(完整版)2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

(完整版)2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

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昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）

考试科目代码：

1111考试科目名称：

英语

试题适用招生专业：

全校

考生答题须知

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请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

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PartII StructureandVocabulary （15points）

Directions:

Inthispart,therearefifteenincompletesentences.ForeachsentencefouralternativesA,B,CorDaregiven.DecidewhichofthealternativesbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourANSWERSHEET.

1.Itisrather______thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

A.misleading B.boring C.embarrassingD.demanding

2.Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s______policies.

A.economical B.economic C.economy D.economics

3.Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot______.

A.onview B.ataglance C.onthescene D.insight

4.Beingimpatientis______withbeingagoodteacher.

A.intrinsic B.ingeniousC.incompatibleD.inherent

5.Shewasso______inherjobthatshedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.

A.attracted B.absorbed C.drawn D.concentrated

6.JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI______.

A.cuthimshort B.gavehimup C.turnedhimout D.puthimthrough

7.WhenJackwaseighteenhe______goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

A.tookto B.tookup C.tookfor D.tookon

8.Youseethelightning______ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

A.theinstant B.foraninstant C.ontheinstant D.inaninstant

9.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems______towardsbrightstudents.

A.preferable B.partial C.beneficial D.liable

10.Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora______.

A.concession B.submissionC.transmission D.recession

11.Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand______.

A.vivacious B.perilous C.introverted D.lucrative

12.BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so______athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

A.shrewd B.foxy C.considerate D.adroit

昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题

13.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply______everycheatinthemarketplace.

A.inlieuofB.forthepriceofC.bycourtesyofD.atthemercyof

14.Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat______attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

A.annoyanceB.resentmentC.offenceD.irritation

15.Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery______.

A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy

PartIII.ReadingComprehension（40points）

Directions:

Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideontheBESTchoicesandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Passage1

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach（1838-1916）,aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas"theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered."

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate波动persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1,088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题

16.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto______.

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

17.Soundisproducedby______.

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

18.Decibelis______.

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

19.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

20.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

Passage2

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse,simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoconsistofmoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.

Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tobalancethisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatinghimandher.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asmanyotherscientistsdo,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

21.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means______.

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

22.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause______.

A.itisn