ENG GOST 19912.docx

ENG GOST 19912.docx

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ENGGOST19912

GOST19912-2001

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

SOILS

FIELDTESTMETHODSBYSTATICANDDYNAMICSOUNDING

INTERNATIONALSCIENTIFIC-TECHNICALCOMMISSIONONSTANDARDIZATION,METROLOGYANDCERTIFICATIONINCONSTRUCTION

Moscow

Preface

1DEVELOPEDbyFederalstateunitaryenterprise–ScientificResearch,DesignandTechnologyInstituteforBasesandUndergroundStructures,namedafterN. M. Gersevanov.

SUBMITTEDbyRussianFederationConstructionCommittee.

2APPROVEDbyInternationalScientificandTechnicalCommissiononStandardization,MetrologyandCertificationinConstructiononthe30thofMay2001.

Thefollowingbodiesvotedforapprovalofthestandard:

Nameofstate

Nameofagencyofstatehousingadministration

AzerbaijaniRepublic

AzerbaijaniRepublicConstructionCommittee

RepublicofArmenia

MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentoftheRepublicofArmenia

RepublicofKazakhstan

KazStroyCommittee

RepublicofMoldova

MinistryofEcologyandLandImprovementoftheRepublicofMoldova

RussianFederation

RussianFederationConstructionCommittee

RepublicofUzbekistan

RepublicofUzbekistanConstructionandArchitectureCommittee

Ukraine

UkraineConstructionCommittee

3INSTEADOFGOST19912-81,GOST20069-81

4PUTINTOEFFECTsincethe1stofJanuary2002asstatestandardoftheRussianFederationbyregulationofRussianFederationConstructionCommitteeofthe22ndofAugustNo.99.

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

SOILS

Fieldtestmethodsbystatic

anddynamicsounding

Effectivedate2002-01-01

1Fieldofapplication

Thisstandardiseffectivefordispersenatural,man-causedandfrozensoils,whichcompositionandstateallowcontinuoussounding,andestablishesfieldtestmethodsbysoundingduringinvestigationofthesesoilsforconstruction.

Thestandardisnoteffectiveforstaticsoundingofsoils,whichcontainover25%（byweight）ofparticlesbiggerthan10mm,andfordynamicsoundingofsoils,whichcontainover40%（byweight）ofparticlesbiggerthan10mm.

2References

Inthestandardthefollowingreferenceisused:

GOST30672-99Soils.Fieldtests.Generalprovisions.

3Definitions

Terms,usedinthestandard,arelistedinAppendixА.

4Generalprovisions

4.1Thestandardestablishesthefollowingfieldtestmethodsbysounding:

staticsounding;

dynamicsounding.

4.2Generalrequirementsforfiledtestsofsoils,equipmentandinstruments,preparationoftestplatformsarespecifiedinGOST30672.

4.3Fieldtestmethodsbysoundingareusedtogetherwithotherkindsofengineering-geologicaloperationsorseparatelyfor:

allocationofengineering-geologicalelements（thicknessoflayersandlenses,distributionlimitsofsoilsofdifferenttypesandsorts）;

estimationofspatialvariationofcompositionandpropertiesofsoils;

determinationofdepthofrocksandfragmentalsoils;

quantitativeassessmentofcharacteristicsofphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofsoils（consistency,modulusofdeformation,angleofinternalfrictionandadhesionofsoilsandsoon）;

determinationofdegreeofcompactionandhardeningofsoilsintimeandspace;

estimationofpossibilityforpolinganddeterminationofburialdepth;

determinationofdataforcalculationofpilefoundations;

selectionoflocationsfortestplatformsanddepthoffiledtests,andforsamplingpointsforlaboratoryresearches;

qualitycontrolofgeologicalandengineeringworks.

4.4Soundingofsoilsisexecutedbypressingofsondeintosoilduringstaticsounding,bydrivingorvibropilingofsondeduringdynamicsoundingwithsimultaneous（orinestablisheddepthintervals）measurementofparameters,whichcharacterizesoilresistancetointrusionofsonde.

4.5Qualitativeassessmentofcharacteristicsofphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofsoilsiscarriedoutonthebaseofstatisticallyprovedrelationsbetweenvaluesofsoilresistancetointrusionofsondeandresultsofcharacteristicsdeterminationwiththehelpofotherstandardmethods.

4.6Soundingmethod,soundingdepthandlocationofsoundingpointsaredeterminedbyprogramofengineering-geologicalinvestigations.

Apartofsoundingpointsmustbelocatedclosetoexcavations（2–5m）inordertoobtaindata,requiredforinterpretationofsoundingresults.

4.7Duringfieldtestsbysoundingitisnecessarytokeepfieldtestbookaccordingtoforms,specifiedinAppendixB,withattachmentofautomaticrecords（ifany）,andtorepresenttestsresultsintheformofcurvesthatreflectchangeofvaluesofsoilresistancetointrusionofsondedependingonsoundingdepth.

Scalesofthesechatsmaybedifferentfromscales,establishedbythestandard,ifrelationbetweenscalesofverticalandhorizontalcoordinateswillbemaintainedthesame.

Testsprofilesmustbeaccompaniedwithengineering-geologicalsectionoftheclosesttosoundingpointexcavation.

5Staticsounding

5.1Principleofmethod

5.1.1Fieldtestbystaticsoundingiscarriedoutwiththehelpofspecialunitthatprovidespressingofsondeintosoil.

