四级写作周湘for students inWord格式文档下载.docx

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四级写作周湘for students inWord格式文档下载.docx

2000isatestofspokenenglishnecessary?

2000howifinancemycollegeeducation?

题目分析:

1.只考教育(13次),社会(11次,热点一次),品质类话题(2次)

2.出题形式:

信件--意图,细节,客套(套用模板)(湘湘的香水瓶)

说明文--ontheimportance/effect/influence/reasonsof...;

why....;

how...(原因,结果,方式,重要性)

议论文--Should...?

Isitnecessaryfor....todo...?

whatisyouropinion?

图表分析--说明文--图表数据,说明原因或者影响

3.下次考试?

a.教育类话题为主

b.“小心”材料题

c.提纲式题目按模板写即可,不可踰越提纲

d.模板统一性

三.如何备考

1.重点准备话题词汇和句型

2.对掌握的句型和词汇结合话题进行句子练习

3.考前一个月左右进行完整文章写作练习(利用模板和准备好的话题词汇)

4.话题按照教育,社会,精神分类准备

5.练习数量在于“精”“准”,不在于“多”。

四.语言准备

词汇的记忆的六步:

1念2拼3变化4拆5分6展开(MerriamWebster)

1.动词类

保护:

protect,shield,defend,guard

抱怨:

complain,makecomplaintsabout

避免:

avoid,keepawayfrom

澄清:

clarify,clearup,explain,define

持续:

last,endure,keepon

打破:

break,fallapart,smash,crack

耽搁:

delay,postpone,putoff

导致:

resultin,leadto,bringabout,generate

调查:

examine,probeinto,investigate

丢弃:

abandon,discard,quit

发生:

happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,comeabout

发现:

discover,turnup,digout

察觉:

noticeperceive,detect

反对:

objectto,disapproveof,protestagainst,opposeto

反抗:

resist,repelagainst

废止:

abolish

分配:

share,distribute,allot

服从:

obey,complywith,abideby

复制:

copy,reproduce,duplicate

改变:

change,vary,reform

隔离:

isolate,separate,setapart

攻击:

attack,invade

忽视:

neglect,ignore,overlook

花费:

spend,expend,consume

唤起:

evoke,awaken,callforth

混合:

mix,blend

获得:

acquire,gain,obtain

激发:

arouse,stir,provoke

加强:

strengthen,beefup,reinforce

假装:

pretend,simulate

减少:

decrease,falloff,dwindle

讲述:

report,portray

教育:

educate,train,enlighten

揭露:

reveal,uncover,unmask,expose

节约:

conserve,cutback,economize

解雇:

fire,dismisslayoff

解释:

translate,reword,restate

集中:

focuson,centeron,concentrateon

居住:

inhabit,occupy,reside,dwell

拒绝:

refuse,turndown

赠送:

donate,contribute,grant

决定:

decide,choose,opt

激励:

activate,motivate,spur

开始:

start,setabout

夸奖:

flatter,praise,compliment

描述:

describe,picture,depict

例证:

typify,standfor,represent

迷惑:

puzzle,confuse,bewilder

明白:

understand,makeout

评价:

evaluate,assess,estimate

评论:

comment,remark,criticize

破坏:

destroy,wipeout,wreck

欺骗:

mislead,deceive,trick

强调:

stress,emphasize

强迫:

force,oblige,compel

欣赏:

admire,respect,worship

限制:

restrict,ban

取消:

cancel,calloff

忍受:

bear,tolerate,weather,putupwith

认出:

recognize,spot,discern,identify

散播:

broadcast,spread

2.衔接类的逻辑词类

顺序类

首先,其次,然后,最后:

firstly,secondly,thirdly;

inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthefinalplace;

firstandforemost,moreover,additionally,furthermore,eventually,lastbutbynomeansleast;

tostartwith,toendwith,ontopofthat,inadditiontothat,addedtothat,besides,finally,lastly.

Initially,plus/also,ultimately.

转折类

However,otherwise,nevertheless,instead,notwithstanding

Incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,despitethefactthat,inspiteof

But,yet,although,eventhough,though

Admittedly,concededly.

Albeit+形容词/介词词组/分词,常位于句中

Yourcourage,albeitfrailandfaint,canstillpushmeforward,continuously.

强调类

Ofcourse,indeed,mostimportant,certainly,infact,obviously,clearly,surely,inparticular,inthiscase,actually.

对比类

Incomparison,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,identically

递进类

Furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition,additionally,also.

因果类

原因becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto

Becauseofyou,Ifailed.

Becauseofyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.

Becauseofthefactthatyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.

Becauseyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.

 

because,since,for,as,inthat

mainly/merely/simplybecause

ManyChinesestudentsgotoUSAtofurthertheirstudiesinthattheybelievetheycanhavemoreopportunitiestolivehappilyandfreely.

结果therefore,thus,hence,consequently,accordingly

asaresult,asaconsequence

so

3名词的修饰方法

a.名词的正确形式和准确语意,单数可数名词不可以单独出现,必须加上冠词;

复数名词和不可数名词可以单独出现,如果表示特指含义,则需加上the.

eg:

Thestudyofliteratureworksisveryimportanttostudent.

Practicemakespermanence.

b.冠词+形容词+名词

greatpressure

intensepressure

修饰人的形容词:

褒贬(generous,miserly;

selfish,selfless/altruistic;

introverted,extroverted;

sensitive,insensitive;

)外表,性格,情感;

修饰事件:

重要的,必要的,普遍的,流行的,复杂的

c.冠词+(形容词)+名词+定语从句

定语从句就是一个带有动作含义的后置定语

which,that,who的引导词

which:

指物,表示“具体的,可触的”物体,比如“桌子,电脑等”

that:

指物,表示“抽象的,不可触的”没有生命的对象,比如“期待,假设,灵感,梦想,文化”等。

who:

指人,表示“具体的”各种人群,比如男人,女人,老人,小孩,学生,老师等。

指由人构成的组织或机构,比如“committee,government,commission,agency,band”等。

d.冠词+(形容词)+名词+介词修饰

outof:

出于

Thehelpoutofcompassion

Passionoutofcuriosity

Thepassionthatisoriginatedfromcuriosity

from:

源于,来自于

Theculturefromthewest

thewesternculture

on/upon:

关于

Remarksontheimportanceofliteratureworksarevariedwithindifferenthistoricalperiods.

d.动作的名词化表达

Ifchildrenspendmuchtimeinwatchingtelevision,itwilldosomeharmtotheirphysicalhealth.

Ifparentsdotoomuchtomanagetheirchildren’slives,theirchildrenwillultimatelylosetheindependenceandcompetence.

Toomuchexposuretotelevisionprogramswillsomehowdoharmtochildren’shealth.

Parents’overinvolvementin/interferencewiththeirchildren’sbusinesswillultimatelyresultinthelossoftheirchildren’sindependenceandcompetence.

五.四级考试的得分要点

1.看上去像一篇标准的四级写作——-字数满足要求120/150/180),作文有身材,字迹清晰整齐(第一印象不差,不至于跌破底线)

三段式——小大小结构

一段见关键词

二段见逻辑(firstly,secondly…)

三段见语言

2.可以利用模板,但不要照搬模板,因为给分是globalscoring(改卷老师认识什么是模板什么是你自己的语言,用模板不会得0分,不用也不一定会得高分,理性使用模板)

3.四级写作就是高考写作的升级版,也就是词汇和语法能够有合格高中毕业生的水平即可,不同点在于,翻译被自我构思取代。

六.四级写作攻略

1.破题的方法和思路的建立

破题--

a.确定关键词(即讨论对象)

b.确定文章结构(即三段的重点讨论内容和方向)

c.确定模板

破题——确定论证的思路——转化思路,避重就轻——避论证和语言难点,讲通识/普适道理

首段:

谈现象(模板和关键词)

中间段落:

析原因/利/弊(万能句式,逻辑,词汇的选择)

结尾段落:

给结果/建议/观点(常用的建议和结果类词汇,漂亮的词汇,观点/总结)

2开头段的写法

谈现象,不给观点

hook+phenomenon

方法:

hook=background

1)写“重要性,严重性,普遍性”---升级版:

加时间,地点,人群,条件

时间:

nowadays,recently,presently,incurrentdays,overthepastfewdecades,inthecontemporarytime.

范围:

instudents’life,inpeople’slife,inourneighborhood,inourmodernlife,insuchahighly-commercializedsociety.(computerized,cyberized)

人群:

amonguniversitystudents,amongtheyouth,amongmodernpeople,amongdifferentgenerations,post-eighties

条件:

withthefastprogressintechnology,withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,withthespeedypaceofmodernlife,withtheincreasingpopulationandsettlement.

条件/时间+关键词定性分析+人群/范围

各种性:

重要性:

...isfairlyessential/critical/significant/fatal...

...mattersmost/makesahugedifferencewhencomparedwithotherstuff.

...playsaleading/pressingrole....

必要性:

...isfairlynecessary/rudimentary/fundamental/imperative...

itishighlyimperativethat...(事件,写主谓句)

thereisgreatneed/necessityto....

普遍性:

...isfairlyfamiliar/common/prevailing/prevalent....

...isaboutandaroundforalongtime...

...hasbeenpenetratingintoallwalksoflife.

...existseverywhere.

严重性:

...isfairlysevere,serious,grave,staid;

sample:

Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,televisionandmoviehavebeenpenetratingintoallwalksoflife.

Intherecentyears,televisionandmovieplayanincreasinglyleadingroleinpeople’slives/inpeople’sentertainmentlives.

时间/条件,itisobvioustoseethat...isplayingaleadingrolein...Anditisaninterestingphenomenonthatpeopleingrowingnumbersarediscussing/voicingtheiropinionson.(提纲内容的第一部分)..(AsfarasIamconcerned,theelaborateargumentonthisissuegoesasfollows.)

Anditisofgreatinteresttonoticethatpeopleingrowingnumbersarevoicingtheirdifferent/divergentopinionsonthishotissue.

Plus,thereexistsatrendthatpeopleinlargepopulationarepayingmoreattentiontothisissue.

开头升级版:

时间/条件+重要性/必要性/严重性/流行性+范围/人群。

+Forexample/Tobespecific/Totakeanotherlook,….paraphrasedversion…(换句型,把主语写细,换动词)

Incurrentyears,freeadmissioninmuseumsisexcessivelyprevailingbothathomeandabroad.Anditisinterestingtonoticethatpeopleinexpandingnumbersarevoicingtheiropinions/expressingtheirconcernsuponthisissue.

Overthepastfewdecades,freeadmissioninmuseumshasbeenexceedinglyprevailingbothathomeandabroad.Tobespecific,visitorsofdifferentnationalitiesarechargedfreewhentheyintendtoenjoytheartorhistorydisplayedinmuseums.(39)

开头段落套写

微博的利弊/公共交通的重要性

微博:

miniblog,weibo,twitter

Itiswidely-acknowledgedthatminiblog,namelyweibo,hasbeengaininggreatpopularityamongthepeopleatdifferentages.Plus,thereemergesatrendthatpeopleingrowingnumbersa

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