SAT官方指南OG 解析3整理版.docx

SAT官方指南OG 解析3整理版.docx

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SAT官方指南OG解析3整理版

BookTest#3:

SampleEssay-Scoreof6

Associetytoilsonwardintoitsdreamsofthefuture,theprogressthataccompaniesthismovementmaybetaintedbyindividualmotivesofavarice.However,asseeninvariousfieldssuchasart,history,andscience,thehumanconsciencewilllimitthemotivationofgreedandinspiregoodworksforthesakeofmorality.One’ssenseofrightandwrongforeverimpelsonetobeadecent,thoughtfulperson.

Suchpeoplewidelypopulatetheidealisticfieldofliterature.Thoughnovelsmayberifewithvillainous,self-servingcharacters,onlytheheroicandmoralpersonasemergetriumphant.Forexample,thewell-knownliterarycharacterHuckleberryFinn,fromTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,rescindshisclaimtoasizablefortuneifpossessingsuchwealthwoulddiminishhissafety.Furthermore,HuckwillriskhimselftoensurethesecurityofhisclosecomradeJim.Hisloyalty,afacetofone’sconscience,compelshimtosacrificehissafetytoensurethewell-beingofothers,whichismorethanmoneyhasaccomplishedinmotivatingHuck.Thus,aperson,howeverfictional,considerstherewardsofactingonconsciencetobemorefruitfulthantobepossessedbygreed.

Althoughsuchcharactersarefictional,thesamemotivesofcharityandmoralityhaveinspirednumerouspeopleinhistorytosetasidetheirdesires.LyndonB.Johnson,FormerPresidentoftheUnitedStates,pushedtheCivilRightsActof1964throughCongressmotivatedbyconscienceandadesiretocorrecttheimmoralityofracisminsociety.ThoughsomeSenatorsstridentlyopposedsuchabill,thepowerofmotivationbyconscienceimpassionedJohnsontostriveevenhardertoremainloyaltotheAmericanpreceptsofequality.Suchisfruitionofconscientiousactions.

Thoughthegreatfiguresofhistoryseemoutofreachintheirstature,asanindividualIamfacedwithmoraldilemmasratheroften.Forexample,Ihavebeenofferedmoreweightypositionsonthenewspaper,butasarule,IhavealwaysrefusedwhentherewassomeonebetterqualifiedthanI.Consequently,theirtalentsresultinamoreimprovedissue,therebyincreasingthebenefitforall.

Thereinliesthereasonwhywearecompelledbyconscience.Money,fameandpowerarefleetingandinsubstantial,fortheycannevermendtheintegritysacrificedtoobtainthem.Itisonlywhenweactinthenameofwhatisrightthatallofourpossibletalentsmaybenefitourselves,ourpeers,andourideals.

Section3

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswer D:

Choice（D）iscorrect."Toxic"meanspoisonousorharmfultohealth.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbetoxic."Theword"however"showsthatthesituationdescribedinthefirstpartofthesentencewillcontrastwiththatdescribedinthesecondpartofthesentence.Thisexpectationisborneoutinthesentencebecauseabeliefthattakinglargedosesofvitaminsisharmlesswasreplacedwithabeliefthatsuchdosesarequiteharmful.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:

Choice（A）isincorrect."Healthy"inthiscontextmeansgoodforthebody.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbehealthy."Sincehealthisaconditionthateveryonedesiresorwantstomaintain,noonewouldthinkofwarningpeoplethatacertainsubstancecanbehealthy.Inaddition,withtheinsertionof"healthy"intothesentence,themeaningofthefirstpartofthesentencedoesnotcontrastwiththatofthesecondpart.Therefore,theexpectationsetupbytheword"however"isnotsatisfied.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer B:

Choice（B）isincorrect."Expensive"meanscostingalot.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeexpensive."Itwouldnottakedoctorstowarnpeoplethatlargedosesofvitaminscanbeexpensive;anyonewhobuysvitaminscouldmakethatjudgmentwellenough.Inaddition,thecontrastsetupbytheword"however"isnotsatisfiedbymentioningthehealthconsequencesofvitaminsinonepartofthesentenceandtheircostintheotherpart,asthecontrastshouldbeinthesamearea:

healthful/unhealthfulorexpensive/cheap.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer C:

Choice（C）isincorrect."Wasteful"meansusingmorethanisnecessary.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbewasteful."Thedoctors'commentinthefirstpartofthesentenceisnotthatmassivedosesofvitaminsareanefficientuseofresources,onlythatthosedoseswouldnotcauseproblems.Sosayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbewastefuldoesnotprovidethetypeofsharpcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"however."

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer E:

Choice（E）isincorrect."Inane"meanssilly.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeinane."Thedoctorsdonotsayinthefirstpartofthesentencethattakingmassivedosesofvitaminsisasmartthingtodo;theyjustsaythatsuchmassivedosesarerelativelyharmless.Therefore,sayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbeinanedoesnotprovidetheclearcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"however."

2

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswer D:

Choice（D）iscorrect.“Scrutinize”meanstoexamineveryclosely.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinescrutinizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Awriterwhocriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofsomethingisbydefinitionscrutinizingit.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:

Choice（A）isincorrect.“Idealize”meanstoshowsomethingasmorenearlyperfectthanistrue.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineidealizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Someonewhoactuallydoescriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietycannotbesaidtobeidealizingsociety.Whensomethingiscriticallyexamined,theexaminationislikelytorevealproblemsofsomesort.Eveniftheexaminationuncoverednoflaws,theresultingpositiveevaluationwouldproperlybecalledrealistic,notidealistic.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer B:

Choice（B）isincorrect.“Avoid”meanstostayawayfrom.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineavoidsheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itisalmostimpossibletocriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietywhiletryingtostayfarawayfromthatsociety.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer C:

Choice（C）isincorrect.“Beautify”meanstomakesomethinglookgood.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinebeautifiesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Whensomeonecriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofasocialsystem,theresultalmostnevermakesthesystemlookworsethanbefore,buteveniftheexaminationrevealednoflaws,atrulycriticalexaminationcannotreasonablybecalledabeautificationbecausetheexaminationdoesnotitselfcausethethingtolookgood.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer E:

Choice（E）isincorrect.“Exclude”inthiscontextmeanstorefusetoconsider.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineexcludesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itissimplynotpossibletorefusetoconsidersomethingwhileatthesametimeexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.

3

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswer C:

Choice（C）iscorrect."Testifyto"inthiscontextmeanstoprovideevidenceof.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergonetestifytothepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."Countriesrarelychangetheirnamesunlesssomeimportantpoliticalforceshavecausedthemtodoso.Thus,namechangesprovidesomeevidencethatacountryhassufferedpoliticalunrest.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:

Choice（A）isincorrect."Argueagainst"meanstoprovidereasonsnottobelievesomepointofview.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergoneargueagainstthepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."Sincecountrieschangetheirnamesonlywhensomepoliticalpressureforcesth