unit4module1之定语从句复习纲要.docx
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unit4module1之定语从句复习纲要
总复习之定语从句
一.关系代词的选用:
（1）表示"人"还是表示"物"
（2）在从句里做主语,宾语还是表语
1）who（主语）,whom（宾语）,that（主/宾）------表示"人".例如：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?
他就是想见你的人吗？
（从句中作主语）
Heistheman（whom/that）Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（在从句中作宾语,可以省略）
Inourschoolthereareabout200teachers,thirtypercentofwhomarewomen
Thisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked=Thisisthefamoussingerwhomwehavetalkedabout.
2）which,that（主/宾语）------指"物".例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.
前所未有的繁荣在农村出现了。
（which/that在句中作宾语）
Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
（which/that在句中作宾语）
Tomtriedonthreepairsofshoes,noneofwhichhewassatisfiedwith.
3）that（表语）----人/物Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobe
4）whose.....人的或.....物的，（定语;指物，则还可以同the+N+ofwhich或ofwhichthe+N互换）。
例如：
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.大家都跑过去帮车抛锚的那个人的忙。
Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.=Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮封面的书。
二.关系副词的选用:
（1）表示时间,地点,方式还是原因
（2）做状语
1）when,where,why="介词+which"结构，that前不能有介词。
例如：
Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我出生的地方。
Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）That关系副词，在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why或"介词+which"定语从句，皆可省略。
例如：
Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生的那年逝世了。
Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
Hesuggestedonemoreway（that/inwhich）wecansolvetheproblem..
另It`sthefirst/secondtimethat+从句是定语从句,其中it可改为this,that,而且后面的that（关系副词）能省略
如;ItwasthefourthtimethathehadbeentoChina.
Thefirsttime（when）hecametoChina,hewasgreatlyimpressedbyherbeauty.
thefirsttime,bythetime,lasttime,themoment,theday等类似结构相当于时间连词七.三.fromwhere....引导的定语从句=from+介词+which（双介词结构）
（1）Hestoodontheroof,fromwhere（=fromonwhich）hecouldseemoreclearly（from
onwhich也就是fromontheroof的意思）
（2）Fatherfoundouthisbabysonunderthebedfromwhere（fromunderwhich,也就是fromunderthebed的意思）hepulledhissonout
四.定语从句的主谓一致性.
I,whoamfromEngland,likeplayingbasketball.
Heisoneoftheboyswho（其中一个的）comefromChina.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboys（唯一一个的）whocomesfromChina
5."介词+which+N"的定语从句之特殊结构.
Heusuallyreturnshomeatten,atwhichhour在这个时间hisfatherlocksallthedoorsandwindows.（atthehourofwhich）
Hiswifegotseriouslyill,inwhichcase在这种情况下hehadtogiveupthechanceofgoingabroad.（inthecaseofwhich）
Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.（atthepointofwhich）
好了,小练一下☺☺完成下列填空.如果可以不填,则请用括号括起来.
1.Isthisyourreason____yougavemeforyourrudenesstotheguests?
2.Isthisyourreason_____youwererudetotheguests?
3.Iwillneverforgetthemoments____ispentwithyou.
4.Iwillneverforgetthemoments_____Iwerewithyou.
5.Finallythetravellersfoundahotel____theycouldmanagedthenight.
6.Finallythetravellersfoundahotel___theythoughtwassuitableforagoodsleep.
7.Canyoucomeupwithaway____wecansettlethisdifficulty?
8.Canyoucomeupwithaway____wecanusetosettlethisdifficulty?
9.Ihaveapen____colorisred.=Ihaveapenthecolor____isred
=Ihaveapen___thecolorisred.
10.Thegirlisnottheone____shewas=Thegirlisnot____shewas
11.Tom,theonlyoneoftheprize-winnerswho___15yearsold,likesmathsthemost.
12.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.
13.Herearesuchsentences____oftenusedbythestudents.（asare）
14.Behindthedoorliemanybagsoffood____wecanfindsomethingtosatisfyour
Hunger.
15.Theybelievethatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;___there`salwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadperson.
Ａ．DuringwhichtimeＢ.DuringwhichC.DuringwhenD.duringthistime
16.Comeon,please!
Wewillhavearestunderthebigtree,___wehaveawonderfulviewofthecitybelow.
Ａ．Fromwhich Ｂ.UnderwhichC.whereD.fromwhere
17.Isthereagasstationaround____Icangetsomepetrol?
Ａ．Which Ｂ.where Ｃ.that Ｄ.what
18.Thereason___hedidntcomewas___hewasinjured.
A.that,thatB.why,thatC.why,becauseD.that,why
六.限制性和非限制性定语从句
1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如：
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子（限制性）
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）
2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如：
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如：
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
郑重说明：
关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
七..as,which引导非限定性定语从句的区别
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，作主语或宾语.区别一:
as引导的非限制性定语从句相当于插入语,位置灵活;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放主句后面
1）Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
2）Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoone`shealth
3）Smokingisharmfultoone`shealth,asweknow.
4）Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
区别二;意思翻译不一样as翻译为"正如",,which翻译为"这"
asanybodycansee正如人人都可以看到的一样
asweallhadexpected正如我们所预料的一样as+主语+v
asweallknow正如我们大家都知道的一样
asiswellknown正如所知的一样
ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所说的一样as+被动结构
asisreported/expected/announced正如所报道/所预料/所宣布的一样
asismentionedabove正如前面提到的一样
asisknowntoall正如为大家所知的一样
Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.（句型变换）
as+sb/sth+is正如原来的一样Don`tmovethecomputerdesk,andpleaseleaveitasitis.在原地不动
asisthecase正如原有的情况一样Ａsistheusualcase，ｈewaslateagaintoday．（如果把逗号改为that呢？
）
as（it）oftenhappens正如所常发生的一样;as（it）seems,as（it）waspointed;as（it）wassaidearlier,asIremember（it）;asIunderstand（it）;as（it）happens
Jackhaswonthefirstprize,as（it）oftenhappens.
区别三:
前后意思一致,用as,前后否则用which
Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
区别四;such......as;thesame......as/that;so.....as;as.....as结构里,后一个as引导定从,不可用which.
Heissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith（as是workwith的宾语）
ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday
Ihavethesamebookasyoulostyesterday.
ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.
Takeasmanyjewelsasyouwant.
Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.（as做主语）。
小练一下:
1）Hedidntwanttotakethemedicine,___couldbeseenfromherexpression.
2）Shedidntwanttotakethemedicine,____madeherfatherangry.
3）Tomdrinksaloteveryday,___hiswifedoesntlikeatall.
4）____isreportedinthenewspaper,measureshavebeentakentostoppollutioninthisarea.A.WhichB.WhatC.ItD.As
5）Themanshowedussoheavyastone____nomancanlift（如果lift后面还有it呢?
）
A.thatB.asC.whichD.and
6）MrBlacktookthepolicebackto_____place_____thewitnessedtherobbery.
a.Thesame,asb.Thesame,wherec.Thesame,thatd.Thesame,as
7）Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,and____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
8）Chan`srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where
9）Hewaseducatedatthelocalschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.（逗号后加and呢?
）A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
10）Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection______shehadcome.
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich11
11）.Isthatthelab___wedidphysicsexperimentsinduringourmiddleschooldays（如果没有that呢?
）A.theoneB.whereC.whichD.theonethat
12）.Thenewstorybookiswrittenin____easyEnglish____beginnersunderstand.
A.such,thatB.so,thatC.such,asD.too,that
8.先行词和关系词二合一
.what/whatever;who/whoever
1）what=allthat..........的东西；whatever=anythingthat..........的任何东西
Nomatterwhat....不管什么东西
Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。
Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践
Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.你要的东西跟我没什么关系。
Whateveryouwant,theymakenodifferencetome.
2）who=thepersonthat whoever=anyonewho....
nomatterwho.....
Whoeverspits吐痰inpublicwillbepunishedhere.
Whoeverspitsinpublic,here,heorshewillbepunished.
九.几个用where引导定语从句的单词:
case情况situation情形stage阶段point时候position位置job工作岗位ｐｏｓｔ岗位 circumstances情形ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ活动但occasion（场合）多用when引导从句
小练一下:
1）somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
2）Today,we`lldiscussanumberofcases____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.
A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
3We`rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
4）－－Ｄｏ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｓａｙ ｆｏｒ ｙｏｕｒｓｅｌｆ？
－－Ｙｅｓ，ｔｈｅｒｅ｀ｓ ｏｎｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ＿＿ｗｅ ｍｕｓｔ ｉｎｓｉｓｔ ｏｎ．
Ａ．Ｗｈｅｒｅ Ｂ．Ｔｈａｔ Ｃ．Ｈｏｗ Ｄ．／
5．Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｃｅ ｏｆ ａｎｙ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｉｓ ｌｉｎｋｅｄ ｔｏ ａ ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ ｐｒｉｃｅｓ＿＿ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ ｏｎ ｅｖｅｒｔｈｉｎｇ ｅｓｌｅ．
Ａ．Ｔｈａｔ Ｂ．Ｗｈｉｃｈ Ｃ．Ｗｈｅｒｅ Ｄ．Ｗｈｅｎ
6.NowadaysmoreandmorestudentsareworkingdirectlyontheInternet___differenttypesofcoursesaresupplied.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that
7.Theywillchoose___theythinkisuptothejobandmostworkersarefor.
A.whoeverB,whomever
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