拓展训练17 自然与生态1解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作.docx
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拓展训练17自然与生态1解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作
2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作17
自然与生态1
1.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Beesareimportanttotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinate(授粉)largeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.
In2010,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive(蜂巢).InOctoberof2010,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.
Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepersgetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.
Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect.
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【答案】Bees,playingasignificantpartinproducingourfood,arenowsufferingasharpdeclineinnumber.(要点1)Andreportsofthelossstartedin2010,forwhichthemostpersuasivetheoryliesinthestressfullifestyleofbeingtransportedtopollinateplantsandfeedingonpollutedcorns.(要点2)Sadly,thelossofsuchtinycreatureswillbedisastroustooureconomy.(要点3)(60words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。
文章主要讲述了蜜蜂了数量减少的原因,及给经济带来的影响。
【详解】
通读全文,可从以下三个方面进行总结:
对植物授粉至关重要的蜜蜂的数量正在减少;蜜蜂数量减少的两个重要原因:
被四处运送进行授粉,以生产跟多的蜂蜜,给蜜蜂造成了压力,另外赖以生存的食物被杀虫剂污染;蜜蜂数量的减少会对经济带来巨大影响。
2.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
.
Wherearethebees?
Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.
In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.
Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.
Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect.
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【答案】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknowreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于环保文章,介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失,这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关,但是没人知道确切原因。
要求考生阅读完总结论点,不能超过60个词。
【详解】
第一步,归纳各个段落的段落大意,第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要,但是却以惊人的速度消失,第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形,第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因;第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。
第二步,可以择出重要的信息,蜜蜂对我们很重要,但是却以惊人的速度消失,可能造成此现象的原因,以及影响。
第三步,得出答案,注意过渡与衔接,字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】
概要写作做题技巧。
概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积,需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构,还需要一定写作替换技巧,且注意语言的简洁性。
第一步,确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意,比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失,第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要,但是却以惊人的速度消失,第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形,第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因;第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响;第二步,分析各个段落的逻辑关系,确定主观点和次要观点;第三步,注意一定的写作技巧,比如同义词、近义词的替换,句型和结构的转换;第四步,检查单词拼写,语法规则,字数问题等。
3.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthosearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth.
Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleeverbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfrom,the“vibrations”(震动)thatcolorgivesoff.
Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproduct.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors‘speak’tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.
Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendecidingwhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavyblueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.
Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfandonothers?
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【答案】Someexpertsclaimthatthecolorschosenbyusaffectourmood,careerandhealth(要点1).Infact,theeffectofcolorisgreaterthanexpectedanditisnowusedinmedicaltreatments(要点2).Also,companiesapplycolorstosalespromotiontoappealtodifferentagegroups(要点3).Ascolorsofclothescanaffectfeelingsandothers’reactionstous,whatwewearmattersinmakingtherightimpression(要点4).(67字)
【解析】
【分析】
文章的主要结构为总-分-总。
主要讲文章主要说明了颜色在很多方面对我们的生活有很大的影响。
几个世纪以来,人们已经认识到色彩的力量,并将其应用于许多领域。
例如,医学专业人员采用它的效果,在不同的场合选择合适的衣服颜色。
。
符合概要写作常规出题思路。
【详解】
第一段讲述专家们认为我们选择的颜色会影响我们的心情、职业前景甚至健康。
可以用到的词汇或句型有:
chosen,affect,mood,careerandhealth等。
第二段讲述色彩对我们的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大,它现在还用于医疗。
可以用到的词汇或句式有:
infact,theeffectofcolor,greater,expected,inmedicaltreatments等。
第三段主要讲公司用颜色来促销他们的产品。
可以用到的词汇或句式有:
apply…to…,salespromotion,appealto等。
第四段和第五段讲了衣服的颜色会影响我们的感受和别人对我们的反应,所以我们穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。
可以用到的词汇或句式有:
affect,feelingsandothers’reactionstous,matters,makingtheimpression等。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Colors,whosepowercanbegreaterthanexpected,arebelievedtoaffectourmood,careerandhealth.颜色的力量比我们想象的要大,它被认为会影响我们的情绪、事业和健康。
运用whose引导的定语从句。
[高分句型2]
Decidingwhattowearmattersinmakingtherightimpressions,consideringcolorsofclothescanaffectpeople’sfeelings.考虑衣服的颜色可以影响人们的感觉,决定穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。
非谓语动词的运用。
4.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Fishingisprobablytheworld’smostpopularsport.Peoplespendmanydollarseachyearonitemslikeboatsandfour-wheel-drivevehicles.Inaddition,theyspendmoneyonfishingequipment,bait,fuelandboatrepairs.Andyoucanseethatfishingcanbeanexpe