英语四六级阅读理解主旨题名师精解.docx

英语四六级阅读理解主旨题名师精解.docx

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英语四六级阅读理解主旨题名师精解

英语四六级阅读理解主旨题名师精解

　　主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。

（一）出题形式：

主旨大意题命题形式主要有三大类：

一类是概括中心思想（mainidea）型；一类是确定文章标题或主题（topic/title/headline）型；还有一类是询问文章的写作目的（purpose）。

　　1）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？

　　2）Whatisthetopicofthetext？

　　3）Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea？

　　4）Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe______.

　　5）Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______.

　　6）Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext？

　　7）Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage？

　　8）Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis______.

　　9）Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassageis______.

（二）答案位置：

大部分文章都有主题句（topicsentence），主题句表达了文章的中心思想（mainidea），找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。

因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。

主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：

　　1）在开头出现；

　　2）在结尾出现；

　　3）在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；

　　4）有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

（三）实战演练

　　1.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketine,IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydough（面团）coveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestifthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinourrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloseandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthesoughtodoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast（酵母）madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughtitwerebreathing.Itlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.IcouldseewhyDougwasshaken.Ihadtoadmitwhatthe“livingthing”wasandwhyitwasthere.Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed（尴尬）bythewholething–Dougorme.

Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis___________

　　a.totellaninterestingexperience.

　　b.Toshowtheeasiestwayoutofadifficulty.

　　c.Todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwoman

　　d.Toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks

　　2Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker---itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocessissimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.

　　ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesof“perfectinformation”,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan’thideanythingorplaytricks;theydon’twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof“imperfectinformation”,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.

　　Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitthereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactorswhichwouldevenpuzzlebestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.

　　Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____

　　a.theprocessofreachingdecision

　　b.thedifferencebetweenpokerandchess

　　c.thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplans

　　d.thevalueofinformationinwinninggames

　　3Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious,Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.

　　Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary（暂时的）.Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexampleafamilyproblem,thedeathofalovesone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.

　　Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unlikethesecondtype,chronic（长期的）lonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.

　　Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts,e.g.friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport;ourparentssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.

　　Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplefortworeasons:

theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillness

suchasheartdisease.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeanormal,healthypartoflife,chroniclonelinesscanbeaverysad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.

　　Thetopicofthe4thparagraphisthat_________.

　　a.oneproblemoflonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts

　　b.wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons

　　c.lonelypeopledon’thavemanysocialproblems

　　d.lonelypeopledon’thavemanyfriends

　　Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　　a.ThreeKindsofLoneliness.

　　b.LonelinessandDiseases

　　c.LonelinessandSocialContacts

　　d.ChronicLoneliness.

4．Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute（垃圾道）?

Youwon’tbeforlong.Miami’sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethechuteandcycle,too.

　　InShantzis’Hi-RiseRecyclingsystem,achuteleadstoapip-shapedcontainerwithsixboxesthatcanturnaroundwhenoperated.Thesystem,whichfitsinthesamespaceasthechuteandcontainernowinuse,enables,glass,plastics,paper,metal,andotherrubbishtogointoseparateboxes.

　　Thesystemiscontrolledfromaboardfoxednexttothechutedoor.Theboardhasabuttonforeachclassofrecyclingmaterials.Atthepressofabutton,amicrocomputerlocksallotherfloors’chutedoorsandsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenon-recyclables.

　　Sorting（分类）recyclablesbeforetheyarecollectedsavestheuseofexpensivematerialsrecoveryequipmentwhichotherwisehastodothesorting.Suchequipmentoftenmakesrecycledmaterialsveryexpensive,soexpensivethattonesofrecyclablesremainwasted.Shantzisbelieveshissystemcouldhelprecycledmaterialsbecomemorecost-effective.

　　Thepurposeinwritingthistextis_________.

　　Atoencouragepeopletorecycletheirrubbish.

　　Btointroducearecyclingsystemforhighrises

　　Ctodescribetheuseofcomputertechnologyinrecycling

　　Dtoexplaintheneedforrubbishcollectioninhighrise

　　5Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment-friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.

　　However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese,“Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?

”“Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?

”

　　Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit,thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangedthewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green”,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.

Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.

　　Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwillthepubicaccepttheoldattitudeof“buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.”