11Adj.docx

11Adj.docx

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11Adj

Adj.&Adv.

形容词和副词

修饰词的词序

“限定词+形容词+名词”词组中限定词+形容词的排列顺序。

限定词+一般描述性形容词+表示大小、形状的形容词+表示年龄、新旧的形容词+表示颜色的形容词+表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词+表示物质材料的形容词+表示用途、类别的形容词或名词

Examples

⏹Whenshegotherfirstmonthsalary,Dianaboughtherself___dress.

⏹A.acotton,blueexpensive

⏹B.ablue,expensivecotton

⏹C.anexpensiveblue,cotton

⏹D.acotton,expensiveblue

⏹用连字号构成的形容词中的名词一般不用复数形式。

⏹Athree-dayjourney

⏹=athreedays’journey

⏹Atwo-hourmeeting

⏹=atwohours’meeting

⏹Daily,weekly,yearly,monthly等一些以ly结尾的词即可以是形容词也可是副词。

⏹Adailynewspaper

⏹Gotovisitaplaceweekly

⏹Yearlyproduction（annual）

⏹Changeyearly

⏹Atamonthlyinterval

⏹Gotoseeadoctor/adentistmonthly

⏹fast、long、well、enough等一些形容词本身也可以做副词用，不能再加ly。

⏹Thetrainisfast.

⏹Thetrainrunsfast.

⏹Thereisenoughwater.

⏹Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

late,lately;hard,hardly

⏹有些形容词加ly后意义不同，发生变化（late,lately;hard,hardly等）。

⏹SorryIamlate.

⏹Ihaven’tseenhimlately.

⏹Itishardtopredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.

⏹Ifyouworkhard,chancesarethatyouwillachievesuccessinyourcareer.

⏹Itishardlytoomuchtosaythatwebenefitfromdoingsomepart-timejobs.

表语形容词

⏹有些形容词只能做表语。

（如表健康的ill、well和以前缀a开头的形容词alone,awake,aware,astir,ashore,asleep,alike,alive）

⏹Areyouawarethatyouareheadingfordanger?

⏹MymotherwasstillawakewhenIcameback.

⏹Iamliabletofallasleepduringboringlectures.

过去分词用much修饰

⏹过去分词充当的形容词用much修饰/与very+adj的区别。

⏹Hewasmuchrespected.

⏹Thestorywasveryfunny.

⏹Iwasmuchexcited.

⏹Itisveryinteresting.

too…to的两种含义

⏹too...to表否定含义

⏹a.Itwastoocoldforustogoshopping.

⏹（=Itwassocoldthatwecouldn't...）

⏹（all/only）too…to表示肯定意义

⏹He‘sonlytoopleasedtohelpus.非常愿意/高兴帮助我们。

⏹Ishallbeonlytoohappytogowithyouthere.

特殊形容词

⏹有些形容词（表示形状）只有原级，不能用比较级和最高级形式（round、square）。

⏹还有一些形容词本身就表示“最好，完美，独一无二，最理想的”等最高级意义，只有原级，不能用比较级和最高级形式（perfect,ideal,excellent,unique,favorite）。

特殊形容词

⏹少数的外来词本身就有比较的含义，不能再加er或more…than，一般用介词to引出比较对象。

⏹Superior,inferior,junior,senior,prior

⏹Thisismuchsuperiorinqualitytothepreviousone.

⏹Sheisseniortomeinrank/inage.

⏹Priortothemeeting,Iattendedalecture.

NoMore/lessVs.NotMore/less

⏹Sheisnomoreintelligentthanheis.

⏹她不比他聪明多少。

（两人都不太聪明）（两者都否定）

⏹Sheisnotmoreintelligentthanheis.

⏹她不如他更聪明。

（他比她更聪明）（肯定后者，否定前者）

muchtoo和toomuch的区别

⏹——Muchtoo+adj./adv.

⏹——Toomuch+noun.或用做代词

⏹Thecoatismuchtooexpensive.

⏹Itcausedtoomuchpain.

⏹Ihavealreadyhadtoomuch.

