现代语言学历年真题及答案.docx

1、现代语言学历年真题及答案全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题之南宫帮珍创作创作时间：二零二一年六月三十日课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2% 10=20% )1.There is a difference between what we kno

2、w, which is our linguistic competence, and howwe use this knowledge in actual speech production and_, which is our linguisticperformance. ( )A. creation B. communicationC. comprehension D. perception2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _,respectively. (

3、 )A. affricates B. stopsC. velars D. palatals3.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and caseare called _ morphemes. ( )A. free B. boundC. derivational D. inflectional4.XP may contain more than just X. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usuallycon

4、tain head, _and complement. ( )A. modifier B. determinerC. qualifier D. specifier5. _ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form while _ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience. ( )A. Reference, sense B. Sense, referentC. S

5、ense, reference D. Referent, sense6. According to John Austins theory of speech act, a(n) _ act is the act of expressing the speakers intention. ( ) A. prelocutionary B. locutionaryC. illocutionary D. perlocutionary7. Sound changes may include the loss of a sound or sounds. The so-called apocope ref

6、ers to the omission of a vowel segment_. ( )A. in word-initial B. in word-middleC. in word-final D. in syllable-initial8. In contrast to Standard American English, Black English is the distinct variety of English native to black populations in the USA. We regard Black English as_. ( )A. a regional d

7、ialect B. a social dialectC. a situational dialect D. an ethnic dialect9. Among the language centers, _is responsible for physical articulation of utterances. ( ) A. the motor area B. Brocas areaC. Wernickes area D. the angular gyrus10. The language at _ stage begins to reflect the distinction betwe

8、en sentence-types, such as negative sentences, imperatives, and questions. ( )A. prelinguistic B. one-wordC. two-word D. multiwordII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ON

9、E word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%10=10% )11. A is one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relation between meanings and sounds.12. Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of t

10、he streams of sounds produced in speech is known as a phonetics.13. In using the morphological rules, we must guard against o in that different words may require different affixes to create the same meaning change.14. Universal Grammar is a set of principles and p of grammar which, according to Chom

11、sky, is inherited genetically by all human beings.15. The synonyms such as economical, thrifty, and stingy are different in their e meaning.16. Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i .17. When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and in

12、crease communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule eoccurs.18. A pidgin is a m language developed as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact, between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in

13、a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1.20. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. Generally speaking, it refers to childrens development of their f language.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false. Put a T for true or

14、F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% 10=20% )21. ( ) “Theres a motorcycle coming is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a

15、pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered in the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.22( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones, linguists use slashesfor phonetic segments and square brackets for phonemic segments23 ( )Prefixes

16、modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word24 ( )In addition to sentences and clauses, a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function25 ( )The word“flower”and “flour”, which ar

17、e identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, are homophones26( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.27 ( )The meaning representation of words may change, becoming bro

18、ader, narrower, or shiftedThe word knight once meant “youth”, but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry；When Juliet tells Romeo, “Im too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too muchShe means “I am too foolish”These are two examples of semantic broadening28 ( ) In sociolinguistics, sp

19、eech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of languageSpeakers of English in general might be treated as such a community.29 ( )Generally speaking, the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and r

20、esponds to signals from, the right side of the body30( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of“the younger the better”IV. Directions: Explanin the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% 10=30% )32.voicing 34.finite clauseponential analysis38.speec

21、h variety39.linguistic relativism40.the nativist view of language acquisitionV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% 2=20% )41. What is the distinction between langue and parole? Why did Saussure make such a distinction?42. What are the differences between sentence meaning and utterance m

22、eaning? And give examples to illustrate them.2011年1月全国自考现代语言学参考谜底全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%10=20% )1. The purpose of Choms

23、kys definition is to focus attention on the purely _ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual

24、sounds within that range as _.A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds3. A(n) _ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have synt

25、actic rules that determine the linear order of words and their _ structure. A. linear B. hierarchicalC. constituentD. syntactic5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) _ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （ ）A. argumentB. subject C

26、. object D. predicate6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: Im in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of _.（ ）A. quantityB. quality C. relation D. manner7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process

27、 is called _, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clippingC. blending D. abbreviating8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently _ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the se

28、xist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusualC. pejorative D. commendatory9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human _. （ ）A. brain B. vocal cordsC. tongue D. articulatory organs10. In the _ stage, children begin to produce longer

29、 utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （ ）A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you

30、are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%10=10% )11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the

31、 time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study.12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combin

32、ation of sounds in a particular language.13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology.14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise