石化英语词汇表.docx

石化英语词汇表.docx

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石化英语词汇表

A

Accumulation:

Quantityofhydrocarbons（oilandnaturalgas）foundinthereservoirrockinanoilorgasfield.

Albian:

Theoldestterrainfromthesecondary（alsocalled"Cretaceous"）era.

Alkylation:

Achemicalreactionthatconsistsinfixinganalkylradical（formula:

CnH2n+1）ontoamolecule.Thistechniqueisusedinrefiningtoproducehighoctanegasolinescomprising8atomsfromgassymoleculescontaining4atoms.

Aminoacids:

Fundamentalconstituentsofproteins,withbothanacidandabasalfunction.

Appraisalwell:

Awelldrilledinordertoevaluatethecharacteristicsofafield.

Assistedrecovery:

Setoftechniquesforincreasingtheproductivityofafield.

Associatedgas:

Gasespresentinthereservoirrock.

Atom:

Particleofachemicalelementformingthesmallestunitcapableofcombiningwithanother.

B

Bacteria:

Single-cellmicroorganism.Bacteriaareneithervegetablenoranimal,formingadistinctkingdomontheirown.

Ballasttank:

Atankintendedtobefilledwithseawatertokeepfloatingequipmentstable

Barrel:

Abbr.bar.,bbl,bbl.,bl.Unitofvolumeofcrudeoil（approximately159liters）inuseintheoilindustry,especiallyintheUSAandtheUK.Datesbacktothedaysofsailingships,whenoilwasshippedincasks.

Bit:

Toolusedindrillingtobreakuprockmechanicallyinordertopenetratethesubsoilgradually.Thebitwilldigacircularhole.

Blowoutpreventer（BOP）:

Awelldrilledinordertoevaluatethecharacteristicsofafield.

C

Carbon:

Verycommonelement（C）presentinalllivingbeings.

Casing:

Setofsteeltubularelementsusedtolinetheinnerwallofadrillhole,toconsolidateit.Thecasingissecuredbycementingtheannularspacebetweentheholewallandthecasing.Eachtimeatubingisinstalled,thewelldiameterisreduced,sothatthetubinginawellformsatelescopicassembly.Thetubeshaveastandardlengthofninemeters,andareassembledbythreadedsleeves.

Catalysts:

Chemicalcompoundsthatfacilitateorpromoteareactionbytheirpresenceoraction.

Catalyticcracking:

Thisconversionoperationtakesplaceatveryhightemperatures（500°Celsius）inthepresenceofacatalyst.Itservestobreakuplargehydrocarbonmoleculesintosmallerones.

Cell:

Fundamentalunitoflivingbeings,generallyconsistingofamembranewhichsurroundsthecytoplasmcontainingthenucleus.

Cementing:

Injectionofcementintotheannulus（space）betweenthecasingandthewellwalltoconsolidatethelatterandreducedwaterinfluxes.

Centrifugal:

Tendingtomoveawayfromthecenter.Theoppositeis"centripetal",meaning"center-seeking".

Christmastree:

Oilindustrytermfor"wellhead".

Completion（well）:

Alloperations（tubing,installationofvalves,wellhead,etc.）tobringaproductionwellintooperation.

Concession（oilorgas）:

Deedentitlingholdertoproducefromand/orexploreastipulatedtractoflandfollowingdiscoveryofacommercialreservoir.

Conversion:

Thisstageintherefiningprocessconsistsin"breakingup"thelargemoleculesintosmalleronesinordertoproducelightercompounds.Processesinvolvedincludecatalyticcrackingandviscosityreduction（visbreaking）.

Core:

Seecore-sampling.

Core-sampling（orcoring）:

Duringdrilling,cylindricalsamplesofrockknownas"coresamples"areremovedinordertostudythecharacteristicsoftheterrain.

Crudeoil:

Unrefinedoil.

Crust（earth's）:

Surfacelayeroftheearth（downtoadepthofNmeters）

D

Deck（ofaplatform）:

Horizontalsurfaceplacedonajacket,supportingthefacilitiesnecessaryforproducingoil.

Delta:

Alluvialdepositsatarivermouth.

Density:

Ratioofthemassofagivenvolumeofasubstancetothemassofanequivalentvolumeofwater.

Derrick:

Metaltowererectedverticallyaboveawellforthepurposeofliftingandloweringtubesandtoolsintothewell.

Derrick-man:

Memberofthedrillingcrewwhoworksatthetopofthederrick.

Desalting:

Removalofsaltfromcrudeoil.Desaltingispreferablyperformedpriortocommercializationofthecrude,andmustbeperformedpriortorefining.

Development:

Alloperationsandmeasuresundertakentobringareservoirintoproduction.

Diamond-tipped（tools）:

Drill-bitorothertoolwhosecutting-edgehasbeenhardenedwithmanmadediamonds.

Directionaldrilling:

Themostcommondrillingdirectionisvertical,buttheremaybevariousreasonsfordrillingobliquely.

Discharge（ofoil）:

Actionofroutingoilfromthewellstothedischargeflanges.

Discoverywell:

Awellinwhichanoilfieldisdiscoveredduringexploration.

Distillation:

Thisconsistsinconvertingaliquidintovapor,thencondensingtheresultingvaporbacktointoliquidinordertoseparateliquidsfromnonvolatilesolids.Separationtakesplaceaccordingtotheboilingrangeofeachoftheliquid'sconstituents.

Drillingforeman:

Anexperiencedworkerwhooperatesthewellderrickandoverseesthedrillingcrew.

