经济学文档格式.docx

经济学文档格式.docx

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award

award:

togive,esp.astheresultofanofficialdecision

Therefereeawardedafreekick.

Thejudgeawardedsubstantialdamagestothevictimsoftheexplosion.

She’sbeenawardedascholarshiptostudyatOxford.

2.Althoughattimes,learningalanguagewasfrustrating,itwaswellworththeeffort.（Para.1）

frustrate:

1）topreventthefulfillmentof;

defeat（someoneorsomeone’seffort）

Thebadweatherfrustratedallourhopesofgoingout.

2）tocausesomeonetofeelannoyedordisappointed

Givingthechildproblemshecan’tsolvewillonlyfrustratehim.

Syn.discourage,annoy,disappoint,upset

n.frustration

beworth+noun/doingsth.:

besomethingthatisrewardingenoughforthetimeoreffort 

Thewatchisworthmorethantheprice.

Doingmorningexercisesisworththetime.

Thisreportabouttheeffectofmodernizationonhumannatureiswellworthreading.

He'

sdecidedtohavealookatthehouseforitiswellworthbuying.

（1）beworth+n.=beworthyof+n.

（2）beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone

（3）Itisworth（one’s）whiletodosth=Itisworthwhiledoingsth/sthisworthdoing/sthisworthyofbeingdone/sthisworthytobedone.

Thematterisworthconsideration.

Thematterisworthyofconsideration.

Thematterisworthconsidering.

Thematterisworthytobeconsidered./Thematterisworthyofbeingconsidered.

Itisworthwhiletoconsiderthematter./Itisworthwhileconsideringthematter.

3.Becauseofthepositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingaboutmakingmistakes.（Para.2）

positive:

a.1）effective;

helpful

Don'

tjustwatchme;

givemesomepositiveadvice.

positiveadvice

positivethinking

antonym:

negative

2）definite,certain

Westilldon'

thaveapositiveanswerastohowhedied.

Hewasexpectedtomakeapositivedecisionaboutwhethertheseworkersweretobefired.

3）sure,havingnodoubtaboutsth.

Areyoupositivethathe'

sthemanyousawyesterday?

ShewaspositivethatJohnwouldhelpheroutoftrouble.

4.Whilemyformerteacherhadbeenpatientwithallthestudents,mynewteacherquickly….

former:

1）ofanearlyperiod

She’sbacktoherformerselfagain.

2）（the~）thefirstofthetwopeopleorthingsjustmentioned

IfIhadtochoosebetweenleisureandwork,I’dprefertheformerratherthanthelatter.

[*bepatientwithsb对某人耐心n.patience]

5.NotonlydidIlosemyjoyinansweringquestions,butalsoItotallylostmydesiretosayanythingatallinEnglish.（Para.3）

Heplaysnotonlythepiano,butalsotheviolin.

NotonlyisthestoryinterestingtousbutalsotheEnglishisgoodforustolearn.

Note:

With“notonly”or“only”placedatthebeginningofasentence,thesentenceorder

shouldbeinverted（倒装）asyoufinditinthereadingpassage.Herearemoreexamples:

Onlyinthiswaycanweexpecttogetoverthesedifficulties.

Notonlycanherunthemachine,buthecanrepairit.

Notonlydidweenjoythefilm,butwealsohadawonderfultime.

6.However,thesituationwasfarfromperfect.（Para.4）

farfrom:

not...atall;

ratherthan,

Theshortcompositionisfarfromperfect.

Farfrom（being）angry,he'

sveryhappy.

Herhusbandisfarfrom（being）handsome;

heissomewhatugly.

7.Asourclasseswereverylarge,Iwasonlyabletoansweracoupleofquestionsineachclassperiod.（Para.4）

acoupleof:

twoorthree

Isawacoupleofchildrenplayinginthegarden.

Couldyoupleaselendmeacoupleofdollars?

apairof:

apairofearrings,apairofshoes,apairofgloves,apairofsocks

8.Ibegantofeelintimidated.（Para.4）

intimidate:

vt.makeonefrightenedbythreats

Thethievesintimidatedthegeneralmanagerbysayingthattheywouldkillhim.

Johnintimidatedhisbrotherintonottellingtheirparentsthetruth.

