高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练 22 阅读理解.docx

高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练 22 阅读理解.docx

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高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练22阅读理解

专题二　阅读理解

——决定成败

科普常识类

（2013·浙江，B）Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred，whyareveins（静脉）blue?

Actually，veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear，yellowishcolour.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody，whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin，it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth，thesebloodfilledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin，makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder，yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise，andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But，inthelongrun，yourbrainprobablytipsit，becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart，andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout，andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrownups?

Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong；theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger，strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged，decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin，you'redone.Whenthey'regone，they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife，andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But，whentheydo，itisn'tbecausethey'reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）．Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof34cminheightastheyage，whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold，wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere，like60cmtall，likealittleboyagain？

No，becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink！

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs，armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter，it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or，moreoften，becomemorebentandcurved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravityandmotionsensingorgansinyourinnerear，whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But，whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol，andyourbrainthinksyou'removingwhileyou'renot!

Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea—frommicetodogs，cats，andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear，painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother，newerbitsofthebrain，wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.

Ifexercisewearsyouout，howcanitbegoodforyou?

Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned，it's“useit，orloseit”！

It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy；it'smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

1．Whatisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

A．Blue.B．Lightyellow.

C．Red.D．Darkreddishpurple.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一个标题下的“...it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.”可知答案。

答案　D

2．Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

A．Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

B．Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C．Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

D．Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四个标题下的“Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

答案　D

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

A．Inthelongrun，ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning，wewillfeeldizzy.

C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，inthelongrun，yourbrain...”可知答案为A项。

此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于“你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

答案　A

4．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A．Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B．Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C．Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D．Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

解析　写作意图题。

考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。

文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。

故选择B项较全面。

答案　B

社会现象类

（2013·湖北，D）AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.

Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.

Surveyrespondents（受访者）wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.

Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults（age18to39）routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddleagedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio（比率）ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.

“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR．Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangenNuremberg.

Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.

“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施），”theauthorswrote.

Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.

Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.

However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic，”theauthorsconcluded.

5．Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?

A．Optimisticadults.B．Middleagedadults.

C．Adultsinpoorhealth.D．Adultsoflowerincome.

解析　细节理解题。

由文章第四段第一句话“Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults（age18to39）routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddleagedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。

故选B项。

答案　B

6．Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople________.

A．tofullyenjoytheirpresentlife

B．toestimatetheircontributionaccurately

C．totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks

D．tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth

解析　细节理解题。

由第六、七段中的关键信息“...peoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractions...”及“...contributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施）．..”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。

答案　C

7．Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?

A．Theywillearnlessmoney.

B．Theywillbecomepessimistic.

C．Theywillsuffermentalillness.

D．Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.

解析　细节理解题。

由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。

答案　A

8．Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?

A．Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.

B．Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.

C．Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.

D．Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.

解析　推理判断题。

由最后一段的最后一句话“‘Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic，’theauthorsconcluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。

答案　D

人文地理类

（2013·重庆，D）NotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean，anSshapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles.TheAtlantichas，inasense，replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas，whichseemstrangelystill，theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets.

“StormatSea”，ashortpoemwrittenaround700，isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind'searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic.

Whenthewindisfromthewest

Allthewavesthatcannotrest

Totheeastmustthunderon

Wherethebrighttreeofthesun

Isrootedintheocean'sbreast.

Asthepoemsuggests，theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull.Itisanoceanthatmoves，impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering，boiling，crashing，andwhistling.

ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath－perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmidocean，butwhereitmeetsland，itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach.Itmimics（模仿）nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature.Itisfilledwithsymbiotic