Singing Lessons.docx

Singing Lessons.docx

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SingingLessons

SingingLessons歌唱的奥秘

Lesson1第一课

ComprehensiveLesson歌唱概述

Whenteaching,itisbesttofirstteachanoverallcomprehensivelessontoletthestudentsknowthewholepicture,andthenafterwardsgointodetails.Otherwiseifonestartswithdetails,thenthestudentcan’tpickupthemeaningandsignificanceaswell,andlosesinterest,andslowingdownthelearningprocess.教导歌唱前，最好先对歌唱这门学问进行概述，让学员对此有一个整体认识，然后再作详细分解。

否则，若一开始就进入细节，学员可能很难抓住要领，因而失去兴趣，而不能坚持下去。

a）Anyinstrumenthas3parts任何乐器都有3大组成部分:

1）发声主体（vibratingbody,e.g.astringonaguitar）；

2）共鸣体（e.g.thesoundboxonanacousticguitar,oran

amplifier）；

3）动力体（thestrengthusedinplayingtomakeasound）；

b）Insingingthereare5parts歌唱的乐器却有5个部分:

1）发声主体：

声带以及相关联的喉肌（vocalchordsandthroatmuscles）；

2）共鸣体：

口腔、喉腔、咽腔、胸腔、鼻腔和头腔（alltheresonatingcavities）；

3）动力体：

呼吸器官（windandwindorgans）；

4）语言器官：

vocalorgans（tomakewords）；

5）辨音器官：

Discerningorgan,todiscerntheaccuracyofnotes）；

Tosingwellall5mustbeinplace若要有优美的歌唱，以上5个部分都必须发挥正常又正确的功能。

The5partsandtheirmainfunctions歌唱乐器各部分的功用

1）发声器官—thevocalchords,throatmusclesandbone.

Construction:

a）VocalChords

Thevocalchordsaretwopiecesthatareelastic,like2ligaments,orlike2stringsonaninstrument.

Thelevelofthevoice,thequalityofthevoiceincoarsenessorfinenessdependsonthenaturalthicknessofthevocalchords.E.g.thickvocalchordsarelikethebassstringofaninstrument（bassvocalchordsarelongerandthicker）.

So:

length,thickness,andwidthdeterminethesoundofthevoice.

InmakeupthevocalchordsareFLAT,notround（seefig.1）.

Thevocalchordscannotadjustthemselvesinlengthtomakedifferentnotes（likeontheguitaryoupressonthefretswhichaltersthestringlengthtogetdifferentnotes）,thealterationisdonebytheTHROATMUSCLES（喉肌）.ThethroatmusclesarelikethetuningpegsandbridgeofaguitarthatSETthevocalchordsinposition（seefig.2）,infrontisthe甲状肌andbehindisthe环状肌.The 环状肌makestheEDGESofthevocalcordvibrateonly,creatingtheFALSETTOsound（ratherlikejustonestringofaguitarplaying）.The甲状肌makestheWHOLEvocalcordvibratefromthecenter,creatingthe真声（likeall6stringsontheguitarplaying）—butthevoicecannotgohigh.

Thelowerthenote,thelooserthevocalcord,andthehigherthetighter.Ifyouonlyusethe甲状肌thenyouwillgetacroakyvoiceasyougohigherupthescale.Onlyusingthe环状肌willcauseeverythingtobefalsetto.Whenyouhitthechangebetweenrealvoiceandfalsettoitsoundsclumsyandobvious,sobothsetsofmusclesmustbeusedtokeepthesoundevenfromlowertoupperendsofthescale.

2）共鸣体

Therearefiveareasofresonance:

a）Chestcavity（胸腔）（BassNoteslikeBassGuitarinbackground）

b）Lowerthroatcavity（喉腔）（BassNoteslikeBassGuitar）

c）Upperthroatcavity（咽腔）（BassnoteslikeBassguitar）

d）Mouthcavity（口腔）（BothBassandSopranonotes—likeanacousticguitarthatplayscontinuously）

e）Nosecavity（鼻腔）（Sopranonoteslikealeadguitarcominginandout）

f）Headcavity（头腔）（Sopranonoteslikealeadguitarcominginandout）（seefigs.5and6）

The共鸣腔体areseparatedinto2types:

1）固定腔体:

 Chestcavity,nosecavity,headcavities.

2）可调解的腔体:

Lowerthroatcavity,upperthroatcavity,mouthcavity.

Thesecavitiesarelikesixrooms.Theycanbealteredtoaccentuateoneortheotherlikethefrequencycontrolsonamixeroramp.

EachroomhasitsownENTRYPOINT,soifyoulearnhowtoopenupeachone,thenthatparticularroomwillWORKandproduceresonance.Themysteryofresonanceisfoundhere（detailslater）.

Themouthisaspecialcavitywhereyouneedtolearnhowtonotletitleakair.Theothersdontleakair,butthe动力partmakesthemworkbysendingsoundintothem—sothemouthmustbecontrolledtolettheairandsoundbeprojectedintotheothercavitiesandnotwasted.Avoicewithgoodpotentialcansoundbadbecauseofthisproblem.

Theresonancechambershave2mainfunctions:

1）Tomakeasmallsoundbeamplified

2）Mostimportantisthattheycanprocessbadandmessysoundsout,andprojectthevoiceoutwardintoagoodandfullsound.

Forthesereasonswemustlearnhowtousethem,learninghowtoletEACHcavitybefilledwithsound.HenceEVERYentrypointmustbeopened.

