大学英语写作.docx
《大学英语写作.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语写作.docx(57页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语写作
四、六级写作的要求
四级作文和六级作文的要求基本是相同的。
1.篇幅:
120-150字
达不到字数要求的,要酌情扣1-5分;
90-99扣1分,80-90扣2分,70-79扣3分,60-69扣5分;
2.布局:
三段式
只写一段为0-4分,只写两段0-9分;
3.评分标准:
2分---条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,但多数为严重错误;
5分-基本切题。
表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误;
8分-基本切题。
有些地方表达思想不过清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误;
11分-切题。
表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误;
14分-切题。
表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。
基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错误。
例如:
1)有人认为机会是极少的
2)有人认为机会人人都有
3)我的看法
Sample1
Astotheopportunity,thereistwodifferentopinions:
first,someonethinktheopportunityislittleintheirlife.Secondly,someoneconsiderthatopportunityisexistingeverywhereeverybodyhassomekindsofchance.AccordingtomylifeexperimentandknowledgeIagreewiththesecondidea.Thereischanceforeveryoneinsomeunexpectedcase.Butifyouhasnopreparingforit,theopportunitywilllose.Thosewhohavemanypreparationandmuchknowledge,andsomegoodvirtue,mayIquiptheopportunityfirmly.Forexample,twomanareappealingforajobinacompany,andthereisonlyonevacantjobfortheonlyoneofthetwoman.How,thetwomanhasanopportunitytogetthejobbutthebosscertainlywouldacceptthegoodone.
SoIthinktheopportunityisexistingtoeveryone,butmoreopportunityisbelongstowhohasknowledge,experience,encourageandconfident.
该篇文章条理不清,思想紊乱,语言支离破碎,几乎没有正确的句子,得2分。
Sample2
Someonethinksthattheopportunityisveryfewforhimbecausehehasnevermeetthechance.Butotheronethinkstherearechanceshereandthere,theneveryonecanmeetopportunity.
Iresistthesecondopinion.Theretoaresomeopportunities,theimportantthingisthatifwecouldcatchthechancewhenwemeetit.Inourliveswehavealotofchoicethatneedustakeourheartto.Forexample,whenIwasalittleboy,myhealthwasverybad.Onedayateacheradvisemetojointhebasketballwithmyfriends.Myhealthbecomewell.SoIthinkthereareopportunitiesforeveryone.
该篇文章基本切题,但思想表达不清楚,有很多严重的语言错误,属于5分档。
Sample3
Somepeoplethinkthattheylackofopportunities,whileothersthinkthateveryonewillfacetosomeones.Iagreetothelatter.
Infact,wearelivingonthesameworld.Mostofusmustdealwithalotofthingseveryday.Somepeople'scircumstancesareeventhesame,sodotheopportunities.However,whysomeonecangraspitbutotherscannot?
Allthisdependsonthecarefulobservationandgraspingtheopportunityintime.Forinstance,westudentsinourcollege,whosecircumstancearethesame.Weallshouldstudyalotofcoursesbeforewegraduate.Butsomeofusstudyhardinordertolearnmoreandwell,whilesomedon't.Intheend,thehard-workingstudentsgetthebetterjobs.Atthattime,therearesomestudentswhohavebeenplayingallthetimewillsaythattheylackofopportunities.Asweknowthatthehard-workingstudentsmakethebestuseoftheirtimeandtheyobserveeverythingaroundthemcarefully,sothattheycangrasptheopportunitiesintime.
Inaword,theopportunityisequaltoeveryday,andwhetherwecangraspitornotiscritical.
该篇文章基本切题,有些地方表达不清,文字勉强连贯,但语言错误较多,其中有一些为严重错误。
属于11分档。
Sample4
Peoplehavedifferentviewsonopportunity.Somethinkthattherearefewopportunitiesforthemintheworld,whileothersholdthateverybodywillhavesomekindofchancesinhisorherlife.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iamforthelatter.Peoplewhoclaimthattheydon'thavegoodluckmaybethosewhoarenotabletotakechances.Maybetheyfailtorecognizeopportunitiesevenwhentheyareinfrontofthem.However,wisemencanseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforchancestoappear.Forexample,almosteverybodyhadwatchedapplesfallingfromappletrees,butonlyNewtondiscoveredtheLawofGravity.
Infact,noonecanbedeniedoftheaccesstoopportunity.Peoplemayhavegoodlucksometimes,butnoonecanbeluckyallthetime.Asasayinggoes,everydoghasitsday.Soeverybodycanhaveachancetosucceed.
Sowecanconcludethateverybodyhastheopportunitytosucceed,butitisuptohimselftotakeit.
该篇文章切题,思想表达清楚,文章结构条理,行文连贯,符合逻辑,属于14分档作文。
4.行文要求
1)切题:
统一,无不相关细节内容;
Beethoven'sdemandforperfectionmeantlongandhardwork.UnlikeMozart,hecouldn'tdashoffthreegreatsymphoniesinsixweeks.Itdoesn'tmeanhewasnotastalentedasMozart.Beethoven'smusicwasdifferentfromMozart'sSometimeheworkedyearsonasinglesymphony,writingotherworksatthesametime.Hecarriedmusicsketchbookseverywhere,jottingdownnewideas,revisingandrefiningoldones.Theseearlynotesoftenseemcrudeanduninspiredwhencomparedwiththeirfinalversions,whichwerehammeredoutthroughgreatlabor.Beethovenwasofteninpoverty,thoughheproducedgreatmusic.
