辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载5及答案.docx

辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载5及答案.docx

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辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载5及答案

2014辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载（5）及答案

阅读理解

“BenjaminFranklin,”WalterIsaacsontellsusatthebeginningofhislong（butneverboring）newbiography,“isthefoundingfatherwhowinksatus.”Bythat,Isaacsonexplains,hemeansFranklinisthemosthuman—andmostmodern—ofthemenwhoshapedtheAmericanrepublic.WeadmireWashington,JeffersonandAdams,buttheyremaincreaturesofthe18thcentury.Themanweencounterin“BenjaminFranklin”—funny,pragmaticandselfaware—seemslikeoneofus,oratleastsomeonewe'dliketobe.

UnlikeWashington'scherrytree,Franklin'skitewasreal.Hisexperimentswithelectricitymadehimoneofthegreatscientistsofhisday.Hewasamiddleclassbusinessmanwhosesuccessasaprinterandajournalistallowedhimtoretireat42—andhedevotedtherestofhislifetohiscountry.HewasdiplomatwhopersuadedtheFrenchtobacktheAmericanRevolutionandtheauthorofthefirstgreatAmericanautobiography.Hewasanexcellentswimmer.Therewasalmostnothinghecouldn'tdowell,exceptwritepoetry.ButwhattrulydistinguishedFranklinwashistalentofbeinggreatandhumanatthesametime.Heownedslavesasayoungerman,butinhislastyearsbecameanabolitionist（废奴主义者）.Whenhefatheredanillegitimate（私生的）son,heacknowledgedhisfatherhoodandtooktheresponsibilityofraisingtheboy.

Heseemsstrangetodayinthejoyhetookincompilingandcreatingallthoseself-improvementmaximshepublishedinPoorRichard'sAlmanac（年鉴）—“earlytobed,earlytorise”andsoon.Generationsoflazyboyscouldhavebeenhappierwithoutthat.Buthewasnohypocrite（伪君子）.IsaacsontellsusFranklinpracticedwhathepreached,andoftenlaughedathimselfwhilehedidso.

Byahappyaccident,thisisthesecondexcellentbiographyofFranklintoappearintwoyears,afterEdmundS.Morgan'sinspiring“BenjaminFranklin.”

6.Whattypeofliteraturedoesthispassagebelongto?

A.Researchpaper.　　　　　B.Bookreview.

C.Biography.D.Shortstory.

7.Theunderlinedword“maxims”inParagraph3probablymeans________.

A.proverbsB.standards

C.requestsD.orders

8.WiththefactthatFranklinshoulderedtheresponsibilitiesofraisinghisillegitimateson,theauthorwantstoprovethat________.

A.Franklinhadmadeabigfortuneinhisbusinessbeforehegotdevotedtopolities

B.Franklinmightbetheonlyparenttosupportthechildatthattime

C.Franklinwasagreatmanwhoseemshumantous

D.Franklinwasimprovinghischaracterwhenhegotoninages

9.Theunderlinedword“himself”inParagraph3refersto________.

A.Richard'sAlmanacB.Walterisaacson

C.anyoneofthereaders.D.BenjaminFranklin

10.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyfindthisarticle?

A.SocietyandtheArts.B.CurrentAffairs.

C.BusinessReport.D.Advertisement.

【参考答案】6—10、BACDA

C8[2013·浙江卷]

Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisborn,thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobjectinitsenvironment,particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso,however,thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”—therealmotherorthemother－substitute（母亲替代物）.

Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological（心理的）thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlows,acouplewhoarebothpsychologists,discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother－substitutes—onecoveredwithclothandonemadeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.However,ifthewiremodelwasheated,whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother－substitutesastheirfavorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorecomfortableclothmother.

Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?

SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact（接触）comfortseemstobetheanswer,andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,orannoyed,ittypicallyrushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesn't“rub”aswellasdoessoftcloth.Prolonged（长时间的）“contactcomfort”withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceandismuchmorerewardingtothemthaniseitherwarmthormilk.

AccordingtotheHarlows,thebasicqualityofababy'sloveforitsmotheristrust.Ifthebabyisputintoanunfamiliarplayroomwithoutitsmother,thebabyignoresthetoysnomatterhowinterestingtheymightbe.Itscreamsinterrorandcurlsupintoafurrylittleball.Ifitsclothmotherisnowintroducedintotheplayroom,thebabyrushestoitandholdsontoitfordearlife.Afterafewminutesofcontactcomfort,itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.Itthenclimbsdownfromthemother－substituteandbeginstoexplorethetoys,butoftenrushesbackforadeepembrace（拥抱）asiftomakesurethatitsmotherisstillthereandthatalliswell.Bitbybititsfearsofthenewenvironmentaregoneanditspendsmoreandmoretimeplayingwiththetoysandlessandlesstimeholdingontoits“mother”.

