管理会计英文版课后习题答案高等教育出版社chapter 5.docx
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管理会计英文版课后习题答案高等教育出版社chapter5
管理会计(高等教育出版社)
于增彪(清华大学)改编
余绪缨(厦门大学)审校
CHAPTER5
job-ordercosting
questionsforwritinganddiscussion
1.Job-ordercostingaccumulatescostsbyjobs,andprocesscostingaccumulatescostsbyprocesses.Job-ordercostingissuitableforoperationsthatproducecustom-madeproductsthatreceivedifferentdosesofmanufacturingcosts.Processcosting,ontheotherhand,issuitableforoperationsthatproducehomogeneousproductsthatreceiveequaldosesofmanufacturingcostsineachprocess.
2.Costdriversarethosefactorsthatdriveorcausetheconsumptionofoverhead.Knowingwhatdrivesoverheadcostsallowsamoreaccurateassignmentofoverheadcoststojobs.
3.Thepredeterminedoverheadrateismultipliedbytheactualmeasureofthecostdriveronwhichtherateisbased.
4.Unitcost:
Directmaterials$7,500
Directlabor10,000
Overhead($51,000)5,000
Total$22,500
Unitcost=$22,500/500=$45
5.Morepaperworkisrequired.Laborandmaterialsareassignedtodepartmentsinaprocess-costingsystem.Inajob-ordercostingsystem,laborandmaterialsmustbetrackedtoeachjob,requiringtimeticketsandmoreuseofmaterialsrequisitions.Additionally,ajob-ordercostingsystemrequiresaseparatejob-ordercostsheetforeachjob.
6.Job-ordercostingisappropriateformanyservicefirms.Thekeyfactoristhatdifferingamountsofresourcesmustbeusedfordifferentjobs.Examplesofservicefirmsthatusejob-ordercostingarelawfirms,accountingfirms,dentists,automobilerepair,andarchitecturalfirms.
7.Unlessallyourjobs(lawns)arethesamesizeandrequirethesameservices,youwillneedtouseajob-ordercostingsystem.Atminimum,youwillneedjob-ordercostsheetsforeachcustomer.Youwillneedlabortimeticketstorecordtheamountoftimespentoneachjob,bothtocostthejobandtopaytheindividualdoingthework.Amaterialsrequisitionformmaybeneedediffertilizerorweedcontrolproductsareused(alternatively,itmaybepossibletojustlisttheamountofproductuseddirectlyonthejob-ordercostsheet).Themorecomplicatedyourbusinessbecomes(e.g.,mowing,trimming,fertilizing,trimmingshrubbery,andplantingshrubsandtrees),themoresourcedocumentswillbeneededtokeeptrackoftime,materials,anduseofcapitalequipment(e.g.,trimmersandbrushhogs).
8.Thecostofajobisoftenstronglyrelatedtothepricecharged.Logicallyenough,thehigherthecostofthejob,thehigherthepricechargedtothecustomer.Thisrelationshipmakessensenotonlytothebusinessbutalsotothecustomer.Bycomparingthecostoftheindividualjobwiththepricecharged,thefirmcandeterminetheprofitattributabletoeachjob.Then,thefirmcandecidewhethertheprofitissufficienttocontinueofferingtheproductorserviceunderthecurrentterms.
9.Theprincipaldifferencebetweenamanualandanautomatedjob-ordercostingsystemisthenatureoftherecords.Inanautomatedsystem,terminalscanbeusedtoinputdatadirectlytothejob,thuseliminatingtheneedformanyofthesourcedocumentssuchastimeticketsandrequisitionforms.Eveniftheseformsareusedandthedataareenteredonabatchbasis,thejob-ordercostsheethasbeenreplacedwithanelectronicrecord.Insteadofcabinetswithcollectionsofjob-ordercostsheets,filesarecollectionsofjobrecordslocatedondiskortape.
10.Materialsrequisitionformsserveasthesourcedocumentsforpostingmaterialsusageandcoststoindividualjobs.Timeorworkticketsserveasimilarfunctionforlabor.Predeterminedoverheadratesareusedtoassignoverheadcoststoindividualjobs.
Exercises
5–1
Job-OrderProcess
a.PaintmanufacturingX
b.AutomanufacturingX
c.ToymanufacturingX
d.CustomcabinetmakingX
e.AirplanemanufacturingX
f.PersonalcomputerassemblyX
g.FurnituremakingX
h.CustomfurnituremakingX
i.DentalservicesX
j.HospitalservicesX
k.PapermanufacturingX
l.AutorepairX
m.ArchitecturalservicesX
n.LandscapedesignservicesX
o.LightbulbmanufacturingX
5–2
1.Automanufacturing:
Ajob-orderexamplemightbeRollsRoyce,inwhichthecarsaremadetoorder.Aprocess-costingexamplemightbeFordMotorCompany.
2.Dentalservices:
Ajob-orderexamplemightbealocal,full-servicedentist.Aprocess-costingexamplemightbeadenturist(someonewhomakesonlydentures).
3.Autorepair:
Ajob-orderexamplemightbealocalmechanicortheservicedepartmentofanautomobiledealership.Aprocess-costingexamplemightbeashopthatisdedicatedtooilchanges.
4.Costumemaking:
Ajob-orderexamplemightbealocalseamstresswhowillmakethecostumesforchildreninajuniorhighschoolplay.Aprocess-costingexamplemightbeafirmdedicatedtothemanufactureofdancecostumesthataresoldnationwide.Thedesignsarepreset.
