现代语言学历年真题及答案.docx

现代语言学历年真题及答案.docx

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现代语言学历年真题及答案

全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题之南宫帮珍创作

创作时间：

二零二一年六月三十日

课程代码：

00830

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.（2%×10=20%）

1.Thereisadifferencebetweenwhatweknow,whichisourlinguisticcompetence,andhowweusethisknowledgeinactualspeechproductionand______,whichisourlinguisticperformance.（）

A.creationB.communication

C.comprehensionD.perception

2.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced______,respectively.（）

A.affricatesB.stops

C.velarsD.palatals

3.Morphemeswhichrepresentsuchgrammaticalcategoriesasnumber,tense,gender,andcasearecalled_______morphemes.（）

A.freeB.bound

C.derivationalD.inflectional

4.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainhead,______andcomplement.（）

A.modifierB.determiner

C.qualifierD.specifier

5.______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformwhile_______dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.（）

A.Reference,senseB.Sense,referent

C.Sense,referenceD.Referent,sense

6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’stheoryofspeechact,a（n）______actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.（）

A.prelocutionaryB.locutionary

C.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary

7.Soundchangesmayincludethelossofasoundorsounds.Theso-calledapocopereferstotheomissionofavowelsegment________.（）

A.inword-initialB.inword-middle

C.inword-finalD.insyllable-initial

8.IncontrasttoStandardAmericanEnglish,BlackEnglishisthedistinctvarietyofEnglishnativetoblackpopulationsintheUSA.WeregardBlackEnglishas________.（）

A.aregionaldialectB.asocialdialect

C.asituationaldialectD.anethnicdialect

9.Amongthelanguagecenters,______isresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances.（）

A.themotorareaB.Broca’sarea

C.Wernicke’sareaD.theangulargyrus

10.Thelanguageat________stagebeginstoreflectthedistinctionbetweensentence-types,suchasnegativesentences,imperatives,andquestions.（）

A.prelinguisticB.one-word

C.two-wordD.multiword

II.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

11.Aisoneofthedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage,whichmeansthereisingeneralnonaturalrelationbetweenmeaningsandsounds.

12.Amongthethreebranchesofphonetics,thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthestreamsofsoundsproducedinspeechisknownasaphonetics.

13.Inusingthemorphologicalrules,wemustguardagainstointhatdifferentwordsmayrequiredifferentaffixestocreatethesamemeaningchange.

14.UniversalGrammarisasetofprinciplesandpofgrammarwhich,accordingtoChomsky,isinheritedgeneticallybyallhumanbeings.

15.Thesynonymssuchaseconomical,thrifty,andstingyaredifferentintheiremeaning.

16.MostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsundertheCooperativePrinciplegiverisetoconversationali.

17.Whenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness,thenruleeoccurs.

18.Apidginisamlanguagedevelopedasamediumoftrade,orthroughotherextendedbutlimitedcontact,betweengroupsofspeakerswhohavenootherlanguageincommon.

19.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalled1.

20.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedevelopmentinhumans.Generallyspeaking,itreferstochildren’sdevelopmentoftheirflanguage.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinkso.（2%×10=20%）

21.（）“There’samotorcyclecoming"isseenas,outofcontext,astatementthatamotorcycleiscoming.Butinaparticularcontext,itmightbeawarningtoapedestriannottostepontoaroad.Whenthestudyofmeaningisconsideredinthecontextofuse,itbecomesabranchoflinguisticscalledpragmatics.

22．（）Todistinguishbetweenphonemesandphones,linguistsuseslashes／／forphoneticsegmentsandsquarebrackets[]forphonemicsegments．

23．（）Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestemandalsochangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword．

24．（）Inadditiontosentencesandclauses,asyntacticcategoryusuallyreferstoa1exicalcategoryoraphrasalcategorythatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction．

25．（）Theword“flower”and“flour”,whichareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,arehomophones．

26．（）Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,pragmaticscanberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.

27．（）Themeaningrepresentationofwordsmaychange,becomingbroader,narrower,orshifted．Thewordknightoncemeant“youth”,butwaselevatedinmeaningintheageofchivalry；WhenJuliettellsRomeo,“I’mtoofond.”SheisnotclaimingshelikesRomeotoomuch．Shemeans“Iamtoofoolish．”Thesearetwoexamplesofsemanticbroadening．

28．（）Insociolinguistics,speechcommunityreferstoagroupofspeakerswhoconstituteacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage．SpeakersofEnglishingeneralmightbetreatedassuchacommunity.

29．（）Generallyspeaking,thelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,therightsideofthebody．

30．（）TheoptimumageforSLAalwaysaccordswiththemaximof’“theyoungerthebetter”．

IV.Directions:

Explaninthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.（3%×10=30%）

32.voicing

34.finiteclause

ponentialanalysis

38.speechvariety

39.linguisticrelativism

40.thenativistviewoflanguageacquisition

V.Directions:

Answerthefollowingquestions.

（10%×2=20%）

41.Whatisthedistinctionbetweenlangueandparole?

WhydidSaussuremakesuchadistinction?

42.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning?

Andgiveexamplestoillustratethem.

2011年1月全国自考现代语言学参考谜底

全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.（2%×10=20%）

1.ThepurposeofChomsky’sdefinitionistofocusattentiononthepurely______propertiesoflanguage,andthesepropertiescanbestudiedfromamathematicallyprecisepointofview.

A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.semanticD.structural

2.Werefertothelimitedrangeofsoundsasthephonicmediumoflanguageandindividualsoundswithinthatrangeas______.

A.vowelsB.consonantsC.soundsD.speechsounds

3.A（n）______referstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.

A.rootB.stemC.affixD.morpheme

4.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedbyconstituentstructuretrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethelinearorderofwordsandtheir______structure.

A.linearB.hierarchicalC.constituentD.syntactic

5.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a（n）______isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementinasentence.（）

A.argumentB.subjectC.objectD.predicate

6.SpeakerA:

Canyouanswerthetelephone?

SpeakerB:

I’minthebath.

SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof______.（）

A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.manner

7.Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbytheremovalofasuffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword.Suchaprocessiscalled______,e.g.,caretakefromcaretaker.

A.back-formationB.clippingC.blendingD.abbreviating

8.Itisinsultingtoawomantobecalledaspinster,butitisnotinsultingtoamantobecalledabachelor.Thereisnothinginherently______aboutthewordspinster.Theconnotationsreflectthesexistviewssocietyhasaboutanunmarriedwomanasopposedtoanunmarriedman.

A.importantB.unusualC.pejorativeD.commendatory

9.Humanlinguisticabilitydependsprimarilyonhuman______.（）

A.brainB.vocalcordsC.tongueD.articulatoryorgans

10.Inthe______stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswithmorecomplexgrammaticalstructures.（）

A.prelinguisticB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multi-word

Ⅱ.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

11.Dlinguisticsisthesystematicdescriptionandelucidationofalllinguisticchangesthroughtime.Itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.Forexample,astudyofthechangesEnglishhasundergonesincethetimeofShakespearewouldbeadiachronicstudy.

12.Thephonemesofalanguagecannotbestrungtogetherinanyrandomordertoformwords.Thephonologicalsystemdetermineswhichphonemescanbeginaword,endaword,andfolloweachother,inotherwords,therearesrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguage.

13.Morphologycanbedividedintotwosub-branches:

inflectionalmorphologyanddmorphology.

14.Syntaxconsistsofasetofabstractrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.Itisuniversallyfoundthatsyntacticrulescomprise