50．Psychologically,whatdoesthebabymonkeydesiremostduringthefirsttwoweeksofitslife?

A.Warmth.B.Milk.

C.Contact.D.Trust.

51．Afterthefirsttwoweeksoftheirlife,babymonkeysprefertheclothmothertothewiremotherbecausetheformeris________.

A.largerinsize

B.closertothem

C.lessfrighteningandlessdisturbing

D.morecomfortabletorubagainst

52．Whatdoesthebabymonkeyprobablygainfromprolonged“contactcomfort”？

A.Attention.B.Softness.

C.Confidence.D.Interest.

53．Itcanbeinferredthatwhenthebabymonkeyfeelssecure,________.

A.itfrequentlyrushesbackforadeepembracewhenexploringthetoys

B.itspendsmoretimescreamingtogetrewards

C.itislessattractedtothetoysthoughtheyareinteresting

D.itcareslessaboutwhetheritsmotherisstillaround

54．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.

A.givethereasonsfortheexperiment

B.presentthefindingsoftheexperiment

C.introducethemethodoftheexperiment

D.describetheprocessoftheexperiment

【要点综述】这是一篇说明文。

作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。

50．A　考查细节理解。

从文章第一段“Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslife…ontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobject…”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。

51．D　考查推理判断。

从第三段“Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire？

…Babymonkeysspentmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skins…”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。

52．C　考查细节理解。

从第三段“Prolonged（长时间的）‘contactcomfort’withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceand…”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。

53．D　考查推理判断。

从最后一段“Ifitsclothmotherisnowintroduced…itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.Itthenclimbsdownfrom…andlessandlesstimeholdingontoits‘mother’．”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。

54．B　考查写作意图。

文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。

阅读理解-----B

Makinganapologyisnotthesameasmakingamends.Sometimesweapologizejustbecauseit’stheeasiestthingtodo.What’sactuallyimportantistoidentifywherewegowrong,takefullresponsibilityforourmistakesand,ifpossible,trytomakeupforthem.

ArecentcaseinvolvingHewlett-Packed,theUScomputergiant,showstheimportanceofpresentingasincereapology.TheChineseconsumerswhohadboughtnotebookcomputersofcertainmodels,whichhavebeenputonChinesemarketsince2007,sufferedamassiveflashscreenfailuresandoverheatingproblems.Throughinvestigation,ChineseAQSIQ（国家质检总局）identifiedtheseHPcomputershadqualityproblemsandHPadmittedthis.HPmadeaproposalthattheywouldextendthewarranty（保修）periodofsuchcomputers,butthiscouldnotsatisfiedtheconsumers.Whattheyneededwasathoroughdescriptionofthetruth.HPhas“sincerely”apologized.Buttheconsumersremainangry,andsaythatonlyaproductrecall—asHPhasdoneinthepast—willprovethattheapologyissincere.

AnotherapologythatfellflatonitsfacewasthatofThierryHenry,thefamousFrenchfootballer.HisdeliberatehandballinNovember2009createdthegoalwhichknockedIrelandoutofthe2010WorldCup.Theincidentcausedgreatangerinthefootballworld,andeventuallyHenryissuedanapology.Twodayslater,hewrote,“I’mnotthereferee…butifIhurtsomeoneI’msorry.”Betterlatethannever,perhaps,buteventhenhepassedtheblameontothereferee!

Suchhigh-profilecases,whichattractalotofpublicityoftenunderthespotlight,butsimilarincidentsoccurinoureverydaylives.Stresscausedbyschoolworkandtirednesscansometimesresultinoutburstsofangeragainstfriendsandfamily.Haveyoueverlostyourtemperforminorreasons?

Aftercalmingdown,mostpeoplearequicktorealizetheirmistakeandapologize.Butit’sjustasimportanttoidentifywhatcausedtheerrorinthefirstplaceandtakeactiontoensureitdoesn’thappenagain.

Nooneshouldholdanegativeattitudetomakingasincereapology.Emptywordsareeasytosay,buttheyareasuselessastheysound.Arealshowofremorse（痛悔;自责）demandshardworkandcommitmenttoputerrorright.

6.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthecaseofHP?

A.Atrueapologyneedssincereactions.

B.HPshouldrecall