汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全quasiturbine future trends in automobile engine.docx
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汽车专业毕业设计翻译中英文全quasiturbinefuturetrendsinautomobileengine
Thisdocumentisavailableat
SeminarReport
QuasiturbineFutureTrends
in
AutomobileEngine
By
PRADHANKALPESHHEMANT(B.EMECHANICAL)
N.D.M.V.P.S.’sCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING
GANGAPURROAD,NASIK-422013INDIA
kalp_pr13@kalpeshpradhan@
January2006
ABSTRACT
Theinventorshavemadeasystematicanalysisofengineconcepts,theirvalue,theirweaknesses,andtheirpotentialforimprovement.Allimprovementideasconvergedwhentheysuggestedmakingaturbo-shaftturbinehavingonlyoneturbineinoneplane...Inordertoachievethat,theinventorshadtoattachtheturbinebladesonetoanotherinachainlikeconfiguration,wheretherotoractsascompressorforaquarterofaturn,andasenginethenextquarterofaturn...ThisistheQuasiturbine!
Manyresearchesaregoingontoincreaseenergyefficiencyonthelongtermwithpiston,hydrogen,fuelcell...Hybridconceptsarewaystoharvestpartofthe"lowpowerefficiencypenalty"ofthepistonengineusedinvehicle,butcounter-productivemeasureslimitthelongtermperspectiveuntiltheycouldefficientlyfuelfromtheelectricalgrid.Noneofthesesolutionsareshorttermstableandcompetitive.
TheQuasiturbineinBeaudeRocha(Otto)cycleisarelativelysimpletechnologywhichcouldbewidelyusedwithinafewyearswithsubstantialefficiencybenefitsoverpistonenginesinmanyapplications.Largeutilityplantsconvertenergymoreefficientlythansmalldistributedunitsandshouldbefavoredwhenpossible,butonthelongterm,theQuasiturbinedetonationengine(ACmodelwithcarriages)isoneoftheveryfewmeanstomatchutilityefficiencythedistributedway,whilebeingaschemicallycleanaspossible.
Byoppositiontodozensofnewenginedesigns,themostimportantatthistimeabouttheQuasiturbineisthefactthatitdoesunknotanewfieldofdevelopmentandoffersmeanstoachievewhatnootherenginedesignhassuggestedorisableto,andspeciallyfordetonationwherepistonenginehasfailedforover40years...
INDEX
∙WhatisQuasiturbine?
∙Howitworks?
∙Howdoesitturn?
∙WhyistheQuasiturbineHydrogenEngine
superiortoconventionalICengine?
∙AdvantagesofQuasiturbine
∙ApplicationsofQuasiturbine
∙Conclusion
∙References
∙WhatisQuasiturbine?
TheQuasiturbine(Qurbine)isanocrankshaftrotaryenginehavinga4facesarticulatedrotorwithafreeandaccessiblecenter,rotatingwithoutvibrationnordeadtime,andproducingastrongtorqueatlowRPMunderavarietyofmodesandfuels.TheQuasiturbinedesigncanalsobeusedasanairmotor,steamengine,gascompressororpump.TheQuasiturbineisalsoanoptimizationtheoryforextremelycompactandefficientengineconcepts
∙HowitWorks
IntheQuasiturbineengine,thefourstrokesofatypicalcycledeBeaudeRochas(Otto)cyclearearrangedsequentiallyaroundanearoval,unlikethereciprocatingmotionofapistonengine.InthebasicsinglerotorQuasiturbineengine,anovalhousingsurroundsafour-sidedarticulatedrotorwhichturnsandmoveswithinthehousing.Thesidesoftherotorsealagainstthesidesofthehousing,andthecornersoftherotorsealagainsttheinnerperiphery,dividingitintofourchambers.
Quasiturbine
combustioncycle
Intake(aqua),
Compression(fuchsia),
Combustion(red),
Exhaust(black).
Asparkplugislocated
atthetop(green)
Astherotorturns,itsmotionandtheshapeofthehousingcauseeachsideofthehousingtogetcloserandfartherfromtherotor,compressingandexpandingthechamberssimilarlytothe"strokes"inareciprocatingengine.However,whereasafourstrokepistonengineproducesonecombustionstrokepercylinderforeverytworevolutions,thechambersoftheQuasiturbinerotorgenerateheightcombustion"strokes"pertworotorrevolutions;thisiseighttimesmorethanafour-strokespistonengine.
BecausetheQuasiturbinehasnocrankshaft,theinternalvolumevariationsdonotfollowtheusualsinusoidalenginemovements,whichprovideverydifferentcharacteristicsfromthepistonortheWankelengine.ContrarytotheWankelenginewherethecrankshaftmovestherotarypistonfaceinwardandoutward,eachQuasiturbinerotorfacerocksbackandforthinreferencetotheengineradius,butstaysataconstantdistancefromtheenginecenteratalltime,producingonlypuretangentialrotationalforces.
Thefourstrokespistonhassuchalongdeadtime,itsaveragetorqueisabout1/8ofthepeaktorque,whichdictatetherobustnessofthepistonconstruction.SincetheQuasiturbinehasnotdeadtime,averagetorqueisonly30%lowerthanthepeaktorque,andforthisreason,therelativerobustnessoftheQuasiturbineneedbeonly1/5ofthatofthepiston,allowingforanadditionalengineweightsaving...
