大学英语六级真题.docx

大学英语六级真题.docx

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大学英语六级真题

2008年12月大学英语六级真题

PartIwriting（30minutes）

　　HowtoImproveStudents’MentalHealth

　　1.大学生的心理健康十分重要

　　2.为此，学校可以……

　　3.我们自己应该……

　　PartIIReadingComprehension（Skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

Supersizesurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’salldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynow

believethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.

　　Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

　　1.Notenoughsleep

　　Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

　　Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.

　　It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo;sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

　　Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

　　2.Climatecontrol

　　Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”，whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

　　Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto70%from37%in1978.

　　Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.

　　3.Lesssmoking

　　Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotine（尼古丁）isanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

　　KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

　　4.Geneticeffects

　　Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

　　5.Alittleolder…

　　Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrumMexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

　　IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.TheproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.Thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

　　6.Maturemums

　　Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.IntheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.MeanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

　　Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincreaseabout14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

　　MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.Thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

　　7.Likemarryinglike

　　Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren--itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.

　　1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth

B）Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity

C）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic    

D）Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic

　　2.IntheUSNurses’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight_________.

　　A）gainedtheleastweight            B）wereinclinedtoeatless

　　C）foundtheirvigorenhanced         D）werelesssusceptibletoillness

　　3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat__________.

A）itmakesussleepy    B）itcausessleeploss  

C）itincreasesourappetite D）itresultsfromlackofsleep

　　4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?

　　A）Itmakesusstayindoorsmore.   B）Itacceleratesourmetabolicrate.

　　C）Itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic.  D）Itcontributestoourweightgain.

　　5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?

　　A）Itthreatenstheirhealth.          B）Itheightenstheirspirits.

　　C）Itsuppressestheirappetite.        D）Itslowsdowntheirmetabolism.

　　6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFlegal’sstudy?

A）Heavysmokers   B）Passivesmokers  

C）Thosewhoneversmoke  D）Thosewhoquitsmoking

　　7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof___.

A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople   

B）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

C）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods       

D）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

　　8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains________.

　　9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseof________.

　　10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis_____.

　　PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

　　11.A）Heisquiteeasytorecognize.      B）Heisanoutstandingspeaker.

　　C）Helookslikeamoviestar.             D）Helooksyoungforhisage.

　　12.A）Consultherdancingteacher     B）Takeamoreinterestingclass

　　  C）Continueherdancingclass      D）Improveherdancingskills

　　13.A）Themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid

　　  B）Themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital

　　  C）Thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury

　　  D）Thewomanmaynothavefollowedthedoctor’sinstructions

　　14.A）Theyarenotinstyleanymore  B）Theyhavecosthimfartoomuch

　　  C）Theynolongersuithiseyesight   D）Theyshouldbecleanedregularly

15.A）Hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor

B）Hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor

C）Hewascaughtinashower