5–3
1.OverheadappliedinAugust:
Job#214:
$1,800/$10=180$16=$2,880
Job#215:
$4,000/$10=400$16=$6,400
Job#216:
$150/$10=15$16=$240
Job#217:
$800/$10=80$16=$1,280
2.Job#214Job#215Job#216Job#217
Beginningbalance$13,400$9,670$0$0
Directmaterials2,2009,0001,5003,450
Directlabor1,8004,000150800
Appliedoverhead2,8806,4002401,280
Totalcost$20,280$29,070$1,890$5,530
3.EndingbalanceinWorkinProcess=Job#215+Job#216+Job#217
=$29,070+$1,890+$5,530=$36,490
4.CostofGoodsSold=Job#214=$20,280
PriceofJob#214=$20,280+(0.3)($20,280)=$26,364
5.LaSallewouldonlyneedafinishedgoodsaccountifjobswerenotimmediatelysoldtocustomers.Forexample,ifashedwerebuiltonspec(speculatingthatitcouldbesold),orifashedthatwaspreviouslycontractedforwasunacceptabletothecustomerandthecustomerrefusedtobuyit.Ingeneral,LaSallewouldmovefinishedjobsdirectlyfromworkinprocesstocostofgoodssold.
5–4
1.Overheadrate=$6,000/$8,000or$16,500/$22,000=0.75,or75%
(Notethatwemustgotothebeginningbalanceofthejobstoseetherelationshipbetweenappliedoverheadanddirectlaborcost.Eitherjobcouldbeused.)
2.OverheadappliedinOctober:
Job#276:
0.75$14,800=$11,100
Job#278:
0.75$12,000=$9,000
Job#279:
0.75$1,900=$1,425
Job#280:
0.75$7,000=$5,250
3.Job#276Job#278Job#279Job#280
Beginningbalance$20,720$56,800$0$0
Directmaterials13,9607,0003504,800
Directlabor14,80012,0001,9007,000
Appliedoverhead11,1009,0001,4255,250
Totalcost$60,580$84,800$3,675$17,050
4.EndingbalanceinWorkinProcess=Job#278+Job#279+Job#280
=$84,800+$3,675+$17,050=$105,525
5.CostofGoodsSold=Job#276=$60,580
PriceofJob#276=$60,580+(0.45)($60,580)=$87,841
5–5
1.Directmaterials$3,400
Directlabor(50hours$10)500
Overhead(50hours$4)200
Totalcost$4,100
Units÷10
Unitcost$410
2.Priceperhome=1.5$410=$615
3.Jordanwouldneedtoprepareasimpleformthatincludedcolumnsforthedate,thebeginningtime,theendingtime,thetotalnumberofhoursworked,andthejobname(ornumber).Shecouldhaveaseparatepageforeachday.Thiswouldbeespeciallyhelpfulifshehiredotheremployeesfromtimetotimetoworkonjobs.
5–6
1.Endingbalancein
WorkinProcess=Job#902+Job#906+Job#908+Job#909
=$400+$750+$700+$905=$2,755
2.EndingbalanceinFinishedGoods=Job#901+Job#903+Job#905+Job#910
=$650+$550+$860+$803=$2,863
3.CostofGoodsSold=Job#904+Job#907=$695+$180=$875
5–7
1.Department1usesprocesscosting.
Department2usesjob-ordercosting.
2.Directmaterials$500
Directlabor250
Appliedoverhead(100%of$250)250
Totalcost$1,000
5–8
1.Securityrate=$50,000/$500,000=0.10or10%ofmaterialscost
Machiningrate=$36,000/2,000=$18perMHr
Otheroverheadrate=$74,000/$160,000=0.4625,or46.25%ofdirectlaborcost
2.Directmaterials$500
Directlabor250
Appliedoverhead:
Security(0.10$500)50
Machining($182MHrs.)36
Other(0.4625$250)116*
Totalcost$952
*Rounded
3.Davealreadykeepstrackofdirectlaborhours(fortheplantwideoverheadrateapplication)andofdirectmaterialscost.Theonlyadditionaldriverismachinehours.Thesecouldbenotedonthelabortimeticketinaseparatecolumn,oraseparateformformachineusage,perhapslocatedateachmachine,couldbedeveloped.Theformwouldbesimilartoalabortimeticket,notingthedate,timestartedandended,andthejobnumber.
5–9
1.Job#57Job#58Job#59
Balance,7/1$22,450$0$0
Directmaterials12,9009,90035,350
Directlabor20,0006,50013,000
Appliedoverhead:
Power7506003,600
Materialhandling1,5003006,000
Purchasing2501,000250
Totalcost$57,850$18,300$58,200
2.EndingbalanceinWorkinProcess=Job#58=$18,300
3.EndingbalanceinFinishedGoods=Job#59=$58,200
4.CostofGoodsSold=Job#57=$57,850
5–10
ShaquinnCompany
IncomeStatement
FortheMonthEndedJuly31,20XX
Sales($57,8501.40)$80,990
Costofgoodssold57,850
Grossmargin$23,140
Sellingexpenses(0.10$80,990+$4,100)(12,199)
Administrativeexpenses(3,900)
Operatingincome$7,041
5–11
1.Engineeringdesignrate=$240,000/4,000=$60perengineeringhour
Purchasingrate=$87,000/10,000=$8.70perpart
Otheroverheadrate=$250,000/20,000=$12.50perDLH
2.Job#40Job#41Job#42Job#43Job#44
Balance,7/1$42,450$41,000$29,000$0$0
Directmaterials37,00023,90025,50016,00018,500
Directlabor40,00038,50043,00020,90018,000
Appliedoverhead:
Engi