unit4module1之定语从句复习纲要.docx

1、unit4module1之定语从句复习纲要 总复习之定语从句 一.关系代词的选用:(1)表示人还是表示物 (2)在从句里做主语,宾语还是表语1）who(主语), whom(宾语), that(主/宾)-表示人. 例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的 人吗？（从句中作主语）He is the man ( whom/ that ) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（在从句中作宾语,可以省略）In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent

2、of whom are womenThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked=This is the famous singer whom we have talked about.2）which, that(主/宾语)-指物. 例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 前所未有的繁荣在农村出现了。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you a

3、re carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）Tom tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which he was satisfied with.3)that (表语)-人/物 He is no longer the boy that he used to be4） whose .人的或.物的，（定语;指物，则还可以同the+N+of which或of which the +N互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man who

4、se car had broken down.大家都跑过去帮车抛锚的那个人的忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book the cover of which/of which the cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮封面的书。二.关系副词的选用 :(1)表示时间,地点,方式还是原因 (2)做状语1）when, where, why=介词+ which结构，that前不能有介词。例如： There are occasions when（on which）one must yield

5、.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我出生的地方。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）That关系副词，在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why或介词+ which定语从句，皆可省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父亲在他出生的那年逝世了。 He is

6、 unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 He suggested one more way (that/in which) we can solve the problem.另 Its the first /second time that +从句 是定语从句,其中it可改为this,that,而且后面的that(关系副词)能省略如;It was the fourth time that he had been to China.The

7、 first time (when) he came to China,he was greatly impressed by her beauty.the first time,by the time,last time ,the moment,the day等类似结构相当于时间连词七. 三. from where.引导的定语从句=from+介词+which(双介词结构) (1)He stood on the roof, from where (=from on which) he could see more clearly (from on which也就是from on the roo

8、f的意思) (2) Father found out his baby son under the bed from where (from under which,也就是from under the bed的意思) he pulled his son out 四.定语从句的主谓一致性.I ,who am from England , like playing basketball.He is one of the boys who(其中一个的) come from China.He is the only one of the boys (唯一一个的)who comes from China

9、5. 介词+which+N 的定语从句之特殊结构 . He usually returns home at ten, at which hour在这个时间 his father locks all the doors and windows.(at the hour of which) His wife got seriously ill, in which case 在这种情况下he had to give up the chance of going abroad.(in the case of which)He lost his temper, at which point I deci

10、ded to go home.(at the point of which)好了,小练一下 完成下列填空.如果可以不填,则请用括号括起来.1.Is this your reason_you gave me for your rudeness to the guests?2.Is this your reason_you were rude to the guests?3.I will never forget the moments_i spent with you.4.I will never forget the moments_I were with you.5.Finally the

11、travellers found a hotel_they could managed the night.6.Finally the travellers found a hotel_they thought was suitable for a good sleep. 7.Can you come up with a way_we can settle this difficulty ?8.Can you come up with a way _we can use to settle this difficulty ?9.I have a pen_color is red.=I have

12、 a pen the color_is red =I have a pen_the color is red.10.The girl is not the one_she was =The girl is not _she was11.Tom,the only one of the prize-winners who _15 years old,likes maths the most.12.I will never forget the days _ we enjoyed ourselves very much. 13.Here are such sentences _often used

13、by the students. (as are ) 14.Behind the door lie many bags of food_ we can find something to satisfy our Hunger.15.They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days;_theres always someone to stay with the dead person.During which time .During which C.During when D.du

14、ring this time16.Come on,please! We will have a rest under the big tree,_we have a wonderful view of the city below.From which. Under which C.where D.from where17.Is there a gas station around_I can get some petrol?Which.where.that.what18.The reason_he didnt come was_he was injured. A.that,that B.wh

15、y,that C.why,because D.that,why六.限制性和非限制性定语从句1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子(限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从