同（原）级比较句型

⏹⑴as+adj（adv）原级+as

⏹⑵as+adj（原级）+a（an）+n+as

⏹⑶no+比较级+than

⏹⑷thesame…as

⏹（5）notas（so）+原级+as

as+adj（adv）原级+as

⏹Thisroomisasbigasthatone.

⏹Heisastimidasarabbit.

⏹Thecapinhisheadisasindispensabletohimashisnoseonhisface.

⏹Theathleterunsasfastasahorse.

⏹Thetraintravelsasfastasaplane.

no+比较级+than

⏹HeisnomoreintelligentthanIam.

⏹Impliedmeaning:

wetwoarenotveryclever.Wetwoarebothquitestupid.

（cf.HeisnotmoreintelligentthanIam.）

Impliedmeaning:

Iwasmoreintelligentthanheis.

HeislessintelligentthanIam.Iamquiteintelligentbutheisnot.

⏹Thisfilmisnomoreinterestingthantheonewesawlastweek.

⏹（cf.Thisfilmisnotmoreinterestingthantheonewesawlastweek.）

比较级的句型

⏹

（1）比较级+than

⏹

（2）使用带有比较含义的形容词+to（seniorto等）

⏹（3）the+比较级，the+比较级（越…越…）

使用带有比较含义的形容词+to（seniorto等）

⏹Superior,inferior,junior,senior,prior,previous,preferable等形容词本身已含有“比什麽更”的意义，不需要比较级more…than.

⏹Humanbeingsaresuperiortootheranimalsinthattheycanmakeandusetoolsforvariouspurposes.

⏹Fakegoodsareinferiortogenuinecommoditiesinbothqualityanddurability.

the+比较级，the+比较级

（越…越…）

⏹Absolutesecrecyisessential.Consequently,thefewerwhoareawareoftheplan,thebetter.

⏹Themore,thebetter.

⏹Themorequickly,thebetter.

⏹Themorehelearned,themoreeagerlyhewantedtolearn.

⏹Chancesarethatthemoreyoupractice,themoreyouperfect.（themorepracticeyoumake,themoreskillfulyouare.）

最高级的表示法

⏹⑴the+最高级+in（of）

⏹⑵比较级+than+anyother/alltheother

⏹⑶Nothing（no+noun.）+is+so+形（副）原级+as

⏹（4）Nothing（no+noun.）+is+形比较级+than

再没有比…更…

⏹（5）as+adj+as+S.+canbe

⏹（6）allthe+形副比较级+从句

the+最高级+in（of/among）

⏹Byfar,sheisthemostambitiousgirlamongallthestudentsIhaveevertaught.

⏹Tome,physicsisthemostdifficultsubjectinallthecoursesofferedinthecollege.

⏹Asfarasmanypeopleareconcerned（asfarasoccupationsareconcerned）,teachingisthemostnobleprofessionofall.

比较级+than+anyother/alltheother

⏹Sheismoreintelligentthanalltheotherstudentsinherclass.

⏹Heismoremischievousthananyotherboyintheneighborhood.

⏹Themanismoreknowledgeablethanalltheothermeninhiscompany.

Nothing+is+形比较级+than

再没有比…更…

⏹Nothingismoreenjoyablethangoingoutforawalkafterabigsupper.

⏹Nothingismorevaluablethangoodhealth.

⏹Nothinggivestheoldmanmorehappinessthanraisingbirds.

⏹Nothingbenefitscollegestudentsmorethanconstantlytakingpartinsocialpracticetoadaptthemselvestothesociety（togainsomesocialexperience）.

倍数表达法

⏹⑴倍数+as+原级+as+被比对象（甲是乙的多少倍）

⏹⑵倍数+比较级+than+被比对象（甲比乙….多少倍）

⏹⑶倍数+the+表数量大小的名词+of+被比对象或that/thoseof

倍数+as+原级+as+被比对象

⏹Theirnewhouseistwiceaslargeastheirpreviousone.

⏹Theelectricalbicyclerunstwiceasfast/quicklyascommonbikes.

