smart原则smart原则.docx
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smart原则smart原则
smart原则(smart原则)
Smartprinciple
Editsummary
TheSMARTprinciple,[1],isoneoftheobjectivesmanagementconcepts.Itisagoodwaytomakethemanager'sworkpassiveandactive.Goalmanagementisawayofmakingandachievinggoalsthroughtheparticipationofmanagers.Theimplementationoftargetmanagementisnotonlyconducivetoemployeesmoreclearandefficientoperation,istosetgoalsandassessmentcriteriaforfutureperformanceevaluation,maketheevaluationmorescientificandstandardized,butalsotoensurethattheevaluationofopen,fairandequitable.
Abriefintroductiontothisparagraph
SMARTprinciplesandobjectivesmanagement(MBO),proposedbyPeterDrucker,amanagementguru,firstappearedinhisbookThePracticeofManagement(),whichwaspublishedin1954.AccordingtoDrucker,managersmustavoid"ActivityTrap".Theycan'tjustpulltheirheadsdown,insteadoflookinguptheroad,andeventuallyforgettheirmaingoals.AnimportantconceptofMBOisthatenterprisestrategicplanningcannotbecarriedoutbyonlyafewexecutives,andallmanagersshouldbeinvolved,whichismoreconducivetotheimplementationofthestrategy.Anotherrelatedconceptisthattheenterpriseshoulddesignacompleteperformancesystemthatwillhelptheenterprisetoachieveefficientoperation.Asaresult,targetmanagementcanbeseenastheprecursorofValueBasedManagement(valuemanagement).
PeterDrucker,amanagementguru,(3)makingaseeminglysimplething,everyonehasagoalsettingexperience,butiftherisetothetechnicallevel,themanagermustlearnandmastertheprinciplesofSMART.[2]
SMARTprinciples(S=Specific(clarity),M=Measurable(measurable),A=Attainable(reachability),R=Relevant(correlation),T=Time-based)(timebound).
Atthesametime,theprincipleofSMARTandanothervariantoftheSMARTER,thefirstfiveletterswiththesameprinciple,thelattertwoletters"E"and"R"respectivelycorrespondtothewordEvaluate(assessment)andReevaluate(assessment).
Editthisparagraph
Theso-calledSMARTprinciple,thatis:
S:
(Specific)shouldbeclearandclear,sothatboththeexaminerandthepersonwhohavebeenevaluatedcanunderstandthetargetaccurately;
M:
(Measurable)objectivesshouldbequantified,andthesamestandardscanbeusedtomeasurethemaccurately;
SMARTprinciple
A:
(Attainable)goalscanbeachievedthroughefforts,thatis,thetargetcannotbetoolowandtoohigh,low,meaningless,high,andcannotbeachieved;
R:
(Relevant)goalsandworkrelated,nottheworkoftheassessment,donotsetgoals;
T:
(Time,bound)goalsmustbelimitedsometimes,tobecompletedwithintheprescribedtime,assoonasthetimecomes,itdependsontheresults.
Specialnote:
Somealsoexplainthisprinciple
S(Specific),whichrepresentsthespecificperformanceappraisaltothespecificworkindex,notvague;
Mstandsformeasurable(Measurable),whichmeansthatperformanceindicatorsarequantitativeorbehavioral,andthatdataorinformationthatvalidatestheseperformanceindicatorsisavailable;
AstandsforAttainable,whichmeansperformanceindicatorscanbeachievedwitheffortandavoidsettingtoohighortoolowagoal;
Rstandsforreality(Realistic),whichmeansthatperformanceindicatorsaretangible,provenandobserved;
Tstandsfortimelimits(Timebound)andpaysattentiontospecificdeadlinesforperformanceindicators.
Goalspecific(specific)
Motivated(motivating)
Isachievable
Fruitful(rewarding)
Tactical
Fiveprinciples,editthisparagraph
SMARTprincipleI
SSpecific-clarity
Theso-calledclearistousespecificlanguagetoclearlyexplainthestandardofbehaviortobeachieved.Cleargoalsarealmostconsistentacrossallsuccessfulteams.Oneoftheimportantreasonswhymanyteamsfailisbecausethegoalsareambiguous,ornogoalsareeffectivelycommunicatedtothemembersconcerned.
Example:
goal-toenhancecustomerawareness".Thiskindofdescriptionofthetargetisveryvague,becausetherearemanyconcretewaystoenhancecustomerawareness,suchasreducingcustomercomplaints,thecustomercomplaintrateis3%,andnowreduceitto1.5%or1%.Speedupservice,theuseofstandardizedandpolitelanguage,theuseofstandardizedserviceprocesses,butalsoanaspectofcustomerawareness.
Withsomanywaystoincreasecustomerawareness,whatdowemeanby"enhancingcustomerawareness"?
Withoutclarity,thereisnowaytojudgeormeasure.Itissuggestedthatsuchachangebemade,forexample,
Weputthecashier'sspeedupgradetothenormalstandardbytheendofthemonth,thisstandardmaybethenormaltwominutes,mayalsobeaminute,ortodeterminethestandardtime.
