非谓语doing.docx
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非谓语doing
非谓语doing
非谓语Doing
1.引入:
回顾什么叫非谓语,即非谓语动词使用条件:
一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(一副主谓),又没有连词(并列连词和从属连词)的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,这个动词就要使用非谓语动词形式。
Iloveyou.
Iloveyoubutyoudontloveme.
Ilovetheboywhodoesn'tloveme.
Cherryenjoyssing.?
?
?
2.非谓语动词形式todo表未作的事情,表目的
Doing表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)
Done被动
Eg.Cherryenjoyssinging(暗含经常发生)
Eg.IsawXXsittingthere.(表正在进行)
1.分解doing:
Doing表正在进行或客观规律(经常发生)
2.Doing的时态和语态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常要用完成式,否则都用一般式。
如:
Weareinterestedinplayingchess.
Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.
及物动词
不及物动词
主动
被动
主动
一般时
doing
beingdone
doing
完成时
havingdone
havingbeendone
havingdone
1.分词的时态
1、与主语动词同时。
如:
Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.
AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing
答案:
B
2、先于主语动词
分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。
如:
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.
Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.
做完作业,他出去散步。
______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
ANotreceivingBReceivingnot
CNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived
答案:
C
2.分词的语态
1、通常情况下,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
如:
Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebook他就是给你书的那个人
Sheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。
像:
gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等词。
如:
aretiredperson一个退休的人afallenball一个落下来的球
aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴
3.doing的运用
1、作主语
谓语用单数。
It代替动名词作主语,常用于如下结构:
It’snogood/usedoing···如:
Seeingisbelieving.
Playingwithfireisdangerous.It’snogoodwaitinghere.
练一练:
1.__________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.
A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned
2.Itisnogood__________.Youshouldgive_________.
A.tosmoke,itupB.smoking,itup
C.smoking,upitD.tosmoke,upit
3.Doyouconsideritanygood__________again?
A.totryB.tryC.tryingD.foryoutotry
4.Idon’tthinkit’smuchgood__________tohim.
A.writingB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.beingwritten
5.__________theassignmentmadehisfatherlosehistemper.
A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.Theboynothavingdone
C.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone
6.Idon’tremember__________aboutit.
A.himtellingusB.histellingus
C.himtotellusD.hetellsus
7.Thereportwasso__________thattheywereall__________.
A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excited
C.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting
8.Heseems__________hereforthreeyears.
A.tobelivingB.tohavelived
C.tohavebeenlivedD.tolive
9.---“What’smadeyousoupset?
”
---“_________threeticketstothepopmusicconcert.”
A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseoflosingD.SinceIlost
Keys:
BBCAABBBB
2、作宾语(做动词宾语和介词宾语)
Ienjoylisteningtomusic/Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening.
Heisfondofplayingbasketball/Hehasgivenupsmoking.
只能接doing作宾语的动词口诀:
禁不住喜欢介意(嫉妒)。
不喜欢否认,就承认。
建议练习逃避冒险。
考虑原谅彼此,坚持就能成功(完成)。
对此感激不尽。
can’thelp禁不住/can’tstand无法忍受enjoy喜欢mind介意/envy嫉妒,
dislike不喜欢deny否认,admit承认吧,advise建议suggest建议、practise训练avoid避免escape逃避risk冒险Appreciateconsider考虑excuse原谅、宽恕,forgive原谅Keep坚持成功succeed
giveup放弃,putoff推迟,devoteto(to为介词)致力于···,
lookforwardto期望、盼望,stickto坚持,beusedto习惯于,objectto反对,
bebusy忙于···,feelike想要···besurprisedat对……感到惊讶beproudof以……为骄傲succeedin在某方面成功beafraidof害怕
(1)只能接不定式作宾语的动词:
happen碰巧,offer主动提出,promise答应,agree同意,refuse拒绝,decide决定,determine决定、决心,pretend假装,fail未能够,learn,wish希望,hope,expect,afford负担得起。
(2)接doing和不定式均可意义不同的动词:
forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等
Stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做
Forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过
Remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过
Regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过
Trytodo企图做,尽力做trydoing试着做
Goontodo继续做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事)
Meantodo打算做meandoing意味做
(3)Need,require,want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,beworth也有类似用法。
如:
Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.
