LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion直译和意译.docx

LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion直译和意译.docx

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LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion直译和意译

[THESIS]

Howtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper?

[INTRODUCTION]Peopleoftendiscussliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Welaystressonhowtohandletwodifferentkindsoflanguage.Andwhichwayoftranslationisbettertousetotranslationasentence.Especially,targetlanguagemustexpresswhatsourcelanguagemeams,distortionisnotallowed.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomainformsoftranslation.Theyarenotrepulsive,contrarily,theyarecomplementary.Translationliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.Literaltranslationretainsoriginalskill.Soitisgetonfororiginal.Whenliteraltranslation,encountersomeobstades,peopleoftenusefreetranslation.

Freetranslationexpressesgeneralideaoftheoriginal,andcanbeacceptedbyreaders.Agoodtranslationcompositioncontainsliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.

[CONTENT]1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.

2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.

2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.

3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?

3.1Ifithassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.

3.2Donnotaddpersonalenmotiontotheoriginalworks.

3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.[CONCLUTION]Ifuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsuccessintranslatingacomposition.[KEYWORDS]Literaltranslation/Freetranslation/Sourcelanguage/Targerlanguage/Word-for-word/Original 1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsandtranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,matapheroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnatually,expressthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.Whentranslating,shouldnotuseliteraltranslationcompletelyorusefreetranslationcompletely.Accordingtothepassagewhichyouaretranslating,youshoulduseliteraltranslationfrequentlyandusefreetranslationwhenneccessary.

Butwhatkindoftranslationisliteraltranslation?

Andwhatkindoftranslationisfreetranslation?

Forexample:

①

1）Don'tlockthestabledoorafterthehourseshasbeenstolen.

Literaltranslation:

不要等马被盗后,才去锁楖门.

Freetranslation:

不要贼走关门.

2）Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.

Literaltranslation:

砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散.

Freetranslation:

砸镜子并不能解决实际问题.

Formtheexample1）,freetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.Fromtheexample2）,literaltranslationisbetterthanfreetranslation.Buthowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

Thereisasentence:

"Translateliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation."2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.Whytranslate,ifpossible?

Whatistheadvantageofliteraltranslation?

Generally,rhetoricisoftenusedinapassagetomakethepassagelively.Literaltranslationretainstherhetoricoftheoriginal,soitislivelyastheoriginal.Butfreetranslationonlyexpressesthegeneralideaoforiginal,livelyrhetoricoftheoriginaldisappeared.Sogenerallyspeaking,literaltranslationisagoodchoiceintranslation.Forexample:

②

3）FormafatherknowandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadefree.

Literaltranslation:

因为我父亲知道,我也知道,只要挖到一定程度,早晚可以在这里辟出个牧场的.

Freetranslation:

因为我父亲知道,我也知道,功到自然成.

4）ForKinoandJuanathiswasthemeaningofmorningoftheirlives,comparableonlytothedaywhenthebabyhadbeenborn.

Literaltranslation:

在Kino和Juana看来,这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨,只有宝宝出生的那一天,才可以与之媲美.

Freetranslation:

Kino和Juana以为,这一天非常重要.Freetranslationofexamples3）and4）,onlyexpressthegeneralideaoftheoriginalsentences.Itistoosimple.Metaphoranddiscribtionoftheoriginalsentenceshavadissappeared.Afterfreetranslation,itwasinferioranddull.Soitisundesirable.Buttheliteraltranslationofexample3）and4）isclearerthanthefreetranslation.Actually,literaltranslationisthechiefwayoftranslation.Itisclosetotheoriginal,livelyandnatural.Itisacceptable.Acceptablenessisveryimportantintranslation.Fromtheoryoftranslationangle,translationisatheroywhichusestargetlanguagetoexpresstheidea,contentandstyleofsourcelanguage.Itshouldaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage.Translationnotonlydoesexpresstheideaandstyleoftheoriginalmessage,butalsoneedtoaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcaneasybeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Becausethedifferencesoftwolanguages,sometimesitisdifficulttoretaintheideaandstyleofthesourcelanguage.Theadvantageofliteraltranslationisthatalmostlyretaintheideaandstyleoftheoriginal.Somostoftranslatorsliketouseliteraltranslation.

Fromallabove,thatisthereasonof"translateliterally,ifpossible."2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.Atfirst,whichkindoftranslationisword-for-wordtranslation?

Word-for-wordtranslationisthat:

Whentranslating,considereverywords.Everywordsofsourcelanguageistranslatedcooridnatly.Forexample:

③

5）Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.

Word-for-wordtranslation:

那是一个又老又破的月亮.

6）Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Word-for-wordtranslation:

他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣.

Fromtheexample5）and6）,weknowword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotdoanychangestosourcelanguage.Theformisclosetotheoriginal,butitdoesnotexpressthemeaningofthesourcelanguage.Strictlyspeaking,itisnottranslation.Nevertheless,sometranslationwhichdidsomechangetosourcelanguageandthestructureoftargetlanguageisalsothesameassourcelanguage,thetranslationissmooth,butthemeaningandthestylearefarfromtheoriginal,usually,targetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatitsaid.Thisisalsoword-for-wordtranslation.Forexample:

④

7）Everyatomofyourfleshisasdeartomeasmyown:

inpainandsicknessitwouldstillbedear.

Word-for-wordtranslation:

你的肉中的每一个原子，对我来说，都像我自己一样亲；即使在病痛中，仍然是亲的.

8）Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybegintobreathe.

Word-for-wordtranslation:

当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命.Translationof7）and8）aresmooth.ButtheydonotaccordwiththeexpressivewayofChinese.Itisword-for-wordtranslation.Fromallabove,word-for-wordtranslationissostarchy,goesaftertheformofsourcelanguagethatitneverthinkoftheeffectoftargetlanguage.Becauseword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,itisobscure,hardtounderstanditevenmakestargetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatdoestranslatorwanttoexpress.Word-for-wordtranslationmakestargetlanguagereadersconfused.Itisunqualifiedtranslation.Literaltranslationalsokeepsthegeneralformofsourcelanguage,andkeepsthestructureandthemetaphoroftheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationdoesmakesomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguagesmooth,cleanandacceptable.Afterreading,targetlanguagereaderscanhavealmostthesamefeelingasthesourcelanguagereaders.Butword-for-wordtranslationonlytranslatewordbyword,itisstiffandunitelligible.Qualityofliteraltranslationisgood.Word-for-wordtranslationisinferior.Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslationcangivedifferentfeelingtotargetlanguagereaders.Alltranslationwhichishardtoaccept,whichhavebadeffect,whichmessageisindistinct,whichmeaningisfarfromtheoriginalisword-for-wordtranslation.Thiskindoftranslationisabortive.Sometranslationthoughthatalltranslationkeepstheformoftheoriginalisliteraltranslation.Thatiserroneous.Theyconfusetheconceptionofliteraltranslationwithword-for-wordtranslation.Thesetranslatorstranslatelikethis:

first,theylookupthemeaningofeverywordofsourcelanguageindictionary.Then,theycombinethemeaningofeveryword,neverdoanychange.Theydonotknowwhattranslationis,soword-for-wordtranslationemerge.Butexcellenttranslatorsknowthemeaningoftheoriginal.Whentranslating,theydosomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguageclearer,smoothandacceptable.Theyknowthedifferencebetweenword-for-wordtranslationandliteraltranslation.Theycanuseliteraltranslationproperly,itisaskilloftranslation.

Allinall.literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Literaltranslationisacceptableandnimble.2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.Somesourcelanguagesentencesareverydifficulttotranslateliterally.Itonlythoughofthemeaningofsurface,translateitliterally,th