Implementationrequirements:
projectobjectivesshouldbesetuptomeasurethestandardsandmeasurestoreachthedeadline,andresourcerequirements,theassessmentofpeoplecanclearlyseethedepartmentsorsectionstoplanwhattodothosethings,completionoftheprojecttowhatextent.
SMARTprinciples,SMARTprinciples,two
MMeasurable-weighing
Measurementmeansthatthegoalshouldbeclear,notvague.Thereshouldbeasetofspecificdatathatservesasabasisfordeterminingwhetherornottoachievethegoal.
Ifthegoalisnotmeasured,itisimpossibletodeterminewhetherthegoalisachievedornot.Forexample,onedayaskedtheleadershipfromachievingthetargetof"howfarisit?
"Theteammemberreplied,"weachieveditearly."".Thisisadisagreementbetweenleadersandsubordinatesaboutteamgoals.Thereasonisthathedoesnotgivehimaquantitativeanalysisofmeasurabledata.Butnotallgoalscanbemeasured,andsometimesthereareexceptions,suchasthegeneraldirectionofthetargetisdifficulttomeasure.
Forexample,"arrangefurthermanagementtrainingforallolderemployees."".Further,aconceptthatisneitherclearnoreasytomeasure.Whatexactlydoesitmean?
Isitpossibletocallforfurthertraining,nomatterwhospeaksorwhatisgoodorbad?
Improved:
exactlywhattimetocompletealltheoldstafftrainingonatopic,andintheendofthecourse,studentsscoreabove85points,85pointsbelowthattheeffectisnotideal,higherthan85pointsistheexpectedresults.Sothegoalbecomesmeasurable.
Implementationrequirements:
targetmetricsfollow"energybasedquantification"and"quantifiablequality"".Thedeveloperandtheassessorhaveauniform,standard,clearandmeasurablescaletoeliminatethevagueandimmeasurabledescriptionoftheuseofadjectivesinthetargetsetting.
SMARTprinciplethree
AAttainable-Implementation
Thegoalistobeabletoexecutethepeopletoaccept,ifthebossisusingsomeadministrativemeans,userightsoftheinfluenceofwishfulthinkingtheirowngoalsortosubordinates,subordinatestypicallyreflectistoresistapsychologicalandbehavior:
Icanaccept,butnotaccomplishthisgoal,thereisnofinalgraspthisisnottosay.Onceoneday,thisgoalisreallycannotbecompleted,thereareonehundredreasonsforsubordinatescanshirkresponsibility:
yousee,Ihavelongsaid,thisgoaliscertainlynotcompleted,butyouinsistonpressuretome.
"Controltype"leadersliketosettheirowngoalsandthengivethemsubordinatestocomplete,theydonotcareabouttheopinionsandreactionsofsubordinates,thisapproachisincreasinglylackofmarket.Thestaff'sknowledgelevel,educationalbackground,theirownquality,andthepersonalitytheyadvocatearefaraheadofthepast.Therefore,leadersshouldabsorbmoresubordinatestoparticipateinthegoalmakingprocess,eventhewholeteamgoal.
Ifyouaimforgrowth,don'ttrytomakeitdifficult.Otherwise,ifyourenthusiasmisnotlit,you'llbescared.
Implementationrequirements:
goalsettingshouldadheretoemployeeparticipation,communicationbetweentheupperandlowerlevels,sothattheproposedgoalofworkbetweenorganizationsandindividualstoreachanagreement.Notonlyshouldthecontentofworkbefull,butalsohaveaccessibility.Thegoalofjumpingupandpickingpeachescanbeworkedout,andthegoalofjumpingupandpickingstarscannotbeworkedout.
SMARTprinciplefour
RRelevant-practicality
Thepracticalityofthetargetreferstowhetheritisfeasibleoroperableunderrealisticconditions.Theremaybetwokindsofsituations,aleaderoptimisticestimateofthecurrentsituation,underestimatetheneedtoreachthetargetcondition,theseconditionsincludehumanresources,hardwareconditions,technicalconditions,systemconditions,environmentalfactorssuchasinformationteam,thatissuedahigherthantheactualcapacityindex.Inaddition,itmaytakealotoftime,resources,orevenhumancost,andthefinalgoalisofnopracticalsignificanceatall.
Example:
arestaurantmanager'sgoalistoincreasesalesduringthebreakfastseasonby15%onthebasisoflastmonth'sbreakfastsales.Asyouknow,thismaybeaconceptofseveralthousanddollars.Ifyouchangeitintoprofit,itisaratherlownumber.Buthowmuchwillitcosttoaccomplishthisgoal?
Thisinvestmentishigherthantheprofit.
Thisisnotaverypracticalobjective,becauseitspendsalotofmoneyandhasnotyettakenbackthecapitalitinvested,itisnotagoodgoal.
Sometimespracticalityrequiresteamleadershiptomeasure.Becausesometimesleaderssaythattheyinvestsomuchmoneyinordertobeattheircompetitors,sotheydon'tgetthathigh,
Butdefeatingcompetitorsisthemaintarget.Thegoalinsuchasituationispractical.
Implementationrequirements:
cooperatetogetmembersofthedepartmenttarget,itmustallowthememberstoparticipateintheworkgoalinordertomakepersonalgoalsandorganizationalgoalstorea