普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语山东卷 解析.docx

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语山东卷 解析.docx

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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语山东卷解析

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

POETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.

Prizes

3GrandPrizes:

TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes:

ThebookSkyPioneer:

APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions:

Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.

Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.

■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.

■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.

1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Six.

2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?

A.Aplaneticket.

B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.

C.AspecialT-shirt.

D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?

A.Typingyourpoemout.

B.Writingapoemof120words.

C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.

D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B

【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。

1.A细节理解题。

根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。

2.C细节理解题。

根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。

3.B细节理解题。

由Rules中“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。

B

JenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:

nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:

Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.

4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?

A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.

B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.

D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.

5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield?

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.

B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.

C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.

D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.

6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?

A.Herhealth.

B.Hertimewithfamily.

C.Herreputation.

D.Herchanceofpromotion.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromJennifer'sstory?

A.Timeismoney.

B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.

C.Hardworkpaysoff.

D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C

【解析】本文为记叙文。

本文记叙了Jennifer的家庭和学业，以及婚后主人公继续完成梦想的过程。

4.C细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.”可知，大学学费是主人公自己负责，自己支付学费，故选C。

5.A细节理解题。

第三段第三、四句中：

“ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.”，由此可知，主人公是为了照顾孩子们，才选择MinistrySaintJoseph'sHospital，故选A。

6.B细节理解题。

第四段第二句“Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B。

7.C推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后两句“However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat'sprettypowerful.”可知，主人公的努力获得了回报，并且结合整个语篇来理解，本文能学习到的是，努力就会有收获，故选C。

C

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:

LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:

Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends’invitation.

B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.

D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell’sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.

B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant.

D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A

【解析】本文为记叙文，记叙了TomBissell的生平事迹以及他的书籍。

8.B细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistanto…”可知，是因为被这个国家所吸引，才回到乌兹别克斯坦，attractedto表“被……吸引”，故选B。

9.D词义猜测题。

第一段第二句中，“Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.”“that”通常指代的上文所说的内容，可知，“that”指代的是主人公写的书ChasingtheSea:

LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，故选D。

10.B推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句“ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety”可知，主人公的一生是多变的，多面的，既有温暖友好，也有社会的黑暗的一面，所以可以排除感情色彩单一的三项，故选B。

11.A写作意图题。

通读全文，尤其是最后一段，可知，本文旨在介绍主人公写的这本书，故选A。

D

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasesshewo