How to successfully deal with reading英语论文.docx

How to successfully deal with reading英语论文.docx

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Howtosuccessfullydealwithreading英语论文

Ⅰ.Thedefinitionofreading:

Readingmaybedefinedastherapidfusionofwordsymbolsintoconsecutiveunitsofthought.Throughreadingtheexperiencesofthereaderareextended.Hispowerofthinkingisstimulatedandheisenabledtointerpretlifemoreintelligentlyandaccurately.

Ⅱ.Aboutreading

ListeningandspeakingaretheprimaryactivitiesinlearningaforeignLanguage;closethereaftercomereading.Modernmeansofcommunication,likethetelephone,radioandtelevision,havegivenaddedimportancetothespokenword.Sincehowever,themajorpartofcommunicationisstillcarriedonbymeansoftheprintedpage,readingremainsabasiclinguisticskill.Sincestrongmotiveandpermanentintereststhatwillinspirethestudentsaretobedeveloped,readingintheforeignlanguagemustbemadeanenjoyableactivity.Theactofreadingistheactoftakingthoughtaboutsomething.Thethoughtmaybesimplythatyouwishtobeamusedorfrighten-edintocomfort.Itcanbethethoughtthatthereissometruthtobefoundthatwaitsintheprintedpages.Thereadingoftheprintedpagecanneverbetheactofa"Passiveconsumer".Infactitisasmuchapartofthecreativeactastheauthor'swriting,wherethereisareadingmantherecanbeathinkingman,andwheneverheexiststhatpartoftheworldcanbebetterthanitis.Adistinctionhastobemadebetweenthedifferentkindsandlevelsofreading.Formeresurvival,functionalliteracyisneededbyeveryoneinoursociety.Highreadingefficiencyisrequiredofeveryspecialistinhisorherownfield.Writtenordersandinstructionshavetobeunderstoodclearlyiftheyaretobecarriedout.Somepeoplewillrarelyusereadingforanythingbeyondthesimplestsourceofinformation.Somemayneveruseitforentertainment.

Ⅲ.Howtosuccessfullydealwithreading

1.Thenatureofreadingcomprehension.Readingisoneofthefour-macroskillsinLanguageLearning.Itisviewedasaprocessofdecodingwrittensymbols,workingfromsmallerunitstolargerones.Onesignificantcontributiontoreading,wearetold,hasbeentoshowtheimportanceofbackgroundknowledgetothereadingprocess.Thementalstructureswhichstoreourknowledgearecalledschemata,andthetheoryofcomprehensionbasedonschemataiscalledschematheory.Accordingtothetheoryreadingisaninteractiveprocessbetweenwhatareaderalreadyknowaboutagiventopicorsubjectandwhatthewriterwrites.It'snotsimplyamatterofapplyingdecodingconventionsandgrammaticalknowledgetothetext.Goodreadersareabletorelatethetextandtheirownbackgroundknowledgeefficiently.

2.Readingskillsandpurpose.

Itisimportanttobearinmindthatreadingisnotaninvariantskill,thattherearedifferenttypesofreadingskillswhichcorrespondtothemanydifferentpurposeswehaveforreading.

Hereweborrowsomeforeignscholar'sidea.Wearesuggestedthatsoundlanguagelearnerswillwanttoreadforthefollowingpurposes:

----toobtaininformationforsomepurposeorbecomewearecuriousaboutsometopic.　----toobtaininstructionsonhowtoperformsometaskforourworkordailylife.　----Toactinaplay,playagame,doapuzzle.----Tokeepintouchwithfriendsbycorrespondenceortounderstandbusinessletter.----Toknowwhenorwheresomethingwilltakeplaceorwhatisavailable.----toknowwhatishappeningorhashappened.----forenjoymentorexcitement.Inourdailylife,weoftenencounterdifferentreadingtasks.Weagreethatdifferentpurposesrequiredifferentskills.Herearesomeexamples.Youare:

　----fillinginanunfamiliarform.

----operatingamachineyouhaveneverused.----lookinginanewspapertofindsomethingusefulforyou.　----dealingwithyourstudents'writtenPiecesofwork.----interpretingtablesonpharmaceuticalproducts.----usingatimetable.

----usingroadsigns.----selectingandreadinganewspaperarticle.----readingashortstoryornovel.Asyouarecarryingoutthereadingtask,youwouldhavebeeninvolvedin:

　----recognizingandunderstand-dingscriptandformat.----recognizingandunderstandingkeywordsandphrases.----skimmingforgist.----identifyingthemainpointsintext.----readingindetail.Successfulreadingtheninvolves;----usingwordattackskillssuchasidentifyingsound/symbolcodependences.----usinggrammaticalknowledgetorecovermeaning,forexampleinterpretingnon-finiteclauses.----usingdifferenttechniquesfordifferentpurpose,forexampleskimmingandscanningforkeywordsorinformation.----relatingtextcontenttoone'sownbackgroundknowledgeofthesubjectashand.----identifyingtherhetoricalorfunctionalofindividualsentencesortextsegments.

