广西科技大学机电工程专业英语1627章复习胡迎春.docx

广西科技大学机电工程专业英语1627章复习胡迎春.docx

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广西科技大学机电工程专业英语1627章复习胡迎春

16、Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

Carburizingconsistsofabsorptionanddiffusionofcartoonsolidferrousalloysbyheatingtosometemperatureabovetheuppertransformationtemperatureofthespecificalloy．Temperaturesusedforcarburizingaregenerallyintherangeof1650°Fofto1900°F（900℃to1040℃）．Heatingisdoneinacarbonaceousenvironment（liquid，solid，orgas）．Thisproduces

acarbongradientextendinginwardfromthesurface，enablingthesurfacelayerstobehardened

toahighdegreeeitherbyquenchingfromthecarburizingtemperatureorbycoolingtoroomtemperaturefollowedbyreaustenitizingandquenching．

Carbonitridingisacasehardeningprocessinwhichaferrousmaterial（mostoftenalow-carbongradeofsteel）isheatedabovethetransformationtemperatureinagaseousatmosphereofsuchcompostitionastocausesimultaneousabsorptionofcarbonandnitrogenat（by）thesurfaceand，bydiffusionaconcentration，gradientiscreated.Theprocessiscompletedbycoolingataratethatproducesthedesiredpropertiesintheworkplace．

17.Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

KinematicsimulationoranimationcanbeanimportantCAD/CAMcapabilityincertainsettings.Throughanimation,userscandesignaproductoraprocessthatinvolvesmovingcomponentsandanalyzeitsbehaviorwithouthavingtobuildprototypesandconductlivetrialruns.

Forexample,mechanicallinkagedesignshavehistoricallybeendifficultbecausetestingtheiractualbehaviorhasrequiredengineerstobuildmodelsorprototypes.Insuchasetting,engineersfrequentlyresorttobuildingcardboardorwoodenmodels,atime-consumingprocess.Withanimation,acomputermodelcanbequicklybuiltanddisplayed.Bywatchingthecomputerscreen,theengineercaneasilyseehowthelinkageperforms.

Otherusefulapplicationsofanimationareinanalyzingtheperformanceofarobotinacellorautomatedguidedvehicles（AGV）ontheshopfloor.BysimulatingtheplannedbehaviorofarobotoranAGV,engineersandmanufacturingpersonnelcanspotandcorrectproblemsbeforeimplementingalivesetting.

18.Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

Compressorsareusedinpetrochemicalplantstoraisethestaticpressureofairandprocessgasestolevelsrequiredtoovercomepipefriction,effectacertainreactionatthepointoffinaldelivery,ortoimpartdesiredthermodynamicpropertiestothemediumcompressed.Thesecompressorscomeinavarietyofsizes,types,andmodels,eachofwhichfulfillsagivenneedandislikelytorepresenttheoptimumconfigurationforagivensetofrequirements.

selectionofcompressortypesmust,therefore,beprecededbyacomparisonbetweenservicerequirementsandcompressorcapabilities.Thisinitialcomparisonwillgenerallyleadtoareviewoftheeconomiesofspace,installingcost,operatingcost,andmaintenancerequirementsofcompetingtypes.Wherethesuperiorityofonecompressortypeormodeloveracompetingofferisnotobvious,amoredetailedanalysismaybejustified.

19.Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

Machinepartsaremanufacturedsotheyareinterchangeable.Inotherwords,eachpartofamachineormechanismismadetoacertainsizeandshapesoitwillfitintoanyothermachineormechanismofthesametype.Tomakethepartinterchangeable,eachindividualpartmustbemadetoasizethatwillfitthematingpartinthecorrectway.Itisnotonlyimpossible,butalsoimpracticaltomakemanypartstoanexactsize.Thisisbecausemachinesarenotperfect,andthetoolsbecomeworn.Aslightvariationfromtheexactsizeisalwaysallowed.Theamountofthisvariationdependsonthekindofpartbeingmanufactured.Forexample,apartmightbemade6in.longwithavariationallowedof0.003（three-thousandths）in,aboveandbelowthissize.Therefore,thepartcouldbe5.997in.to6.003in.andstillbethecorrectsize.Theseareknownasthelimits.Thedifferencebetweenupperandlowerlimitsiscalledthetolerance.Atoleranceisthetotalpermissiblevariationinthesizeofapart.Thebasicsizeisthatsizefromwhichlimitsofsizearederivedbytheapplicationofallowancesandtolerances.Sometimesthelimitisallowedinonlyonedirection.Thisisknownasunilateraltolerance.Unilateraltoleranceisasystemofdimensioningwherethetolerance（thatisvariation）isshowninonlyonedirectionfromthenominalsize.Unilateraltoleranceallowsthechangingoftoleranceonaholeorshaftwithoutseriouslyaffectingthefit.

Whenthetoleranceisinbothdirectionsfromthebasicsize,itisknownasabilateraltolerance（plusandminus）.Bilateraltoleranceisasystemofdimensioningwherethetolerance（thatisvariation）issplitandisshownoneithersideofthenominalsize.Limitdimensioningisasystemofdimensioningwhereonlythemaximumandminimumdimensionsareshown.Thus,thetoleranceisthedifferencebetweenthesetwodimensions.