本段文字中红体部分显然与主题Beethoven'sdemandforperfectionmeantlongandhardwork.无关,应该去掉。
2)条理清楚:
连贯、和谐-注意衔接语的使用
Intheirhurrytogetpracticalpreparationsforacareer,studentsoftenoverlooktheliberalartscollege.Yet,therearegoodreasonswhytheyshouldconsideraliberalartsschool,evenifgettingajobistheirmainconcern.Foronethinglearningitselfmaybemoreexcitinginaliberalartscollegefortheitscourseismoreflexiblethanthatofatechnicalschool.Thusstudentsmaydobetterintheircourseandearnhighergrades,whichwillcertainlymakethemmoreattractivetoemployers.Moreimportant,aliberalartseducationisthemostlikelytodevelopone'sabilitytothink,toread,andwrite,whichbusinessandindustryarecomingtovaluemoreandmore.Finally,studentsshouldrealizethataliberalartseducationhasalwaysbeenapreferredpathfortopprofessions:
law,medicine,government,andeducation.
3)简洁:
句子要简练;
4)准确:
减少语法错误,符合英语的表达习惯,避免汉语式英语;
5.卷面:
整洁
二、四六级英语写作类型
1.体裁:
说明文,议论文
最近几年的四六级作文的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。
说明文如:
HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview(2000,12,四级),HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation(2000,1四级),PracticeMakesPerfect,HasteMakesWaste(97,1六级)
议论文如:
Don'tHesitatetoSay"NO"(99,1四级和六级),CanMoneyBuyHappiness(95,1四级),IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?
(2000,6四级)ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?
(99,6六级),Do"LuckyNumbers"ReallyBringGoodLuck?
(98,6四级和六级)
2.段落类型:
比较/对比,列举,程序等
说明和议论文章所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照,举例、列举、因果、程序等者居多。
如:
Don'tHesitatetoSay"NO",ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively等很多四六级写作中都涉及到两种观点的对比,整体的段落类型为对照型。
PracticeMakesPerfect,HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities等可采用因果行的段落结构模式,也可以采用举例说明的结构模式。
AdvantagesofaJobInterview则应采用列举的段落扩展模式。
3.出题方式:
提纲式写作,中文提纲,一般为三句或两句;
如:
99年1月分考题
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
Don'tHesitatetoSay"NO".Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.
1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说"不"。
2.为什么有些人在该说"不"的时候不说"不"。
3.该说"不"时不说"不"的坏处。
再如:
98年一月分考题
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.
1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fakecommodities)。
为什么会有这种现象?
2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。
三、四六级英语写作模式
文章由段落组成,四六级写作的布局要求成三段式的写作模式,这就体现了由段落到篇章的结构模式。
首先,我们来看一下英语段落的写作要求。
1.段落
英语中的段落由三部分组成,即主题句、支撑细节和结论句。
篇章中的段落可以没有结论句,但是一般应该有主题句。
写作中要求
1)开门见山提出主题
如下面一篇写作:
题目:
"GoodHealth"提纲:
(1)Importanceofgoodhealth
(2)Waystokeepgoodhealth(3)Myownpractices写作中可以将文章分成三段,但注意每段主题要明确,并且于第一句中提出:
Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone.Withit,wecanstudyhard;wecanservethecountry;wecandoeverythingaswelike.Withoutgoodhealth,everybodyknows,wewillfailtodothings;wecan'tworkefficiently;wemaystayinhospitalwe'llbecomeaburdenofourfamily,etc.Inmyopinion,therearetwowaystokeepfit.First,wemusteatabalanceddiet.Thisistosay,wemusteatnotonlyeggs,fish,andmeat,butalsosomevegetablesandfruiteveryday.Besideseating,drinkingcleanwaterisalsoimportant.Nevergetaddictedtodrinkingtheso-called"softdrinks".Second,exercisingisavitalpartofourdailylife.Wecandosomerunninginthemorningandplayfootballintheafternoon.
Asauniversitystudent,Ipaymuchattentiontomyphysicalexercises.Idosomeswimminginsummerandsomeskatinginwinter.Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis.I'malsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.
2)段落扩展模式要适当
英语文章的段落结构模式主要有:
(1)比较和对照
Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolandthecollege.First,inmiddleschool,wehavetolistentowhattheteachersaysinclass,tounderstandthecontentofthetext.Butincollege,wemuststudybyourselvesbeforeclass.Ifnot,wecouldn'tfollowtheteacher.Second,therearelotsofrulesinmiddleschool.Forexample,weshouldweartheuniform,thegirlsmusthavetheirhaircutshort,andwearenotallowedtomakeboy-orgirlfriends.However,incollege,wehavemorefreedom.Wecanweartheclotheswelike.Andthegirlscouldhavelongbeautifulhair.Wearealsofreetomakeboyorgirlfriends.Thethird,inthemiddleschool,wemuststudyfirst.Thatmeanswecoulddonothingbutstudy.Incontrast,wehavetodoeverythingbyourselvesincollege.Thatmeanswemustplanourtimecarefully.Therearealsootherdifferencesbetweenourschoollifeandourcollegelife.Wehavetolearntoadaptourselvestocollegelife.?
再如:
题目:
"PositiveandNegativeAspectsofSports"提纲:
a.体育运动的好处
b.体育运动可能带来的副作用
c.我参加体育活动的体会
Sportsdousgoodinmanyrespects(TS).Itgoeswithoutsayingthattakingexercisescanbuildupourphysicalstrength.Incollectivesportslikebasketball,volleyball,orfootball,wewilllearntheimportanceofco