Duringherlesson,somenewwordsstopthestudents’comprehensionofpassagereading.Newwordspreventusfromreadingfast.Onewaytoovercomethisproblemistoguess.Anotherproblemthataffectourreadingspeedisourreadinghabitandourreadingskill.Someonereadswordbyword.Someonereadswithhisfingerpointingtothewordsorwithhisheadshaking.Thoseareallbadhabits.Weshouldreadphrasebyphrase.Don'tblinkoureyessooftenanddon'tshakeourheads.Justmoveoureyeballs.That'senough.Ifwewanttogetmorewordinformation,theremustbeaproperdistancebetweenoureyesandthereadingmaterial.Ithinkbrowsingisanimportantstepwhilewearedoingourreadingcomprehension.Somestudentsbegintoreadatoncewhenhegetareadingmaterial,evenwithoutknowingitstitle.Butafterreadingformanytimes,hewon'tunderstandwhatthearticlesays.Ithinkyoumightreadthegivenquestionsfastaswell,thenthematerial.Thereisanadvantagetodothis.Whenwereadthematerialwiththequestions,wecansaveourtime.

1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 如不知道vampire的词义, 从上文1ives on blood（靠吸血而生存）则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。

2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 如不知道spectacles的词义, 从下文"戴上＇spectacles＇后开始阅读"可猜得其词义为"眼镜"。

3.I’m sorry I’ve been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you, too. 根据第二个句子的意思, 可猜出monopolize之意为"独占"。

4.If I were a boy again, I would practise perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. 根据and never give up a thing ...可猜测perseverance之意为"坚韧不拔" .

5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous. 根据后半句让步状语从句, 可猜测instinct为"本能"。

 6.14,000 sanitation workers who carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.从上下文可猜出sanitation workers为"环卫工人"。

7.Human beings are a unique species. They have larger brains than any other beings. They have the gift of speech and can communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.从上下文可猜出the gift of speech为“语言天赋”。

8.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago. 不难猜出Archaeologists 为“考古学家” 。

9.One of the newest American expressions is "Where is the beef?

" It questions if something is as good or as honest as it claims to be. 根据第二个句子的意思, 可猜测"Where is the beef?

" 之意为“拿出证据来” 。

10.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years. 状语部分的意思是“她离开家人好几年了”, 对于一个女孩子来说, “想家”的结果是必然的。

所以, 我们通过状语从句所提供的信息可以推断出homesick的意思是“想家的”。

11.The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading. 以因果关系为线索, 可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引”, “全神贯注”。

12.I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won＇t give it up easily. 通过第二句, 可推出resolute的意思是"坚定的"。

二. 利用文中的举例猜测词义。

常见的举例的提示词有：

for example, such as , for instance 等。

（1）.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.如不知道"geometric forms"的意思, 可从文中所列举的三角形、正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。

（2）.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.如不知道appliances的意思, 从文中的举例washing-machines（洗衣机）, refrigerators（冰箱）, color televisions（电视机）可以猜出该词的意思为“家用电器”。

（3）.There were disastrous fires in some cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666. such as 列举出如1666年伦敦大火一类“灾难性”（即disastrous）的火灾。

（4）. The government promises to give millions of deprived black the essentials in life -- housing, education, health facilities, and job opportunities. 可猜出essentials是“必需品”。

三. 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。

1.The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged. 　句中snorkel一词的意思, 可通过其同位语a long air tube that reaches up to the surface来猜得。

由此我们可以确定该词的意思为“通气管”。

2.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer who could never stay in one place. roamer是生词, 但wanderer是由我们所熟悉的wander变化而来的名词, 那可以推出的意思是“流浪汉”。

3.Nearby is the race course, where the town＇s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th. 以where引导的定语从句为依据, course应是汽车赛举行的地点, 所以排除“过程”, “课程”, “航向”, 而要定义为“跑道”。

4.The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.通过定语从句which is used to measure electricity（用来测量电的）, 我们可以将multimeter的词义确定为“万用表”。

5.They will be on the night shift ---- from midnight to 6 a.m. - next week. 由破折号之间的解释内容, 我们可以了解到night shift意思为“夜班”。

6.To train the students to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words through contextual clues, namely, through the words before or after the words they may not know.namely后面的内容解释说明了contextual clues为“情景线索”。

7.In sports, especially athletics, success is often prevented by psychological obstacles, that is, barriers that exist in the mind only. that is后面的内容解释说明了psychological obstacles为“心理障碍”四. 利用文中的反义词猜测词义。

表示对比的词有but, while, however, otherw