英语文学杰作教案.docx

英语文学杰作教案.docx

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英语文学杰作教案

Lecture1

Britishliteraturehasarelativelyshorthistory,comparingtoChineseliterature,whichisabout3,000yearsold,ifwecountitfromShijing（诗经）（BC1100-600）.FromBeowulf,Britishliteraturehasabout700-800yearlonghistory,butthecontentsorcoverageisveryrichorwide.Noonecanstudyitthoroughlyevenifheputsallhislifeonit.SoIwouldliketosayIknowonlyalittleaboutBritishliterature.

ButIdoknowthattherearethreekindsofwritingonliterature:

A.Formingatheorycreatively,expressingone’sviewabouttheoriginofliterature.Thosewritersusethehistoryofliteratureastheirnotesandthefactstosupporttheirtheory.Thecreativityisimportant,butthecoverageisnotwideenough.Wewouldsaythatiscriticismratherthanhistory.TheHistoryofBritishLiteraturewrittenbyFrenchmanTaineisanoutstandingoneofthiskindandsois白话文学史writtenby胡适之.

B.Thesecondtypeistheauthorwouldsayorhinthiscriticismwhiledescribingauthorsandworks.ThefamousCambridgeBritishLiteratureisthiskind.Criticismcanhelpreadersunderstandbutreadersmustknowalotbeforetheycanacceptthecriticism,otherwise,theycouldnotunderstandwhatthecriticismsareabout.Besides,criticismsmaynotbeabsoluteprinciples.Thoughitmaybeveryauthoritative,itshouldbeusedbestasreference.

C.Thethirdkindistextbooks.Theyfocusonfacts,notcriticisms.Readersarethosewholikeliterature.Andourwayisthethird.

Ofcoursetherearesomeotherkindswhicharenotsoimportantsuchas偏重于文学史的政治经济的背景，尤其是根据唯物史观来衡量文学的那一宗派，偶尔中肯，时而牵强，甚至沦为偏颇的宣传，那是不足取的.Wearenotgoingtotalkaboutthemhere.

The15thCentury（1400--1585）

I.TeachingPurpose:

toletstudentsknowmoreaboutthefatherofEnglishliterature-----GeoffreyChaucerandThomasMore

II.Importantanddifficultpoints:

GeneralProloguesandUtopia

III.Teachingmethod:

Twostudentsmakingoralpresentation;Explainingwithdiscussion

IV.Assignments:

twostudentsofeachclasswillbeassignedtomakeanoralpresentation

V.Teachingcontents:

AtthefirsthalfofthiscenturyEnglandwasinwar.TheOneHundredYearsWarendedinthefiftiesbuttheWarofRosesbeganatalmostthesametime.Yorkshire’ssymbolwaswhiteroseandLancastershire’swasred.In1485HenryTudor（DukeofLancaster）beathisopponent,becameHenryVII,marriedtheformerkingEdward’swife.AfterthatEnglandbegantohaveaverypeacefulandprosperouslifeandlaymenalsobegantogeteducation,whichwasprovedbythewords“literallaymen”inreligiousdocuments.AndallthesepavedtheroadfortheRenaissance.

Thisisalsoabarrentimeforliterature.WecanonlyfindsomewriterswhoimitatedChaucerandthosewriterscanbedividedintotwogroups:

theEnglishandtheScottish.

TworeallyimportantwritersareSirThomasMoloryandWilliamCaxton.TheformerwroteLeMorted’Arthurconsistingof21books,whichincludedallthestoriesaboutKingArthur,tellingthebirthanddeathofalmosteverybodyconcerned.OneofthetwoeditionskeptwasprintedbyCaxtonin1485,whichwastheyeartheWarofRosesended.ThelatterwasfamousbecausehesetupthefirstprintinghouseinGreatBritain,whichpromotedthedevelopmentofliteratureverymuch.Hehimselfalsowroteandtranslatedsomething.

DramasandBalladsintheMiddleAge

Preview:

p.p.56-58;71-83

Playsarewatchedandballadsaresungbypeopleandnoneareforpeopletoread.Thustheabove-mentionedliteraryworkswereforthemiddleandupperclass,notforthecommonpeoplebecausetheywereilliterate.IntwohundredyearsafterChaucerwrittenliteraturedidnotdevelopmuchbutdramaandballaddevelopedquitefastbecauseeducationwasfarfromdeveloped.

Theoldestplayiscalledliturgicaldrama（仪式剧）.ItoriginatedfromMass（弥撒）inchurches.Itwasimitationofcertainrituals.Aftersometimemiracleplays（奇迹剧）appearedbecausepeoplegottiredoftheliturgicaldramas.BecausethiskindofplaysometimescanmakepeoplelaughPopeInnocentIII（英诺森三世）orderedthatitshouldbenoplaysinchurchesin1210.Tilltheendofthe13thcenturyplayswereoutofchurchescompletely.Interestinglythismadeplaysdevelopedevenfaster.MiracleplayswereaboutthestoriesintheBible.Stillaftersometimemiracleplayscouldnotsatisfypeople’sneedandanewkindofplayreplacedthemgradually.Thenewkindiscalledmoralityplay（道德剧）.MoralityplayswerenolongerstoriesfromtheBible.TheypersonifiedabstractideasandthenotedoneiscalledTheSummoningofEveryman.

Onekindoflyric（抒情诗）isthepopularballad.Balladsareintheformofballadstanza（民歌体）,whichconsistsoffourlineswiththefirstandthethirdlineshavingfourmeters（音步）andthesecondandthefourthlineshavingthreemetersandalternativerhymes（隔行压韵）abcb.Sometimestherearerefrains（复