湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题.docx

湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题.docx

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湖南省长郡中学学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

湖南省长郡中学2020-2021学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

学校:

___________姓名：

___________班级：

___________考号：

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一、阅读选择

AlbertHofmannwasaSwissscientistwhowasfascinatedbynature.Thisledhimtoacareerinchemistryinwhichhesoughtanswerstohisuncertainties.HeworkedatSandozLaboratorieswherehenurturedhisresearchwork,andtherehemadealotofsuccessbyworkingwithvariousplantsandchangingthemintosomethinguseful.Hebecamefamouswhenhebecamethefirstpersontoproducelysergicaciddiethylamide（LSD）（迷幻药）.Inaddition,hewasalsothefirstpersontotasteitandlearnaboutitshallucinogenic（引起幻觉的）effects.HewasdeeplyconnectedtonatureandarguedthatLSD,besidesbeingusefulforpsychiatry（精神病学）,couldalsobeusedtopromoteawarenessofmankind’splaceinnature.However,hewasdisappointedthathisdiscoverywasbeingcarelesslyusedasadrugforentertainment.Becauseofhisdiscovery,LSDfanshavefondlycalledhim“theFatherofLSD”.Besidescarryingouthisscientificexperiments,healsoauthorednumerousbooksandmorethan100scientificarticles.In2007,hefeaturedinalistofthe100greatestlivinggeniuses,publishedbyTheTelegraphNewspaper.

Childhood&Earlylife

AlbertHofmannwasborninBaden,Switzerland,onJanuary11,1906.Hewastheeldestoffourchildren.Hisfatherwasapoortoolmakerinafactoryandtheylivedinarentedapartment.Hespentmuchofhischildhoodoutdoorsandgrewupwithadeepconnectionwithnature.

Hehadmind-blowingexperiencesinchildhood.Duringhisgrowth,naturewaschangedinmagicalwaysthathedidn’tunderstand.Theseexperiencescausedquestionsinhismind,andchemistrywasthescientificfieldwhichallowedhimtounderstandthem.

HestudiedchemistryatZurichUniversity,andhismaininterestwasthechemistryofplantsandanimals.At23,heearnedhisPhDwithhonors.

1．WhatledAlbertHofmanntoacareerinchemistry?

A．Hisfans.

B．Hisfather.

C．Hisfamily.

D．Hisinterest.

2．Fromthepassage,weknow.

A．LSDwasbeingwronglyused

B．LSDwasnotusefulforpsychiatry

C．thisdiscoveryofLSDmadeAlbertHofmannsurprised

D．thisdiscoveryofLSDcouldchangemankind’splaceinnature

3．WhichcanbeinferredaboutAlbertHofmannfromthepassage?

A．Hehasfourbrothersorsisters.

B．Hehasfoundmanyusefulplants.

C．HeearnedhisPhDin1929.

D．Heonlyconcentratedonscientificexperiments.

Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyoucouldn’tsee.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfingers.Howdoyoufeel,then?

Withmedicalknowledgeandskillstoday,two-thirdsoftheworld’s42millionblindpeopleshouldnothavetosuffer.Unluckily,richcountrieshavethisknowledge,butdevelopingcountriesdonot.

ORBISisaninternationalcharitable（慈善的）organization.Itsgoalistohelpfightblindnessallovertheworld.InsideaDC-8airplane,thereisateachinghospitalwithatelevisionroomandaclassroom.Doctorsaretaughtthelatesttechnologyofhelpingtheblindgetsightagainhere.ORBISisalwaystryingtokeepacloserrelationamongcountries.

ORBIShelpsthosedevelopingcountriesbyprovidingsight-savingtraining.Ithastaughtover35,000doctorsandnurses.Theycontinuetotreatthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.Theyhavetraveledaroundtheearth3times,visited76countriesandtreatedover20,000blindpeople.Theyneedyourhelptocontinuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.

Forjust$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380,10peoplecansee;$1,300helpstrainadoctornewskills;andfor$13,000youcanprovideatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorswhocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourlovecanhelpthemopentheireyestotheworld.

4．Howmanyblindpeopleshouldnothavetosufferwithmedicalknowledgeandskillstoday?

A．14million.

B．42million.

C．28million.

D．200million.

5．Alotofblindpeopleintheworldhavetosufferbecause.