5.1.2Duringstaticsoundingthefollowingdataisdeterminedaccordingtoresultsofmeasurementofsoilresistanceundersondetipandonsidesurfaceofsonde:

specificresistanceofsoilundersondetip（cone）qс;

totalresistanceofsoilonsidesurfaceQs（forsondeoftypeI）;

specificresistanceofsoilonsidesurface（frictioncoupling）ofsondefs（forsondeoftypeII）.

Notes

1Onspecialinstructionsitispossibletomeasureporouspressurethatappearsininterstitialwaterduringsoundingwiththehelpofporouspressuresensors.Thesensorsareestablishedonsondecone（piezocone）ordirectlybehindthecone（piezosondes）.

2Usingofspeciallyequippedsondesallowsmeasurementofconsistency,volumehumidityandnaturalgammabackgroundofsoilwiththehelpofradioactivitylogging,soiltemperatureandelectricalresistance

5.2Equipmentandinstruments

5.2.1Machineforfieldtestbystaticsoundingmustinclude:

sonde（setofrodsandconictip）;

instrumentforpressinginandextractionofsonde;

support-anchordevice;

instrumentformeasurementofloadandresistanceofsoil.

5.2.2Dependingofefforts,requiredforpressingofsondeunderdifferentsoilconditions,andrangeofmeasuringsoilresistance,themachinesaredividedaccordingtotable1.

Table1

Typeofmachine

Maximumeffortofpressinginandextractionofsonde,kN

Rangeofmeasuringsoilresistance

qc,MPa

fs,kPa

QskN

Light

upto50inclusive

0,5-10

2-100

0,5-10

Medium

over50to100inclusive

1-30

5-200

1-30

Heavy

over100

1-50

10-500

2-60

5.2.3Dependingoftipconstructionsondesmaybeofthefollowingtypes:

I–sondewithtipthatconsistsofconeandhousing;

II–sondewithtipthatconsistsofconeandfrictioncoupling.

ConstructionsofsondesandtheirmainparametersarespecifiedinAppendixC.

Note–ForsondeoftypeIIitisallowedtousewidenerthatmustbelocatednocloserthan1000mmfromcone.

5.2.4Periodically（butnolongerthanevery15soundingpoints）itisnecessarytocheckstraightnessofsonderodsanddegreeoftipwear.

Straightnessofsonderodsischeckedbycollectingofstandsinto3mlongsectionsonflatsurface.Deviationofthesesectionsfromstraightlinemustnotexceed3mminanyplaneatfulllengthofthecheckedsection.

Decreaseofconeheightmustnotexceed5mm,decreaseofitsdiametermustnotexceed0.3mm.

5.2.5Support-anchorunitmusttakeupreactiveefforts,appearingduringpressinginandextractionofsonde.

5.2.6Maininaccuracyofmeasuringinstrumentsmustnotexceed:

5%-duringmeasurementofappliedload;

10%-duringmeasurementofsoilresistance（butnomorethan5%ofmaximalmeasuredvalue）;

1,0cm–duringmeasurementofburialdepthofsonde.

5.2.7Instrumentsformeasurementofsoilresistancetosondeintrusionmaybemechanicalorautomatic.Theseinstrumentsmaybecombined.

Duringtestsitisnecessarytoregisterinformationonchartstrip,inmemoryblockofregistrationsystem,etc.

5.2.8Measurementinstrumentsmustbecalibratedaccordingtopassportdata（butnolongerthanevery3months）.

5.3Preparationtotest

5.3.1Preparationofmachineforfieldtestbystaticsoundingiscarriedoutincompliancewithrequirementsofitsoperationalinstructions.

5.3.2Ifnecessaryyoumaycheckstraightnessofsonderodsanddegreeoftipwearaccordingto5.2.4.

5.3.3Deviationofmachinemastfromverticalmustnotexceed2°.

5.4Testoperation

5.4.1Staticsoundingmustbeexecutedbycontinuouspressingofsondeintosoil,observingorderofoperations,establishedbyoperationalinstructions.

5.4.2Pausesinpressingofsondeareallowedonlyforbuild-upofsonderods.

5.4.3Duringsoundingitisnecessarytocontrolverticalityofsondesinking.

5.4.4Valuesofsoilresistancemustberegisteredcontinuouslyorbydepthintervalsnomorethan0.2m.

5.4.5Speedofsondesinkingintosoilmustbe（1,2±0,3）m/min.

5.4.6Testisfinishedafterreachingofpresetdepthofsondesinkingormaximumefforts,shownintable1.Whenthetestisfinishedsondeisextractedfromsoilandwellisplugged.

5.4.7Registrationofvaluesofsoilresistancetosondeintrusionismadeinfieldtestbook（AppendixB）,onchartstriporinmemoryblockofregistrationsystem.

5.5Processingofresults

Accordingtomeasurementsresults,obtainedduringtestvaluesofparameterQs（forsondeoftypeI）,qc,fs（forsondeoftypeII）arecalculatedandcurvesthatshowchangeofthesevaluesbysoundingdepth（AppendixD）aregraphed.

6Dynamicsounding

6.1Principleofmethod

6.1.1Fieldtestbydynamicsoundingiscarriedoutwiththehelpofspecialunitthatprovidessondeintrusionbyimpactorshock-and-vibrati