16、句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

17、例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。郑重说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。七.as, which引导非限定性定语从句的区别由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，作主语或宾语.区别一: as 引导的非限制性定语从句相当于插入语,位置灵活;而wh

18、ich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放主句后面 1）As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 2）Smoking,as we know ,is harmful to ones health 3）Smoking is harmful to ones health ,as we know.4）The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。区别二; 意思翻译不一样 as翻译为正如 ,which翻译为这 as anybody

19、 can see 正如人人都可以看到的一样 as we all had expected 正如我们所预料的一样 as + 主语+vas we all know 正如我们大家都知道的一样 as is well known 正如所知的一样 as has been said before正如以前所说的一样 as+被动结构as is reported/expected/announced 正如所报道/所预料/所宣布的一样 as is mentioned above正如前面提到的一样 as is known to all正如为大家所知的一样 As is known to everyone, the mo

20、on travels round the earth once every month.(句型变换)as +sb/sth+is 正如原来的一样 Dont move the computer desk,and please leave it as it is.在原地不动as is the case 正如原有的情况一样s is the usual case，e was late again today（如果把逗号改为that呢？）as （it）often happens 正如所常发生的一样;as (it)seems,as (it)was pointed;as (it)was said earlie

21、r,as I remember (it);as I understand (it);as (it) happensJack has won the first prize,as (it )often happens.区别三: 前后意思一致,用as,前后否则用which He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech,which was unexpected.区别四; such.as;the same.as/that;so.as;as.as结构里,后一个as引导定从,不可用which.He is such a lazy ma

22、n as nobody wants to work with (as是work with的宾语)This is the same book that I lost yesterdayI have the same book as you lost yesterday.This book is not such as I expect.Take as many jewels as you want.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as做主语)。小练一下: 1)He didnt want to take the

23、medicine,_could be seen from her expression. 2) She didnt want to take the medicine,_made her father angry. 3)Tom drinks a lot every day,_his wife doesnt like at all. 4)_is reported in the newspaper,measures have been taken to stop pollution in this area. A.Which B.What C.It D.As5)The man showed us

24、so heavy a stone_no man can lift(如果lift后面还有it呢?) A.that B.as C.which D.and6)Mr Black took the police back to_place _the witnessed the robbery.a.The same ,as b.The same,where c.The same,that d.The same ,as7)By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,and _can be very e

25、ye-opening and rewarding. A.that B.which C.what D.who8)Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_used to be poorly run,is now a successful business. A.that B.which C.who D.where9)He was educated at the local school,_he went on to Beijing University.(逗号后加and呢?) A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that

26、10)I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction_she had come. A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which1111).Is that the lab_we did physics experiments in during our middle school days(如果没有that呢?) A.the one B.where C.which D.t

27、he one that12).The new storybook is written in_easy English_beginners understand.A.such ,that B.so ,that C.such ,as D.too,that8.先行词和关系词二合一. what/whatever; who/whoever 1）what = all that. .的东西；whatever = anything that. .的任何东西 No matter what.不管什么东西 What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。What we ne

28、ed is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 你要的东西跟我没什么关系。 Whatever you want,they make no difference to me.2） who= the person that whoever= anyone who. no matter who.Whoever spits吐痰 in public will be punished here. Whoever spits in public, here,he or she will be punis

29、hed .九.几个用where引导定语从句的单词:case情况 situation 情形 stage阶段 point 时候position位置 job工作岗位 岗位circumstances情形 活动 但occasion(场合)多用when引导从句小练一下:1)some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A.then B.there C.while D.where 2)Today, well discuss a number of cases _beginners o

30、f English fail to use the language properly. A.which B.as C.why D.where3Were just trying to reach a point _both sides will sit down together and talk. A.where B.that C.when D.which4）？，56.Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet_different types of courses are supplied. A.which B.where C.whose D.that7.They will choose _they think is up to the job and most workers are for. A.whoever B,whomever