练一练:
1)Markoftenattemptstoescape____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.
A)havingbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfinedC)tobefinedD)beingfined
2)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.
A)tohaveheardB)tohearC)forhearingD)hearing
3)Thethieftookawaythewoman'swalletwithout____.
A)beingseenB)seeingC)himseeingD)seeinghim
4)Peopleappreciate____withimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.(CET-41998,1)
A)toworkB)tohaveworkedC)workingD)haveworking
5)I'veenjoyed____totalkwithyou.
A)tobeableB)beingableC)tobeenableD)ofbeingable
6)Noonecanavoid____byadvertisements.
A)tobeinfluencedB)beinginfluencedC)influencingD)havinginfluence
7)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.
A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouse
C)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse
8)Hethoughtthat____.
A)theeffortdoingthejobwasnotworthB)theeffortwasnotworthindoingthejob
C)itwasnotworththeeffortdoingthejobD)itwasnotworththeeffortbydoingthejob
9)IfIhadremembered____thedoor,thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen.
A)tolockB)lockingC)tohavelockedD)havinglocked
10)Yourshirtneeds____.You'dbetterhaveitdonetoday.
A)ironB)toironC)ironingD)beingironed
Key:
DDACB,BCCAC
3、作表语
此时的doing可以和主语调换位置。
如:
Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild.
4、作定语
(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。
如:
Thesleepingboyismyson./
Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.
Alostopportunityneverreturns./Heisaretiredworker.
(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。
如:
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.
Thereisnothinginteresting.
5.做宾语补足语:
分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。
如:
Ismellsomethingburning./Iheardhimsingingthesong.
Iheardmynamecalled./Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.
Ifoundmycarmissing.
I’llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
练一练:
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout
6.作状语
doing和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
AsIdidn’treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(条件)
Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.
Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴随)
注意:
(1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。
如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
试比较:
(Being)Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
(2)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。
现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
高考链接:
1.Thecheerfulandoptimisticrabbitthrewhimselfintolookingforthecarrot,______(dig)hereandthere,totallyconvincedthathewouldfindit.Butthedog,aftersniffing(2012一模)
2.Thedinosaurwasforcedtoadaptandevolvedintoasmalleranimal____(need)lessspaceandfood.(2010一模)
3.Hehadalreadypassedsixtyofthestages_____(lead)tohiscertaingoal,thetomb.(2011高考)
4.scientistMartinSander’sworkshowsthattheywereprobablyfully____(grow)andbelongtothesmallestgiantdinosaurspecieseverfound.(2010高考)
Exercise:
单项选择:
1.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketball,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.
AthinkingBthinkCtothinkDthought
2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.
Aworking;stoppingBtowork;stopping
Cworking;tostopDtowork;tostop
3.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways______herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.
AgetsBgotCtogetDgetting
4.Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.
AdoBtodoCdoingDanddoing
5.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom,smilingand______,and______downtohavetheirlessons.
Atalked;satBtalking;sittingCtalking;satDtalked;sitting
6.WiththemagazineAnExpressWaytoEnglish______us,wehaveimprovedourlanguageskillsalot.
AhelpingBhelpedChashelpedDtohelp
7.Acommunicativesatellite______asmuchas3.5tonswassentupintospacelastweek.
AweighingBweighedCtobeweighedDbeingweighed
8.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold
9.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman______inbed,dead.
A.lyingB.lieC.layD.Laying
10.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithtalks,_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.Added
11._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
12.Whenpassingmehepretended______me.
A.toseeB.nothavingseenC.tohavenotseenD.nottohaveseen
13.Hestillremembers______toShanghaiwhenhewasveryyoung.
A.takingB.beingtakenC.takenD.havingtaken
14.______therailwaystation,wehadabreak,only______thetrainhadleft.
A.Arrivingat;tofindB.Comingto;discoveringthat
C.Onarrivingat;findingoutD.Hurryingto;tohavefoundout
15.Withtheboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.
A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;tolead
C.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led
16.______thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeingand______fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglo