高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练 22 阅读理解.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习考点真题研练 22 阅读理解专题二阅读理解决定成败科普常识类(2013浙江，B)Below is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the

2、surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.Which works harder，your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercis

3、ing.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as

4、much blood to feed it.Why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth

5、 has grown in，youre done.When theyre gone，theyre gone.This is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.

6、They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years ol

7、d，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people dont really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become

8、more bent and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.The brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and

9、balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and h

10、umans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do

11、 to them.And as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！Its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ABlue. BLight yellow.CRed. DDark red

12、dish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案D2Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?ABecause their spine is in active use.BBecause they are more easily affected by gravity.CBecause they keep growing backwards.DBecause their spine becomes more b

13、ent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案D3Which of the following statements about our brain is true?AIn the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.BWhen our

14、brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.CThe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.DOur feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错

15、觉引起的。答案A4What is the main purpose of the selection?ATo give advice on how to stay healthy.BTo provide information about our body.CTo challenge new findings in medical research.DTo report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。答案B社会现象

16、类(2013湖北，D)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfar

17、e surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18

18、 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfi

19、ed than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of de

20、ath within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may enco

21、urage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the r

22、esearchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We fou

23、nd that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.5According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged

24、 adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测

25、他们的未来。故选B项。答案B6Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their fu

26、ture may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。答案C7How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less

27、time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。答案A8What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees ch

28、ances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction f

29、rom optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案D人文地理类(2013重庆，D)Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an Sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inl

30、and sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of man

31、kinds earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot rest To the east must thunder on Where the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oceans breast.As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressiv

32、ely and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic