英语教学法8课件.docx

英语教学法8课件.docx

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英语教学法8课件

Unit12TeachingWriting

AimsoftheUnit

-tounderstandthenatureofwritinginreality

tolearnacommunicativeapproachtowriting

-tobeawareoftheproblemsinwritingtasksinexistingtextbooks

tounderstandtheprocessapproachtowriting

Writingthroughe-mail

12.1What,whyandhowdowewrite?

Whatdowewrite?

Writingisareal-lifereality.Whetheritisinsocial,workorstudysituations,wewritetogetthingsdoneandtoformandmaintainsocialrelationships.

Inrealitythereisagreatvarietyofthingswewriteforexample,letters,journals,notes,instructions,posters,essays,reports,menus.Wefillinforms,answerquestionnairesandsimilartasks.

Whydowewrite?

Wewriteforvariousreasons,suchastoconveymessagesorjusttokeeparecordofwhatisinourmind.

Reasonswhyweshouldgetstudentsinvolvedinwritinginaforeignlanguage:

Writingcangiveavoicetoshystudentsaswritingcanserveasamediumthroughwhichlessconfidentstudentscancommunicatewiththeirteacher.

Writingcanbelessthreateningforanxiousstudentsasitgivesthemtimetothinkabouttheirmeaningandpurpose（Morgan,2005）.

Writingcanalsoraiseawarenessofhowlanguageworks.Throughwriting,studentswillbecomemorefamiliarwiththelinguisticandsocialconventionsofwritinginEnglish.

AcontrastbetweenwritinginELTclassroomandwritinginreality

writinginELTclassroom

writinginreality

Purpose

Toconsolidatelanguagerecentlylearned（writingaslanguagelearning）

Toconveymessageorforselfcreation

Waytowrite

Studentswriteaccordingtothetopicandrequirementsgivenbytheteacherinlimitedperiodoftime;thefocusisonthefinalproductwhiletheprocesswhichthestudentsgothroughwhiledothewritingtaskisvirtuallyignored.

Wemayhavesomeideaslongbeforeweputthemonpaper.Andweoftenplan,draft,andrewrite.Thatis,wefocusonthewritingprocess.

Principlesforteachingwriting

Choosethepropermodelforteaching.

Makethewritingtasksforrealcommunication.

Focusontheprocessratherthantheproduct.

Instructclearlyforeachstage.

Integratewritingwithreading,listening,andspeaking.

Payattentiontobothproductassessmentandprocessassessment.

Basically,inteachingwritingtheteacherofEnglishneedstogiveequalweighttoclarityofexpression,preciseness,conciseness,frequency,accuracy,andtheabilitytoorganizeandsummarizeideas.

12.2.Acommunicativeapproach

towriting

MechanicalwritingactivitiesthataredoneintraditionalELTclassroomdonotbythemselvesmotivatestudents.Tomotivatestudents,itisnecessarytoengagetheminsomeactofcommunication.Thismeanswritingforaspecificrecipientorengaginginanactofcreativewritingwheretheirworkisintendedtobereadbyanintendedaudience.

Inshort,studentscanbemotivatedbyauthenticwritingtasksthathavesomecommunicativeelements.

Somewritingactivitiescanbebetween“writingforlearning”and“writingforcommunication”.

12.3Problemsinwritingtasks

Manywritingtasks,bothinexistingtextbooksandinclassroomteaching,failtohaveacommunicativeelementduetothefollowingdeficiencies:

1.Theyaremainlyaccuracy-based.

2.Theyaredesignedtopracticeacertaintarget

structures.

3.Thereisinsufficientpreparationbeforethewritingstage.

4.Thereisnosenseofaudienceorauthenticity.

5.Studentsaregivenideastoexpressratherthaninvitedtoinventtheirown.

6.Thereisnoopportunityforcreativewriting,particularlyforexpressingunusualororiginalideas.

7.Manyofthemaretest-oriented.

12.4AProcessApproachtoWriting

1.Whatisprocessapproachtowriting?

Theteacherprovidessomehelptoguidethestudentsthroughtheprocessthattheyundergowhentheyarewriting.Ofcoursethiskindofguidanceshouldbegraduallywithdrawnsothatthestudentsfinallybecomeindependentwriters.

2.Whatarethefeaturesofprocesswriting?

FeaturesoftheprocessapproachtowritingsummarizedbyBrown（1994:

320-321）:

Focusontheprocessofwritingthatleadstothefinalwrittenproduct;

Helpstudentswriterstounderstandtheirowncomposingprocess;

Helpthemtobuildrepertoiresofstrategiesforprewriting,drafting,andrewriting;

Givestudentstimetowriteandrewrite;

Placecentralimportanceontheprocessofrevision;

Letstudentsdiscoverwhattheywanttosayastheywrite;

Givestudentsfeedbackthroughoutthecomposingprocess;（notjustonthefinalproduct）toconsiderastheyattempttobringtheirexpressioncloserandclosertointention;

Encouragefeedbackbothfromtheinstructorandpeers;

Includeindividualconferencesbetweenteacherandstudentduringtheprocessofcomposition.

SuggestionsontheProcessApproachtoWriting

Beforewriting,studentswo