∙WhydoesitTurn?
ThisdiagramshowtheforcevectorinaQuasiturbinewhenoneortwoopposedchambersarepressurizedeitherbyfuelcombustion,orbyexternalpressurefluids.Becausethepressurevectorsareoffcenter,theQuasiturbinerotorexperiencesanetrotationalforce.Itisthatsimple!
∙QuasiturbineasanImminentSolution
Manyresearchesaregoingontoincreaseenergyefficiencyonthelongtermwithpiston,hydrogen,fuelcell...Hybridconceptsarewaystoharvestpartofthe"lowpowerefficiencypenalty"ofthepistonengineusedinvehicle,butcounter-productivemeasureslimitthelongtermperspectiveuntiltheycouldefficientlyfuelfromtheelectricalgrid.Noneofthesesolutionsareshorttermstableandcompetitive.
TheQuasiturbineinBeaudeRocha(Otto)cycle(ModelSCwithoutcarriages)isarelativelysimpletechnologywhichcouldbewidelyusedwithinafewyearswithsubstantialefficiencybenefitsoverpistonenginesinmanyapplications.Largeutilityplantsconvertenergymoreefficientlythansmalldistributedunitsandshouldbefavoredwhenpossible,butonthelongterm,theQuasiturbinedetonationengineisoneoftheveryfewmeanstomatchutilityefficiencythedistributedway,whilebeingaschemicallycleanaspossible.
QT-AC(Withcarriages)isintendedfordetonationmode,
wherehighsurface-to-volumeratio
isafactorattenuatingtheviolenceofdetonation.
Byoppositiontodozensofnewenginedesigns,themostimportantatthistimeabouttheQuasiturbineisthefactthatitdoesunknotanewfieldofdevelopmentandoffersmeanstoachievewhatnootherenginedesignhassuggestedorisableto,andspeciallyfordetonationwherepistonenginehasfailedforover40years...
∙WhyistheQuasiturbineHydrogenEngine
superiortoconventionalICengine?
PistonDeficiencies
Pistonenginedeservesrespectandshouldnotbearbitraryandgloballycondemns.Howeverithasdeficienciesthatnooneseemstobewillingtolist?
Hereisourlistofthemainconceptualpistonenginedeficiencies:
∙The4enginestrokesshouldnotbeofequalduration.
∙Thepistonmakespositivetorqueonly17%ofthetimeanddrag83%ofthetime.
∙Thegasflowisnotunidirectional,butchangesdirectionwiththepistondirection.
∙Whilethepistondescents,theignitionthermalwavefronthashardtimetryingtocatchthegasmovinginthatsamedirection.
∙Thevalvesopenonly20%ofthetime,interruptingtheflowsatintakeandatexhaust80%ofthetime.
∙Thedurationofthepistonresttimeattopandbottomarewithoutnecessitytoolong.
∙Longtopdeadcenterconfinementtimeincreasetheheattransfertotheengineblockreducingengineefficiency.
∙Thenon-abilityofthepistontoproducemechanicalenergyimmediatelyafterthetopdeadcenter.
∙Theproximityoftheintakevalveandtheexhaustvalvepreventsagoodmixturefillingofthechamberandtheopenoverlapletsgosomeun-burntmixtureintotheexhaust.
∙Thenon-abilityofthepistontoefficientlyintakesmixturerightafterthetopdeadcenter.
∙Thepistondoesnotstandfuelpre-vaporization,butrequiresfuelpulverizationdetrimentaltocombustionqualityandenvironment.
∙Theinstantaneoustorqueimpulseisprogressive,andwouldgaintohaveaplateau.
∙Thecomponentsusefactorislow,andthosecomponentswouldgaintobemultifunctional.
∙Theaveragetorqueisonly15%ofthepeaktorque,whichimposesaconstructionrobustnessforthepeak7timestheaverage.
∙Theflywheelisaserioushandicaptoaccelerationsandtothetotalengineweight.
∙Theconnectingrodgivesanobliquepushcomponenttothepiston,whichthenrequiresalubricationofthepistonwall.
∙Thelubricantisalsoheatcoolant,whichrequiresacumbersomepan,andimposeslowengineangleorientations.
∙Theneedofcomplexsetofvalves,ofcameshaftandofinteractivesynchronizationdevices.
∙Thevalvesinertiabeingaseriouslimitationtotheenginerevolution.
∙Theheavypistonenginesrequiresomeresidualcompressedgasbeforetopdeadcentertocushionthepistonreturn.
∙Theinternalengineaccessories(likethecameshaft)useasubstantialpower.
∙Thepoorhomo-kineticgeometryimposesviolentaccelerationsandstopstothepiston.
∙Completereversaloftheflowsfromintaketoexhaust.
∙Quiteimportantnoiselevelandvibration.
∙Atlowloadfactor,theintakedepressurizationoftheOttocycledissipatespowerfromtheengine(vacuumpumpagainsttheatmosphericpressure).
Withoutbeingpretentious,thefactisthattheQuasiturbinecorrectsorimproveseachofthesedeficiencies.
SidebySide
Likethepistonengine,theQuasiturbineisavolumemodulatorofhighintensity,andactsasapositivedisplacementengine.Hereisadi