Thethroatcavity’sends（exits）aretheentrypointforalltheothers.Soitisakeyandwemustletitoperatewell.Itisratherlikethetubeofatrumpet.Theopeningandcurvingofthesoftpalateisakeytoopeningthenoseandheadcavities.ThepalateislikeaLID,thatifnotopenedwillnotletsoundintothenoseandheadcavities.（seefig.3）

Themouthcavity,oncesoundentersit,iseasytocreateresonance,butitcanalsowastethe动力,asithasabigexitandcanmakethevoicesoundflat.Peoplewronglythinkthattoforcingairoutofthemouthisthewaytogetvolume,butthiswaysoundsFLATandthevoicewearsoutandgoescroakyfast.SPEAKERSalsoneedtousethesameprincipleinusingtheirvoices.SotheairmustbekeptINratherthanleakingoutofthemouth—itneedstobeforcedtocirculateintoalltheothercavities.

3）动力器官

a）呼吸器官

Thepartsinvolvedinbreathingarethenose,mouth,windpipe,lungs,diaphragm,andlowerbellymuscles.

Whataretheirkeyfunctions?

Themainpurposeistoproject动力orbreath,theyarethecarrierofthebreath.Withnobreaththevoicecannotprojecttotheresonancecavities.Thekeyofgoodsingingisgoodresonanceandthekeytogoodresonanceisgoodprojectionthroughbreath.Thebreathisliketheairportconveyorbelt,madetoMOVEthings,andthevoiceisliketheLUGGAGE.Thisisthemainpurposeofbreath—toSENDthevoicetotheresonatingcavitiestocreateagoodsound.SowemuststudytheBESTwaysofusingthebreathtoachievethispurpose.

Structure

a）Lungs.Thelungsaretheaircontainer.SothefirststepistolearnhowtogetthelungsFULLofairtomaximumcapacity.

b）Windpipe.Thisistheentrypointforthechestcavity,soonemustlearnhowtousethewindpipetoactivatethechestcavity.

WemustlearnthebestBREATHINGTECHNIQUEtoachievethese2goals.

Thereare3breathingtechniques:

1）Chestbreathing 胸式呼吸

2）LowerBellyBreathing腹式呼吸

3）Combinedchestandlowerbellybreathing（胸腹呼吸）

1）Chestbreathing

anduntrainedpersonnaturallyuseschestbreathing.Whenbreathingonlythechestmovesinandout.Thismethodcannotexpandthediaphragm,andisreliantonthechesttoprojecttheairwhichmakesthechestconstantlychangeinsize,whichcannotcreateresonance.Itisratherlikeatentthatballoonsoutandthencavesin,notholdingawidesetspace.Thechestcavityisakeyresonatingcavity,soitsspaceCANNOTchangeandvary.

BecausethechestmusclesarebigandbroadtheycannotcompressthelungswelllikeaLOCALIZEDandSMALLpressure—themorelocalizedapressureisthemorepowerfulitis.Asaresulttheairdoesnotallheadoutupthewindpipebutgoesintoallcornersofthelungs,andsowhatcomesoutthemouthisweakened—ratherlikesqueezingatoothpastetubeinthemiddle—thetoothpastegoesinalldirectionsandonlypartgoesoutthemouth.AsaresultthevoiceisweakcostheCARRIER（air,breath）isweak.TodealwiththisneedsDISCIPLINEtosingwell.

Nowthatwecannotusethechestcavitytocompressthelungs,whatdoweuse?

2）LowerBellyBreathing

Thisislikesqueezingthetubeoftoothpastefromtheverybottom.Whenyoubreathe,thelowerbellyexpands,andthenisusedtoEXPELtheair.Thismovementpullsthediaphragmdown.ThiskindofbreathingwastaughtascorrectinthepastasamethodtoimproveontheChestBreathingTechnique,butitisalsowrongandcreatedfailure.Itisclumsyandunnaturalcosthebellyisnotaveryactivepartofourbodies.Also,thegoalshouldbetoOPENthechestcavity,butthepullingdownofthediaphragmactuallycavesinthechestcavityratherlikepullingdowntheslideofanumbrella,andthewholeclothpart（chestcavity）allfoldsup.

3）BellyandChestBreathing

Thisisthecorrectmethod.Itletsthechestexpand,andwhenfull,allowsthechesttoremaininanexpandedposture.

Whenbreathingin,thechestfullyexpandsouttothesidesandexpandsthediaphragmdownandout.Thediaphragmislikeandupsidedownumbrella’sclothpart,andthehandleslidelikethechestcavitypushingitdownandout.

ThehardpartofthisstyleisbreathingOUT.ThechestmustremainOUTisifitwerefullofair,andthemouthmustnotbeabletofellaircomingoutofit.Thekeytothisistousethelowerbellytopushtheairout,andlettheairgointoallthecavitiesandresonateinthere.TheairmustnotbeallowedtoRUSHOUTofthemouth.ITisallcompressedintoonesmallexitviathevocalchordssothatitattainsmaximumpower.ThemindsettohaveistoNOTWANTtobreathOUTbutatthesametimehavingtobynecessityofsurvival,sothetwoactionsareOFFSETagainstoneanother（i.e.youAREbreathingoutbutCONTROLLINGittobeasslowaspossiblewithaslittleairaspossiblecomingout）.Thiswaymorepowercomestothevoice,itislikeyouarebreathingINandOUTatthesametime,creatinganopposingforce（seefig.4）.

c）MouthCavity

Breath+Sound=voicepillar

Themouthcavityisaresonatingcavity,andalsoaswitchthatcanopenupthenoseandheadcavitiesviathesoftpalate.MedicallyspeakingthesoftpalateislikeaPLUGthatstopsbadstufffromthenosefromgoingdownintothestomachandlungs,andcanalsostopbreathfromgoingoutthenose.Butinsingingthethingisanobstructiontohindertheuppercavitiesfr