It’swrongtointimidateawitnessintosilence（intokeepingquiet.）

syn.bully,frighten,menace,threaten

9.Isoongotaccesstothenecessaryequipment,learnedthetechnologyfromafriendandparticipated 

inthevirtualclassroom5to7daysaweek.（Para.5）

access:

n.wayofentering;

rightofusing,reaching,orentering

Theonlyaccesstothatbuildingwasguardedbythesoldiers.

Hewasnotallowedaccesstohisyoungbrotherwhowasinprison.

get/haveaccessto:

gettherightofusingorreachingsth.

Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodbooks.

Peoplelivingheregetaccesstothatswimmingpoolforfree.

adj.accessible

assess

assess:

1）tocalculateordecidethevalueoramountof

Theyassessedthevalueofthehouseat$60,0000.

2）tojudgethequality,importance,orworthof:

evaluate

He’ssolazythatit’sdifficulttoassesshisability.

participatein:

takepartin,joinin,enterinto

WeareexpectedtoparticipateactivelyinEnglishclass.

Inhighschoolsheparticipatedinseveralsports.

virtual:

a.almostwhatisstated;

made-up

Thekingwassomuchunderthecontrolofhiswifethatshewasthevirtualruler

ofthecountry.

WiththeuseoftheInternet,manyvirtualcommunitiesaresetup.

10....itrequiresmuchtime,commitmentanddisciplinetokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse.（Para.6）

commitment:

n.apromisetofollowcertainbeliefsorcertaincourseofactions

Hefelthedidn'

thavetomakesuchacommitmenttoMary.

Idon'

twanttogetmarriedbecauseIdon'

twantanycommitments.

Ihavemadeacommitmenttobuymysonanewbike.

Wearelookingforsomeonewitharealsenseofcommitmenttothejob.

fulfillone’scommitment

meetone’scommitment

syn.assurance,guarantee,pledge,promise,responsibility,undertaking

discipline:

n.thepracticeofmakingpeopleobeyrules;

thequalityofbehavinginacontrolledway

Disciplineisveryimportantforanykindofscientificresearch.

Whenthefirebrokeout,thestudentsshowedgooddiscipline.

keepupwith:

nottofallbehindin;

tokeepthesamespeedas

Harrycouldn’tkeepupwiththeclass.

Thesmallchildhadtoruninordertokeepupwithhisbigbrother.

Compare:

catchupwith:

overtake

YouwalkonandI’llcatchupwithyoulater.

11.Iworkedhardtomeettheminimumstandardssetbythecourseandtocompleteassignmentsontime.（Para.6）

minimum:

a.theleast,orthesmallestpossible

Hecouldn'

tjointhepolicebecausehewasbelowtheminimumheightallowedbytherule.

Theminimumpassingmarkis40outof100.

minimumlendingrate

minimumwages

v.minimize

syn.minimal,lowest,least

antonym:

maximum

12.Ifeltlikegivingup.（Para.7）

feellikesth./doingsth.:

wanttodosth,haveawishfor

Couldwestopplayingcards?

Ifeellikehavingarest.

Ifeellikesinging/swimming.

syn.wouldliketodo

13.…IcouldunderstandjustabouteverythingIcameacross…

comeacross:

v.meetwith,find,ordiscover,esp.bychance

WhileIwascleaningthehouse,IcameacrosssomeoldbabypicturesofmyfatherthatIhadneverseenbefore.

ItwasinthebookstorethatMarycameacrossanoldfriendyesterday.

I’vejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthisbook.

syn.comeupon，runinto

14.AlthoughIstillmademanymistakesandwascontinuallylearning,Ihadfinallyreapedthebenefitsofallthathardwork.（Para.7）

continual:

repeatedoftenandoveralongperiod;

regular,frequent

continualdemandsforimprovedworkingconditions

compare:

continualandcontinuous

Continualusuallydescribesactions（oftenannoyingorundesirableactions）whicharerepeatedoveraperiodoftime.

I’mtiredofthewayhecontinuallycomplainsabouteverything.

Continuousdescribesthingsandevents,whichcontinuewithoutinterruption.

Theplanelandedafterflyingcontinuouslyfor16hours.

Ourbrainneedscontinuoussupplyofblood.

reap:

vt.getsth.asareward;

cutandgather（acroporgrain） 

reapaprofit

reapareward

reapthefruits

reapwheat

Sowthewindandreapthewhirlwind.恶有恶报

Asyousow,soshallyoureap.

syn.acquire,earn,gain,gather,harvest

reapthebenefitsof:

getsth.asareward

Onlyapartofthepeoplehasreapedbenefitsfromthenewpolicy.

15.