倍数+比较级+than+被比对象

⏹Thefactoryproducesthreetimesmorecarsthantheotherone.

⏹Thepassageistwicelongerthantheonewediscussedlastweek.

倍数+the+表数量大小的名词+of+被比对象或that/thoseof

⏹Thesizeoftheapartmentisthreetimesthatofthehousetheyusedtolivein/inhabit.

⏹Thenumberofstudentswhofailedinthefinalexamthistermistwicethatofthestudentslastterm.

⏹Theroomsinthishotelaresixtimesthoseofthesmallinn.

enough的用法

⏹Ihavehadenoughwater.

⏹Ihavehadenough.

⏹Itisenough.

⏹Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

⏹Doyouhaveenoughmoneytobuythebook?

So,such

⏹So+adj.+a+noun.

⏹Such+a+adj.+noun.

⏹Eg.Itissointerestingastory.

⏹Itissuchaninterestingstory.

⏹不可数名词只能用such修饰。

⏹Suchfineweather

⏹Sofineweather（X）

so、too和enough的区别

⏹ThebookissointerestingthatIreadittwice.

⏹Itistoohardformetounderstand.

⏹Heistoooldtobeaqualifiedsoldier.

⏹Thetextbookistooeasyforouruse.

⏹AmIqualifiedenoughtodothejob?

⏹Arethereenoughbooksavailable?

ImportantPoints

四级主要考点

副词的位置

⏹频率副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never,ever,usually,rarely,occasionally,nosooner,hardly,scarcely等以及just,shortly等其他副词必须放在助动词、情态动词或be动词与实义动词之间。

在省略结构中，这些副词必须放在助动词、情态动词或be动词之前。

Examples

⏹We___ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.

⏹A.justhavehadB.havejusthadC.justhadhadD.hadjusthad

⏹SanFranciscoisusuallycoolinthesummer,butLosAngeles____.

⏹A.israrelyB.rarelyis

C.hardlyisD.isscarcely

程度副词的位置

⏹程度副词的位置通常放在所修饰的词前面，如very,much,almost,hardly,nearly,awfully,fairly,rather等。

但enough必须放在所修饰词的后面。

⏹HowIwishJohnrecognizedthefactthathe___inthewrong.

⏹A.isalwaysnearlyB.alwaysisnearlyC.isnearlyalwaysD.nearlyisalways

频率副词的位置

⏹频率副词如always,usually,never,ever,just,shortly,seldom,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,rarely,occasionally常放在助动词、情态动词、或be动词后或实义动词之前，但在省略结构中，必须置于助动词、情态动词或be动词之前。

⏹SanFranciscoisusuallycoolinsummer,butLosAngeles____.（91.6）

⏹A.israrelyB.hardlyisC.rarelyisD.isscarcely

评注性副词的位置

⏹对全句进行修饰的评注性副词如actually，fortunately,surely,certainly,briefly通常放在句首，并用逗号隔开。

⏹Not____,theprocessofchoosingnamesvarieswidelyfromculturetoculture.（93.6）

⏹A.obviouslyB.particularlyC.surprisinglyD.normally

同根形容词

⏹When___scientistsfirstsuggestedthepossibilitythatonepersoncouldspeakdirectlytoanotheroveralongdistance,fewpeopletookthemseriously.

⏹A.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imaginaryD.imagination

⏹Thecarisquite___ofpetrol.

⏹A.economicB.economicalC.economicsD.economy

同根形容词

⏹Nooneimaginedthattheapparently___businessmanwasreallycriminal.

⏹A.respectfulB.respectableC.respectiveD.respecting

⏹Thisisawell___plan.

⏹A.consideredB.considerateC.considerableD.considering

易混淆的同根形容词

⏹Considerable

⏹Historic（历史上重要的）

⏹Confident

⏹Favorable

⏹Industrial

⏹Comparative

⏹Incredible

⏹Continual（连续不断的）

⏹Economic

⏹Considerate

⏹Historical

⏹Confidential

⏹Favorite

⏹Industrious

⏹Comparable（可比的）

⏹Incredulous（不轻信的）

⏹Continuous（持续的）

⏹Economical