艺考生课程阅读 第六十二讲 阅读.docx

艺考生课程阅读 第六十二讲 阅读.docx

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艺考生课程阅读第六十二讲阅读

2015年学大教育艺考生课程——阅读第六十二讲

议论说明文解题方法与技巧

适用学科

英语

适用年级

高三

适用区域

通用

课时时长（分钟）

60

知识点

议论说理类阅读

理解主旨和要义

理解文中具体信息

根据上下文推断生词的词义 

作出判断和推理

理解作者的意图、观点和态度

教学目标

知识：

了解议论说明文特点

方法：

掌握议论说明文解题方法与步骤

能力：

提高英文阅读理解能力

教学重点

议论说明文解题步骤

教学难点

议论说明文中心主旨的捕捉

教学过程

一、课堂导入

Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.

说出该段说明什么问题？

二、复习预习

1.故事传记文的特点是什么？

2.故事传记文的解题步骤是什么？

3.平时做阅读理解时，遇到议论说明文，如何处理？

三、知识讲解

知识点1

议论说明文概述：

议论说明文是用于说明结论，陈述新老观点，解释现象，分析回答问题以及列举事物优缺点的一类文章。

知识点2

议论说明文主要考查类型：

1.新发现与新生事物

2.社会现象与活动

3.新闻报道

4.人生哲理

5.本质分析

6.重要性分析

7.问题解决

8.发展过程

知识点3

议论说明文特点：

1.中文提示较多；

2.生词较多；

3.个别句子较长。

知识点4

议论说明文常用解题方法：

1.定位对照法：

先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息。

再将原文和选项进行比较。

当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同．则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。

2.选项分析法：

根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容。

再仔细对照，排除于文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定选项。

3.中心精确捕捉法：

根据议论文特点对文章中心段或句进行精准分析。

知识点5

议论说明文总体解题步骤（A）：

1.读开头段，把握中心（中心明确）；

2.解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”；

3.解“细节题”（先定段，后定句）。

议论说明文总体解题步骤（B）：

1.读开头段，把握中心（中心不明确）；

2.解“细节题”（先定段，后定句）；

3.解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”。

知识点6

议论说明文注意事项：

1.不必通读全文，不必千方百计理解文章所有语句；

2.必须首先读好开头与结尾段，快速准确找出文章中心主旨；

3.注意并充分利用文章中所给出的中文提示词。

四、例题精析

【例题1】

Whyplaygames?

Becausetheyarefun,anda1otmorebesides.Followingtherules…planningyournextmove...actingasateammember…theseareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.

Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating（合作）.

Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalsideChildrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones.Whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination（协调）neededinhunting.

Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.

Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit—someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniansoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.

Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.

1.Throughplayinghide-and-seek,childrenareexpectedtolearnto_______.

A.beateamleaderB.obeythebasicrules

C.actasagrown-upD.predictpossibledanger

【答案】B

【解析】考查事实细节题。

根据文章第二段中“Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating（合作）.”可知B项正确。

2.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan_______.

A.describelifeinanexcitingway

B.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplay

C.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinteresting

D.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义句义题。

这部分前面的谓语动词是“translate”有“翻译，解释，转移，调动”的意思，该部分后面有一个定语从句，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?

A.Itinspirespeople’sdeeploveforthecountry.

B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.

C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.

D.Itearnsthewinnersfameandfortune.

【答案】A

【解析】考查事实细节题。

根据文章第四段中的“Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.”可知A项正确。

4.Iribarne’sgoalofformingthefoundationisto_______.

A.bringfuntopoorkids

B.providesoccerballsforchildren

C.givepoorkidsachanceforabetterlife

D.appealtosoccerplayerstohelppoorkids

【答案】C

【解析】考查事实细节题。

根据文章倒数第二段中“Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.”可推出C项是正确的。

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Gamedbenefitpeoplealltheirlives.

B.Sportscangetallathletestogether.

C.Peopleareadvisedtoplaygamesforfun.

D.Sportsincreaseacountry’scompetitiveness.

【答案】A

【解析】考查推理判断题。

整段分析做游戏的好处，不仅儿童、成人也可以玩游戏。

由此可以推断有些对人终身有益。

【例题2】

Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.

Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.

Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.

Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.

Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption”referto?

A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.

B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.

C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.

D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义猜测题。

根据文中的“Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.”可知划线部分意义应为“过度消费”，所以D项意义正确。

2.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow_______.

A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwaste

B.theincreaseofpackagingrecycling

C.therapidgrowthofsupermarkets

D.thefactofpackagingoveruse

【答案】D

【解析】考查中心主旨题。

根据作者在文中使用的数字可知，作者使用数字的目的是为了让读者清楚地理解过度包装的现实问题，所以D项正确。

3.Accordingtothetext,recycling_______.

A.helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffect

B.meansburningpackagingforenergy

C.isthesolutiontogasshortage

D.leadstoawasteofland

【答案】A

【解析】考查事实细节题。

根据“Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.”可知A项正确。

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.

B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.

C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.

D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.

【答案】Ｃ

【解析】考查推理判断题。

第四段讲述了人们对于包装不好的物品的固有认识，即：

人们普遍认为包装不好的物品质量肯定差，所以C项应为正确答案。

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.

B.Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.

C.Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewaste.

D.Theauthorisproudoftheirconsumerculture.

【答案】A

【解析】考查推理判断题。

文章讲述了人们对于过度包装的危害的认识及人们应有的积极态度，所以最后一段给我们带来了希望，但是最后一句“wehaveamountaintoclimb.”提示我们事情不会一蹴而就，所以A项正确。

【例题3】

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.

Certainmicroorganisms（微生物）causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease（释放）poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.W_ww.k*s*5u.c@om

Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepared.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.

Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.

Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoning