中考英语复习被动语态语法归纳.docx
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中考英语复习被动语态语法归纳
中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳
中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳
概念:
英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成。
一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态,汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义。
构成:
被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此。
各种时态形式表如下:
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are+P.P.(过去分词)
am/is/are+being+P.P.
has/have+been+P.P.
过去
was/were+P.P.
was/were+being+P.P.
had+been+P.P.
将来
shall/will+be+P.P.
另:
含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+P.P.”
不定式的被动语态构成为“tobedone”
1.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.(一般现在时)
2.Whowasthisarticlewrittenby?
(一般过去时)
3.Animportantmeetingwillbeheldinourschool.(一般将来时)
4.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinthecity.(现在进行时)
5.Everythinghasbeendonebyhimsofar.(现在完成时)
6.Somethingmustbedonetoprotectwildanimals.(情态动词)
使用范围:
①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者
Thesebooksarewrittenforchildren./Wewereaskedtosingasong.
②强调动作的承受者,这时可带有by引起的短语。
Moretreesmustbeplantedbyusnextyear.
AnewmachinewasinventedbyUncleWanglastmonth.
③当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态
Thewholevillagewaswashedawaybytheflood.
④表示客观的说明常用“It’s+过去分词”句型。
ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.
这类句型有:
It’ssaidthat….据说……
It’sreportedthat….据报道……
It’sbelievedthat….大家相信……
主动变被动4大步骤:
1、把原主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语,如为代词,宾格形式须变为主格形式。
2、把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持
不变。
3、原主动语态中的主语如需要则放在by后面变成by的宾语,如为代词,主格形式须变为宾格形式,
如不需要则可省略。
4、其它成分(定语、状语)不变。
Everybodylikesthisgirl.----Thisgirlislikedbyeverybody.
Hewrotealetter.----Aletterwaswrittenbyhim.
被动语态注意事项:
1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。
在主动语态中,如果感官动词和使役动词后面的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不带to,但在被动语态中要带to。
Isawhimclimbupthehill.
Hewasseentoclimbupthehill.
Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.
Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.
2、主动语态中若有两个宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个宾语不变。
主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,常为for或to。
例如:
1. Wegavehimsomebooks.
Hewasgivensomebooks(byus).或Somebooksweregiventohim(byus).
2. Hegavemeabook. Abookwasgiventomebyhim.
3. Heshowedmeaticket. Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.
4. Myfatherboughtmeanewbike. Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
5. Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.
Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.
6. Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.
Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.
3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
Wecan’tlaughathim. Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.
Helistenstotheradioeveryday. Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.
Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman. Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.
4、主动语态中如有复合宾语,变为被动语态时,只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语变成主语,其余部分不变。
例如:
Theyaskedhimtotakethemedicine. Hewasaskedtotakethemedicine.
Wefoundhimworkinginthefields. Hewasfoundworkinginthefields.
不使用被动语态的几种情况:
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如:
appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,
spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.例如:
Whatwashappenedtohim?
(错误)
Whathappenedtohim?
(正确)
2、系动词(包括感官动词)无被动语态(keep除外),用主动形式表示被动意义。
如:
appear,be,
become,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn。
Theflowersmellssweet.
Thedishtastesdelicious.
Theclothfeelsverysoft.
Itsoundsgood.
3、有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
Thispenwriteswell.
Thisnewbooksellswell.
4、want,need,require,worth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
例如:
Thechildrenneedlookingafter.
Thetablewantscleaning.
〖同步强化〗
A.用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. I__________(tell)togiveatalkyesterday.
2. Thesong___________(write)byaworkerandnowit_________(become)verypopular.
3. We___________(make)atriptotheWestLakeassoonasthework__________(finish).
4. TheGreatWall___________(know)allovertheworld.
5. Hesaid,“Yourbooksmust__________(take)careof.”
6. TheTVplay___________(show)whenwegothome.
7. Thetallbuilding________(put)uplastyear.
8. Thestreetlights_________usually_________(turn)onat7:
00pminsummer.
9. Thissong_________(notlike)byeverybody.
10. He_________(give)atickettothefilm.
11. Mostsciencebooks_________(write)inEnglish.
12. Acomputer_________often______(use)inthebank.
13. Canrice_______(grow)inwater?
14. Howmanyholeswill___________(dig)tomorrow?
15. Thispicture__________(look)nice.
16. ----I’dliketobuythatcoat.----I’msorryit________(sell)out.
17. ----What_________(happen)tohim?
-----Hefelloffhisbikeandhurthimself.
18. Thestudentswasmade__________(do)alotofhomeworkeveryday.
19. Thisbook____________(sell)wellonthemarket.
20. Yourcoatneeds______________(wash).
单项选择:
( )1.Thelibrarybooks_______ontime.
A.return B.must C.mustbereturned D.returned
( )2.Theboyisalwaysmade_______hisfaceinthemorning.
A.wash B.towash C.washing D.washed
( )3.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe_______on.
A.willoperate B.willbeoperated
C.operated D.wasoperated
( )4.Thematch______.Let’sgotowatchit.
A.isholding B.held C.isbeingheld D.washeld
( )5.AtalkonChinesehistory_______intheschoolnextweek.
A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive
( )6.What______thisdictionary_______?
A.does;call B.is;called C.does;called D.is;call
( )7.English_______inmanycountries.
A.isspeaking B.isspoken C.speaks D.speak
( )8.----When______thestory______?
----Amonthago.
A.was;happened B.did;happen
C.is;happened D.does;happen
( )9.Alotofnewroads_____builtinthewestofChina.
A.must B.mustbe C.has D.have
( )10.Themedicine______cool,cleananddry.
A.mustkeep B.mustbekept C.mustbecarried D.mustbein
( )11.Inourcampus,rubbish________everywhere.(泰州)
A.mustn’tbeput B.needn’tbeput C.can’tput D.maynotput
( )12.Thetreesmust_______threetimesaweek.(长沙)
A.water B.iswatering C.bewatered D.waters
( )13.Peoplecan_____runningeverywhere.Doyouknowwhat____?
(镇江)
A.see;hashappened B.see;happens
C.beseen;ishappened D.beseen;ishappening
( )14.Theboy_______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretold B.wastold C.istelling D.tells
( )15.----DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?
----No,I_______.(北京)
A.amnotinvited B.wasn’tinvited
C.haven’tinvited D.didn’tinvite
( )16.BothLilyandLucy_______tothepartyyesterday.(黑龙江)
A.invited B.wasinvited C.hadinvited D.wereinvited
( )17.Alotoffood_____tothatcountryafterthewarwasover.(南通)
A.wassent B.aresent C.issending D.sent
( )18.----When_____thiskindofcomputer______?
(宁波)
----Twoyearsago.
A.was;used B.did;use C.is;used D.does;use
( )19.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.(天津)
A.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive
( )20.Chinese_______bythelargestnumberofpeople.(长沙)
A.speak B.isspeaking C.speaks D.isspoken
( )21.----Butwherearethebooks?
(武汉)
----Don’tworry.They_______hereinnotime.
A.havesent B.willbesent
C.aresending D.havebeensent
( )22.Man-madesatelliteshave________intospacebymanycountries.
A.sentup B.besentup C.sendup D.beensentup
( )23.Thewindowsofourclassroom________onceaweek.
A.iscleaned B.arecleaned C.Wascleaned D.becleaned
( )24Astrangenoise_______byMrHenrylastnight.
A.heard B.isheard C.Hadheard D.washeard
( )25.Milk,meat,eggsandvegetables_____onthefarm.
A.produce B.areproduced C.produced D.wasproduced
( )26.Howmanykilosofmilk_____producedonGreenLakeFarmlastyear?
A.are B.was C.had D.be
( )27.Sheisoften______tidyinguptheclassroom.
A.seeing B.seen C.saw D.sees
( )28.----I’dliketobuythatcoat.----I’msorry______.
A.itsold B.it’sselling C.it’sbeensold D.ithadbeensold
( )29.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.
A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup
C.aretakenplace,aresetup
D.weretakenplace,weresetup
( )30.Thispicture______verynice.
A.looks B.islooked C.look D.islooking
( )31.Thisstory_____inParisbeforetheFirstworldWar.
A.happens B.was