高中英语基本构词法及练习题.docx

1、高中英语基本构词法及练习题英语构词法中的派生法派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount

2、 discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse

3、 nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeableuncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀 antianti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialistanti-Japanese War b.前

4、缀 autoautobiography autography c.前缀 bi- bicentury bilingual d.前缀 coco-operation coauthor coheir e.前缀dedeform degrade devalue f.前缀 en- emenable encourage endanger enlarge enrich embitter g. 前缀 ex ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wifeh.前缀 mid- midday midnight midterm mid-aged i. 前缀 multi-multiform multilin

5、gual multimedia multipurpose j. 21. 前缀 over- overcrowded overwork overload overproduce overlook overcome k. 22.前缀 pre-prewar prehistoric prepay precondition l.前缀 re- rewrite review recycle m.前缀 vice-vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president 二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与

6、原来词义相反的新词。 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有： a、后缀 -age，构成抽象名词marriage percentage shortage storage b.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词arrival refusal approval survival proposal removal c.后缀 an ， -ian “人” 从事职业者”，构成名词。Italian librarian magician vegetarianmusician politician technician d.后缀 -ance，-ence，构成名词.appearance allowance existence p

7、resence performance ignorance influence intelligence evidence diligence guidance preference significance e.后缀 -dom 构成名词kingdom freedom f、后缀 -ee， -eer， -er，-or，构成表人的名词 beginner competitor conductor director employee engineer examinee interviewee tailor volunteer g.后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词actress goddess ho

8、stess waitress h、后缀 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词a basketful of a handful of mouthful spoonful i.后缀 -ics 构成学科名词：gymnastics physics politics mathematics j、后缀 -ism ，构成名词Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorism patriotism socialism tourism k、后缀-ist 构成名词。bioiogist chemist economist specialist extremist geologist phy

9、sicist l. 后缀 -ment 构成抽象名词advertisement agreement amusement appointment argument arrangement development embarrassment equipment establishment improvement judgment requirement treatmentm.后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词：coolness correctness dampness m. 后缀 -sion 构成抽象名词：aggression comparison conclusion expression invas

10、ion permission tension n. 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词birth depth length strength warmth width youth 0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词application celebration classification creation congratulation consideration consolidation description p.后缀 ure，构成抽象名词failure mixture q. 以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词ability curiosity electricity equality

11、 identity majority prosperity society (2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有：a. 后缀 -en ，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。名词后的-en 构成形容词brighten deepen flatten frighten loosen sharpen strengthen widen wooden woolen b.后缀 ize，构成及物动词apologize analyse categorize organize realize (3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有： a.后缀 -able acceptable adjustable admirable avoid

12、able unbelievable comparable endurable incredible reasonable recycleable respectable valuable visible b、后缀 al 构成形容词environmental grammatical natural occasional original operational personal political practical professional traditional universal c、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词distant important patient convenient

13、 permanent urgent violent servant d、后缀 -ed 构成形容词：astonished delighted experienced learned skilled united e.后缀 -ful，构成形容词careful doubtful dreadful regretful resourceful forgetful frightful hopeful respectful tearful f. 后缀 ic， 构成形容词basic economic enthusiastic electric energetic heroic historic systema

14、tic g. 后缀 ing 构成名词或形容词amusing astonishing flaming greeting misunderstanding promising satisfying suffering training h. 后缀 -ish 构成形容词：feverish foolish Swedish Spanish i. 后缀 ive，构成形容词aggressive attractive instructive persuasive predictive j.后缀 less，构成否定形容词careless hopeless helpless k、后缀 -ly 构成的形容costl

15、y daily friendly lively lonely lovely l. 后缀 ous 或 -ious 构成形容词：adventurous ambitious conscious envious humorous industrious mountainous religious various m.后缀-y 构成的形容词或名词bloody bravery difficulty honesty icy loyalty (4) 构成副词的常用后缀有： a.后缀-ly或ingly 构成的副词accurately constantly effectively frequently gener

16、ally indirectly 三、经典例题2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. legging B. legged C. legs D. leged the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_

17、about at his classmates.A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfied B. satisfactoryC. satisfying D. satisfaction10. No one should enter the spot without the_of the police.A. permit B. permissionC. permitting D. permittence四、专项训练1. You must co

18、me with us to the police head is waiting for you.A. headquarters B. headlineC. headmaster D. headache that animal escape was no accident；you did it _.A. intend B. intentionC. intentionally D. intentional3. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A. practice B. practiseC. practical D. pra

19、cticed4. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War A. lately B. latestC. later D. latter5. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _.A. longer B. lengthC. long D. longing my _，I passed the exam easily.A. joy B. joyfulC. joyless D. joyness7. Canada is mainly an_country.A.

20、English-speaking B. speak-EnglishC. spoken-English D. English-spoken8. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. Its of great _.A. valuable B. valueC. valueless D. unvaluable letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_.A. sound B. silentC. silence D. sounded10. What you said sounded_ but in fact it was u

21、ntrue.A. reasonable B. reasonfulC. reasonless D. unreason11. We have to learn _technology from other countries.A. advance B. advancingC. advantage D. advancedd better give up smoking if you want to keep _.A. health B. healthyC. healthily D. healthier speaking，I didnt do it on purpose.A. Honestly B.

22、Honest C. Honesty D. Dishonest五、课堂总结1、否定前缀、其他前缀2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。六、课后作业一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。1. I wrote him a letter to show my_(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness.2. The first tomb was built at the_(begin) of the 15th century. 3. Painting is a _(create) process. 4. For our homework tonight, we have t

23、o write a _(describe) of the street where we live. 5. The _ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6. Id just like to _ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language.7. My grandfather is as_(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing a

24、t all. 8. The first lesson was very_(enjoy)-I like it a lot! 9. These discoveries proved the_(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago. 10. A smile is the universal_(face) expression-it is intended to put people at ease. 11. Those who change mobile phones frequent

25、ly will pay a heavy price for being_(fashion). 14. The accused man proved his_(innocent) of the crime. 12. The governments new scheme is designed to help the_(job). 13. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from_(lonely). 14. How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a _(million).15

26、. They had the _(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 16. 21. He lives in a _(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 17. I am so full that I couldnt ear another _(mouth). 18. We must pay special attention to the_(mystery) stranger. 19. Try to act_(nature), even if you are tense. 20. After the race, I felt my heart beating_(violence)