22.Exercise：

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AmechatronicsproductsuchasmodernSLRcameras,viedorecorders,musicsynthesizers,automobileswithenginemanagementsystemsetc.cannotbedesignedbyasingleperson;itissimplytoocomplex.Norcanitbedesignedbyalargenumberofpersonswithdifferentspecializationsunlessthesepersonsoperateinateammanner.

Itusedtobethecasethataproductcontainingsomemechanicalfunctionality,someelectronicsensingandcontrolwouldbedesignedsequentially.Firstthebasicmechanicalstructurewouldbedesignedandmadebythemechanicalengineers.Itwouldthenbecomethejoboftheelectronicsengineerstofititwiththeappropriatetransducersandactuators.Finallythecontrolengineerswouldbegiventhejoboffindingeffectivecontrollerstructuresandalgorithmstodriveit.Thereareanumberofstrikingexamplesofthedisastrousconsequencesofthisdesignphilosophywhentheproductisofahighdegreeofcomplexity.

Instead,themechatronicsdesignmethodologydemandsteamworkrightfromthestartwiththeteamincludingnotonlythetechnicaldesignexpertsfromthevariouscontributingdisciplines,marketing,financialandotherdepartments

23.4Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

Althoughtherobothasalwaysbeenafantasticsubjectandproducesscenesinsuchmoviesas“StarWar”,andevenmorefantastickindsaredescribedinsciencefictionbooks,wehavefoundthatourmodernrobotsevenseemtosurpasstheseinreality,capacity,anddevelopment.

Humanizedrobotsarepossibleifademandforthemexists.Theonlyreasonwedonothavemoreadvancedrobotsisnotbecausetheycannotbedeveloped,butbecausetherehasnotbeenaneedspecifiedforthem.Asthatneedbecomesobvious,thentheywillappearinlargenumber.

Thefuturedevelopmentofroboticsdependsmostlyontheyoungandyoung-atheartscientistswhoarelessconservative,whohaveactiveandimaginativebrainsandwhohavenotlearnedtothinkintermsof“notpractical”or“notpossible”.Whatrobotscandoaroundthehome,office,factoryandotherplacesremainstobe“seem”intheirbrains.Thesemindswillcreatemorewonderfulinventionsandadaptationsthanwehaveeverdreamedof.Soletitbethatthefutureofroboticsbelongstotheyoungandtheyoung-atheart.

26.4Exercise：

TranslatetheFollowingParagraphs

Interview

Place：

PersonnelManager’sOfficeinacompany

Characters：

（Interviewer）MikeAnderson,PersonnelManagerofacompany

（Applicant）Chenzhuo

I：

Comein,please.Goodmorning,IamMikeAnderson,personnelmanagerofourcompany.

A：

Howdoyoudo?

MynameisChenZhuo.

I：

Sitdownpleaseandmakeyourselfathome.

A：

Thankyouverymuch.

I：

AsIknowyouhaveappliedtoworkinourcompany.Wouldyoupleaseintroduceyourself?

A：

I’m23yearsoldandwasborninHuangshi.IcanspeakandwriteEnglishfluentlyandknowhowtooperatethecomputerandNCmachines.Ihavebeenanassistantengineerforhalfa

yearinafamouscompanyoneyearago.So,IamsurethatIamquiteefficientintechnicalwork,

likeNCprogramming,operation,maintenanceanddebugging.

I：

OK，Iwouldinferthatyouareanexcellentstudentinyourcollege.Couldyoutellme

moredetailsaboutyourmajorandEnglishcourses?

A：

Allright.ThoughIamastudentintheDepartmentofMechanicalandElectrical

Engineering,IstudiedmanyEnglishCoursesincludingEnglishReadingandComprehension,

Oral,English,EnglishWritingandprofessionalEnglish.Mostofthecoursesaretaughtin

English,someareeventaughtbyforeignteachers.

I：

Bytheway,doyouhaveanyexperienceasaleaderattheschool?

A：

Yes,Iwasthemonitorofourclass.Ihaveorganizedmanysocialactivities.

I：

Besidesallthese,whatdoyouliketodoinyoursparetime?

A：

Ihaveagreatinterestintravel,readingandsportssuchasswimming,tennisandsoon.

I：

Iamverygladtohearthat.Travelandsportsarealsomyhobbies.Whydoyouchoose

ourcompany?

A：

YourcompanyisoneofthelargestNCmachinemanufacturersinEastChina.Asyouseeinmyresume,IspecializedinCAD/CAMincollege,soIexpecttodevelopmycapabilitiesinyourcompany.Ontheotherhand,thepositionforwhichIappliedisquitechallenging.That’sthereasonwhyIliketocometoyourcompany.Ihopetodisplaymytalentsfullyhere.

I：

IfIacceptyou,howmuchdoyouexpecttobepaid?

A：

Atleast¥1500amonth.

I：

Thatwillbenoproblem.

A：

OK.WhencanIgetthereplyaboutmyapplication?

I：

Ithinkyouwillknowthefinalresultwithinaweek.It’smypleasuretohaveatalkwithyou.

A：

Metoo.Ittakesyourmuchtime.Goodbye.

I：

Goodbye.

27.4Exercise：

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Ductil-Regime