重庆市万州三中高考高中英语阅读理解专题及答案.docx
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重庆市万州三中高考高中英语阅读理解专题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Sharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.
Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence(AI),computingpower,anddrone(无人机)technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called"WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers"—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.
SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas"deeplearning",theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:
shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.
Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮仓)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驱逐装置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.
InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.
WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.
(1)ASharkSpotteris________.
A. asolutiontomonitorsharks
B. anequipmenttoidentifylifesavers
C. atechnologytopreventsharkattacks
D. aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones
(2)Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill________.
A. taketimelyaction
B. analyzethevisualdata
C. classifytheidentifiedobjects
D. turnon"deeplearning"mode
(3)Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemis________.
A. efficientinsavinglives
B. effectiveindetectingsharks
C. smartindrivingsharksaway
D. practicaloverthewholeseaarea
(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?
A.Doubtful.
B.Optimistic.
C.Negative.
D.Objective.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术SharkSpotter的工作原理以及重要意义。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的”Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.“如果鲨鱼被发现,SharkSpotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号,并向操作员发出听觉警告。
操作员确认了警告,并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信,以便采取进一步行动。
可推断出SharkSpotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的”Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮仓)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驱逐装置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.“在紧急情况下,无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电子防鲨器,当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时,可以将防鲨器放入水中。
可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时,系统会及时采取行动,故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段”InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.“2018年1月,西太平洋小开创者救生员队(WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers)被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德(LennoxHead)被困的年轻游泳者。
这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来,一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。
整个营救行动耗时70秒。
可推知第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的”WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.“我们相信SharkSpotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。
可知作者对SharkSpotter的未来持乐观的态度。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs(豚鼠)fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?
"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.
Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!
"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.
IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?
"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion-evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?
Itworked.
Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.
Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.
Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.
(1)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
(2)Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?
A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.
B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.
C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.
D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.
(3)WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?
A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.
B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.
C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.
D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings
B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant
C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife
D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,在一个星期的时间里,作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情,而且每天都有所不同。
生活永远不会完美。
但通过这么一个简单的练习,作者重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。
这只需要一点感激之情。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?
’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室,让我挑选一种,在抓苹果派之前,我会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”可知,作者在抓苹果派之前,会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”。
可知,作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。
我算了算。
连续7天每天做5件事,甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有,那就太费脑力了。
可推知,作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑,认为太费脑力、不值得去做。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道,我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。
他是个很棒的厨师。
他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。
可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。
由此可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习,我重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别)可知,练习表达感激,改变了作者的观念和生活。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。
并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Ifyouloveeatinganddrinkingforfreeandarelookingtomakesomepocketmoney,there'sajobinChinawithyournameonit.Anewtypeofonlineserviceallowspeopletohireotherstoeatordrinktheirfavoritetreats,eithertocuretheirboredomorsatisfytheirappetitewithoutthecaloriesthatusuallycomewithit.
ChinesemediarecentlyreportedonanincreasinglypopularserviceononlineplatformTaobaothat'sasstartlingasitisappealing.Peoplecannowgoonlineandhireothe