缀–ic，构成形容词

basiceconomicenthusiasticelectricenergetic

heroichistoricsystematic

g.后缀–ing构成名词或形容词

amusingastonishingflaminggreeting

misunderstandingpromisingsatisfyingsufferingtraining

h.后缀-ish构成形容词：

feverishfoolishSwedishSpanish

i.后缀–ive，构成形容词

aggressiveattractiveinstructive

persuasivepredictive

j.后缀–less，构成否定形容词

carelesshopelesshelpless

k、后缀-ly构成的形容

costlydailyfriendlylivelylonelylovely

l.后缀–ous或-ious构成形容词：

adventurousambitiousconscious

envioushumorousindustrious

mountainousreligiousvarious

m.后缀-y构成的形容词或名词

bloodybraverydifficultyhonestyicyloyalty

（4）构成副词的常用后缀有：

a.后缀-ly或–ingly构成的副词

accuratelyconstantlyeffectively

frequentlygenerallyindirectly

三、经典例题

2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.

A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death

three-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.

A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged

theteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.

A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely

everyone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfiedB.satisfactory

C.satisfyingD.satisfaction

10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permitB.permission

C.permittingD.permittence

四、专项训练

1.Youmustcomewithustothepoliceheadiswaitingforyou.

A.headquartersB.headline

C.headmasterD.headache

thatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.

A.intendB.intention

C.intentionally　D.intentional

3.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.

A.practiceB.practise

C.practicalD.practiced

4.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar

A.latelyB.latest

C.laterD.latter

5.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.

A.longerB.length

C.longD.longing

my________，Ipassedtheexameasily.

A.joyB.joyful

C.joylessD.joyness

7.Canadaismainlyan________country.

A.English-speakingB.speak-English

C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken

8.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.

A.valuableB.value

C.valuelessD.unvaluable

letter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.

A.soundB.silent

C.silenceD.sounded

10.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.

A.reasonableB.reasonful

C.reasonlessD.unreason

11.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.

A.advanceB.advancing

C.advantageD.advanced

’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.

A.healthB.healthy

C.healthilyD.healthier

speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.

A.Honestly　B.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest

五、课堂总结

1、否定前缀、其他前缀

2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。

六、课后作业

一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。

1.Iwrotehimalettertoshowmy___（appreciate）ofhisthoughtfulness.

2.Thefirsttombwasbuiltatthe___（begin）ofthe15thcentury.

3.Paintingisa___（create）process.

4.Forourhomeworktonight,wehavetowritea___（describe）ofthestreetwherewelive.

5.The___（discover）ofgoldontheirlandmadethepeoplerapidlyrich.

6.I’djustliketo___（emphasis）howimportantitisforpeopletolearnforeignlanguage.

7.Mygrandfatherisas___（energy）asayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingatall.

8.Thefirstlessonwasvery___（enjoy）---Ilikeitalot!

9.Thesediscoveriesprovedthe___（exist）ofahumanspecieswholivedintheareabetween700,000andyearsago.

10.Asmileistheuniversal___（face）expression---itisintendedtoputpeopleatease.

11.Thosewhochangemobilephonesfrequentlywillpayaheavypriceforbeing___（fashion）.14.Theaccusedmanprovedhis___（innocent）ofthecrime.

12.Thegovernment’snewschemeisdesignedtohelpthe___（job）.

13.Theoldmanhadnochildsohesufferedalotfrom___（lonely）.

14.Howluckyhewas!

Hewonthelotteryandnowheisa___（million）.

15.Theyhadthe___（fortune）tobehitbyaviolentstorm.

16.21.Helivesina___（mountain）district,wheretrafficisextremelyinconvenient.17.IamsofullthatIcouldn’tearanother___（mouth）.

18.Wemustpayspecialattentiontothe___（mystery）stranger.

19.Trytoact___（nature）,evenifyouaretense.

20.Aftertherace,Ifeltmyheartbeating___（violence）