Drillingsuperintendent:

Responsiblefortheproperexecutionofwell-drillingoperations.

Drill:

Makingaholebymeansofwhatevermechanism.

Drillstring:

Setofdrillingtools,comprisingpipesconnectedtoeachother,thebit,andthedifferenttools.Indrilling,thedrillstringisrotatedbytherotarytable.

Drillingmud:

Mixtureofwaterandspecialadditivescirculatingwithinthewellforthepurposeof:

∙coolingthedrill-bit

∙removingrockcuttingsandtransportingthembackuptothesurface

∙preventingthewellwallfromcavingin

∙maintainingsufficientpressureatthewellbottomtoavoidhydrocarbonblowout

Dynamicpositioning:

Setofmeansforautomaticallykeepingashipconstantlyatadeterminedposition,withneitherchainsnorcables,butusingitsownpropulsionsystemonly.

Dynamically-positionedship:

Adrillingshipequippedwithseveralcomputer-activatedpropellerstokeeptheshiponstation.

E

Echosounder:

Deviceusedtocalculatethedistanceofanobstaclebasedonthetimeasoundwavetakestotraveltotheobstacleandback.

Effluent:

Mixtureofoil,gas,waterandsanddischargedfromawell.

Electron:

Anelementaryparticlecarryinganegativeelectriccharge.Anelectron'smassisnegligiblecomparedwiththatofprotonsandneutrons.

Enhancedrecovery:

Recoverytechniquesdesignedtoextractmorehydrocarbonsfromareservoirbyphysical,chemicalorthermalmeans.

Equipping（awell）:

Installinginstrumentationtomonitoreventsinaproducingwell.

Exploration:

Anymethodusedtodiscovernewoilandgasfields.

Explorationwell:

Welldrilledtofindanoilfield.

F

Field:

Setofporousrockscontaininghydrocarbons.

Field:

Termusedtodesignateareservoiranditsattendantoilorgasproduction,treatmentandremovalinstallations.

Field（magnetic）:

Zonesinwhichamagneticeffectisobservable.

Flarebleeder:

Deviceforevacuatingandburningunusedgases.

Flowbean:

Calibratedorificeusedtomeasureeffluentflow.

Floor-manorslip-puller:

Memberofthedrillingcrewwhoworksonthederrickfloor.

G

Gascap:

Upperportionofreservoirrockofagas-containingfield.Thegasextractedduringoilproductionissometimesinjectedintothegascapinordertoboosthydrocarbonrecovery.

Gear:

Toothedwheel.

Genesis:

NameofthefirstbookoftheOldTestamentand,byextension,thewayinwhichsomething（e.g.oil）isformed.

Geologist:

Scientistwhostudiesthestructureandevolutionoftheearth'scrust.

Geophone:

Acousticalsensorforcollectingreflectedwaves,inseismicexploration.

Geophysicist:

Scientistwhostudiesthephysicalpropertiesoftheearth.

Gravimetry:

Measureoftheintensityofgravity,usedbygeophysicists.

Gravity:

Forceattractingbodiestowardthecenteroftheearth.

H

Helium:

Elementarygas（chemicalsymbolHe）consistingoftwoelectronsrevolvingaboutanucleuscomprisingtwoprotonsandtwoneutrons.

Horizontaldrilling:

Extremeformofdirectionaldrilling,inwhichtheholeisdrilledalongahorizontalstratum.

Hydrocarbon:

Chemicalcompoundformedonlyofcarbonandhydrogen.

Hydrogen:

Simplesubstance（H）,generallyfoundinthegaseousstate.Itisthelightestofallgases.Combinedwithoxygen,itmakeswater;andwithcarbons,itmakeshydrocarbons.

Hydrophone:

Acousticalsensorusedforcollectingreflectedwavesinseismicexplorationatsea.

I

Injectionwell:

Wellusedtoinjectwaterorgas,inordertomaintainafieldatpressureorbringitbackunderpressure.

Isochrone（curve）:

Alineonamaporchartconnectingpointsatwhichaneventoccurssimultaneouslyorwhichrepresentthesametimeortimedifference.

Izomerisation:

Thechemicalprocessbywhichacompoundistransformedintoanyofitsisomericforms,i.e.amoleculewhoseelementarycompositionisidentical,butwithadifferentatomicstructureorconfiguration.Twocompoundsaresaidtobeidenticaliftheyhavethesamecrudeformulabuthavedifferentdevelopedformulae.

J

Jacket:

Steelstructureplacedontheseabedwithadecksupportingdrillingand/orproductionfacilities.

Jetfuel:

Afuelusedinaircraft.Jetfuelisobtainedbydistillationandsweetening.Thelatterremovesalltraceofmercaptans（verylightmoleculescontainingsulfuratoms）.Jetfuelisawhiteproduct,so-calledbecauseitistransparent.

K

Kick-off（deflected）well:

Wellwhoseorientationandinclinationaredeterminedtoreachanareanotdirectlybelowthewell.

L

Lake:

Naturalinlandstretchoffreshorsometimessaltwater.

Lagoon:

Stretchofseawaterbetweenthemainlandandthecoast.

Loadingflange:

Installationsrequiredtoexportcrudeoiltoarefinery.

M

Magnetic（seefields）:

Areainwhichmagneticphenomenaoccur.

Magnetometry:

Magneticfieldmeasurementsbygeologists.

Manifold:

Setofpipesandvalvesdirectingtheeffluentorproductionintofaciliti