A．ORBISdidn’tdoitsbesttoofferhelp

B．thereisnogoodmedicalknowledgeandskills

C．somecountriescan’taffordmedicalknowledgeandskills

D．developingcountriesdon’tpaymuchattentiontotheblind

6．Accordingtothispassage,ORBIShelpsfightblindnessbydoingthefollowingEXCEPT.

A．writingthiskindofarticlestoaskforhelp

B．providingsight-savingtraining

C．treatingthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear

D．tryingtokeepacloserelationamongcountries

7．Thepurposeofthispassageisto.

A．introduceacharitableorganizationORBIStopeople

B．callonpeopletogivetheblindahand

C．tellpeoplehowtheyfeeliftheylosetheireyes

D．explainwhyORBIShelpsfightblindness

Someofthebestresearchondailyexperienceisrootedinratesofpositiveandnegativeinteractions,whichhasprovedthatbeingblindlypositiveornegativecancauseotherstobefrustratedorannoyedortosimplytuneout.

Overthelasttwodecades,scientistshavemaderemarkablepredictionssimplybywatchingpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthenscoringtheconversationsbasedontherateofpositiveandnegativeinteractions.Researchershaveusedthefindingstopredicteverythingfromthelikelihoodthatacouplewilldivorcetothechancesofaworkteamhavinghighcustomersatisfactionandproductivitylevels.

MorerecentresearchhelpsexplainwhythesebriefexchangesmatterSomuch.Whenyouexperiencenegativeemotionsasaresultofcriticismorrejection,forexample,yourbodyproduceshigherlevelsofthestresshormone,whichshutsdownmuchofyourthinkingandactivates（激活）conflictanddefensemechanisms（机制）.Youassumesituationsasbeingworsethantheyactuallyare.

Whenyouexperienceapositiveinteraction,itactivatesaverydifferentresponse.Positiveexchangesincreaseyourbody’sproductionofoxytocin,afeel-goodhormonethatincreasesyourabilitytocommunicatewith,cooperatewithandtrustothers.Buttheeffectsofapositiveoccurrencearelessdramaticandlastingthantheyareforanegativeone.Weneedatleastthreetofivepositiveinteractionstooutweigh（比……更重要）everyonenegativeexchange.Badmomentssimplyoutweighgoodones.Whetheryou’rehavingaconversation,keepthissimpleshortcutinmind:

Atleast80percentofyourconversationshouldbefocusedonwhat’sgoingright.

Workplaces,forexample,oftenseethis.Duringperformancereviews,managersroutinelyspend80percentoftheirtimeonweaknessesand“areasforimprovement”.Theyspendroughly20percentofthetimeonstrengthsandpositiveaspects.Anytimeyouhavediscussionswithapersonorgroup,spendthevastmajorityofthetimetalkingaboutwhatisworking,andusetheremainingtimetoaddressweaknesses.

8．Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“tuneout”inParagraph1?

A．stoplistening

B．changeone’smind

C．losetemper

D．beataloss

9．Whatwillhappenifyouexperiencenegativeemotions?

A．Muchofyourthinkingwillbeprevented.

B．You’llbegintolookforthebrightsideoflife.

C．Youwillfeelanurgetoimproveandbecomebetter.

D．You’llbemotivatedtoresolveconflictswithpeople.

10．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?

A．Weneedapositivefeelingtobeatonenegativefeeling.

B．Negativefeelingscansometimespromoteourproductivity.

C．Ourconversationshouldcenteronwhatneedsimprovement.

D．Theeffectofnegativefeelingslastslongerthanthatofpositiveones.

11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Waystopreventnegativethoughts.

B．Positiveinteractionsmakethedifference.

C．Whynegativethinkingisunnecessary.

D．Howtopromoteworkplaceproductivity.

二、阅读理解

MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedproper.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

BradfordsaidthatlargemodemtheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater’slocation（位置）wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”

Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplansweregivenupbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.

Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.

12．Inwhatwaywasyesterday’scleanupatthePlazaspecial?

A．Itmaderoomfornewequipment.

B．Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.

C．Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.

D．Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.

13．WhywasTheLastPictureStowputon?

A．Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C．Theaudiencerequestedit.

D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

14．Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?

A．Itwillberepaired.

B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuse