中考英语复习被动语态语法归纳.docx

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中考英语复习被动语态语法归纳.docx

中考英语复习被动语态语法归纳

中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳

中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳

概念:

英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成。

被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成。

一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态,汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义。

 

构成:

被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。

被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。

疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此。

各种时态形式表如下:

 

一般时态

进行时态

完成时态

现在

am/is/are+P.P.(过去分词)

am/is/are+being+P.P.

has/have+been+P.P.

过去

was/were+P.P.

was/were+being+P.P.

had+been+P.P.

将来

shall/will+be+P.P.

 

 

另:

含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+P.P.”

   不定式的被动语态构成为“tobedone”

1.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.(一般现在时)

2.Whowasthisarticlewrittenby?

(一般过去时)

3.Animportantmeetingwillbeheldinourschool.(一般将来时)

4.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinthecity.(现在进行时)

5.Everythinghasbeendonebyhimsofar.(现在完成时)

6.Somethingmustbedonetoprotectwildanimals.(情态动词)

 

使用范围:

①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者

   Thesebooksarewrittenforchildren./Wewereaskedtosingasong.

②强调动作的承受者,这时可带有by引起的短语。

   Moretreesmustbeplantedbyusnextyear.

   AnewmachinewasinventedbyUncleWanglastmonth.

③当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态

   Thewholevillagewaswashedawaybytheflood.

④表示客观的说明常用“It’s+过去分词”句型。

   ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.

   这类句型有:

   It’ssaidthat….据说……

   It’sreportedthat….据报道……

   It’sbelievedthat….大家相信……

 

主动变被动4大步骤:

1、把原主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语,如为代词,宾格形式须变为主格形式。

2、把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持

     不变。

3、原主动语态中的主语如需要则放在by后面变成by的宾语,如为代词,主格形式须变为宾格形式,

    如不需要则可省略。

4、其它成分(定语、状语)不变。

     Everybodylikesthisgirl.----Thisgirlislikedbyeverybody.

     Hewrotealetter.----Aletterwaswrittenbyhim.

 

被动语态注意事项:

1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。

在主动语态中,如果感官动词和使役动词后面的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不带to,但在被动语态中要带to。

Isawhimclimbupthehill.   

Hewasseentoclimbupthehill.

Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.

Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.

 

2、主动语态中若有两个宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个宾语不变。

主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,常为for或to。

例如:

1.        Wegavehimsomebooks.

           Hewasgivensomebooks(byus).或Somebooksweregiventohim(byus).

2.        Hegavemeabook. Abookwasgiventomebyhim.

3.        Heshowedmeaticket. Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

4.        Myfatherboughtmeanewbike. Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.

5.        Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.

           Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

6.        Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.

           Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.

 

3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

Wecan’tlaughathim. Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.

Helistenstotheradioeveryday. Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman. Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

 

4、主动语态中如有复合宾语,变为被动语态时,只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语变成主语,其余部分不变。

例如:

Theyaskedhimtotakethemedicine. Hewasaskedtotakethemedicine.

Wefoundhimworkinginthefields. Hewasfoundworkinginthefields.

 

不使用被动语态的几种情况:

1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态。

如:

appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,

spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.例如:

Whatwashappenedtohim?

(错误)

Whathappenedtohim?

(正确)

 

2、系动词(包括感官动词)无被动语态(keep除外),用主动形式表示被动意义。

如:

appear,be,

become,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn。

Theflowersmellssweet.

Thedishtastesdelicious.

Theclothfeelsverysoft.

Itsoundsgood.

 

3、有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

Thispenwriteswell.

Thisnewbooksellswell.

 

4、want,need,require,worth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

例如:

Thechildrenneedlookingafter.

Thetablewantscleaning.

 

〖同步强化〗

A.用所给动词的适当形式填空:

1.        I__________(tell)togiveatalkyesterday.

2.        Thesong___________(write)byaworkerandnowit_________(become)verypopular.

3.        We___________(make)atriptotheWestLakeassoonasthework__________(finish).

4.        TheGreatWall___________(know)allovertheworld.

5.        Hesaid,“Yourbooksmust__________(take)careof.”

6.        TheTVplay___________(show)whenwegothome.

7.        Thetallbuilding________(put)uplastyear.

8.        Thestreetlights_________usually_________(turn)onat7:

00pminsummer.

9.        Thissong_________(notlike)byeverybody.

10.    He_________(give)atickettothefilm.

11.    Mostsciencebooks_________(write)inEnglish.

12.    Acomputer_________often______(use)inthebank.

13.    Canrice_______(grow)inwater?

14.    Howmanyholeswill___________(dig)tomorrow?

15.    Thispicture__________(look)nice.

16.    ----I’dliketobuythatcoat.----I’msorryit________(sell)out.

17.    ----What_________(happen)tohim?

-----Hefelloffhisbikeandhurthimself.

18.    Thestudentswasmade__________(do)alotofhomeworkeveryday.

19.    Thisbook____________(sell)wellonthemarket.

20.    Yourcoatneeds______________(wash). 

单项选择:

(  )1.Thelibrarybooks_______ontime.

   A.return              B.must                C.mustbereturned             D.returned

(  )2.Theboyisalwaysmade_______hisfaceinthemorning.

   A.wash           B.towash        C.washing               D.washed

(  )3.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe_______on.

   A.willoperate                               B.willbeoperated

   C.operated                                 D.wasoperated

(  )4.Thematch______.Let’sgotowatchit.

   A.isholding      B.held              C.isbeingheld         D.washeld

(  )5.AtalkonChinesehistory_______intheschoolnextweek.

   A.isgiven         B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven         D.willgive

(  )6.What______thisdictionary_______?

   A.does;call      B.is;called        C.does;called          D.is;call

(  )7.English_______inmanycountries.

   A.isspeaking   B.isspoken        C.speaks                 D.speak

(  )8.----When______thestory______?

----Amonthago.

   A.was;happened                           B.did;happen 

   C.is;happened                             D.does;happen

(  )9.Alotofnewroads_____builtinthewestofChina.

   A.must                B.mustbe            C.has                  D.have

(  )10.Themedicine______cool,cleananddry.

  A.mustkeep     B.mustbekept  C.mustbecarried D.mustbein

(  )11.Inourcampus,rubbish________everywhere.(泰州)

  A.mustn’tbeput  B.needn’tbeput   C.can’tput D.maynotput

(  )12.Thetreesmust_______threetimesaweek.(长沙)

  A.water            B.iswatering        C.bewatered    D.waters

(  )13.Peoplecan_____runningeverywhere.Doyouknowwhat____?

(镇江)

  A.see;hashappened                             B.see;happens  

  C.beseen;ishappened                         D.beseen;ishappening

(  )14.Theboy_______togetsupperreadyafterschool.

  A.weretold      B.wastold        C.istelling        D.tells

(  )15.----DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?

----No,I_______.(北京)

  A.amnotinvited                            B.wasn’tinvited  

  C.haven’tinvited                            D.didn’tinvite

(  )16.BothLilyandLucy_______tothepartyyesterday.(黑龙江)

  A.invited          B.wasinvited    C.hadinvited    D.wereinvited

(  )17.Alotoffood_____tothatcountryafterthewarwasover.(南通)

  A.wassent       B.aresent         C.issending      D.sent

(  )18.----When_____thiskindofcomputer______?

 (宁波)

           ----Twoyearsago.

  A.was;used      B.did;use         C.is;used         D.does;use

(  )19.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.(天津)

  A.begiven        B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven  D.willgive

(  )20.Chinese_______bythelargestnumberofpeople.(长沙)

  A.speak            B.isspeaking    C.speaks          D.isspoken

(  )21.----Butwherearethebooks?

(武汉)

          ----Don’tworry.They_______hereinnotime.

  A.havesent                                  B.willbesent    

  C.aresending                                D.havebeensent

(  )22.Man-madesatelliteshave________intospacebymanycountries.

  A.sentup             B.besentup         C.sendup     D.beensentup

(  )23.Thewindowsofourclassroom________onceaweek.

  A.iscleaned      B.arecleaned    C.Wascleaned  D.becleaned

(  )24Astrangenoise_______byMrHenrylastnight.

  A.heard        B.isheard            C.Hadheard         D.washeard

(  )25.Milk,meat,eggsandvegetables_____onthefarm.

  A.produce  B.areproduced     C.produced      D.wasproduced

(  )26.Howmanykilosofmilk_____producedonGreenLakeFarmlastyear?

  A.are               B.was              C.had               D.be

(  )27.Sheisoften______tidyinguptheclassroom.

  A.seeing    B.seen              C.saw              D.sees

(  )28.----I’dliketobuythatcoat.----I’msorry______.

  A.itsold  B.it’sselling      C.it’sbeensold  D.ithadbeensold

(  )29.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.

  A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

  B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

  C.aretakenplace,aresetup

   D.weretakenplace,weresetup

(  )30.Thispicture______verynice.

  A.looks        B.islooked           C.look                 D.islooking

(  )31.Thisstory_____inParisbeforetheFirstworldWar.

  A.happens  B.was

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