《呼啸山庄》中象征意义的解读Word文档格式.docx

《呼啸山庄》中象征意义的解读Word文档格式.docx

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WutheringHeights；

symbolism；

domesticimages；

natureimages

摘　要：

艾米莉·

勃朗特被认为是英国文坛最重要的女性作家之一。

艾米莉从小的生活环境和广泛的阅读赋予她对生活与众不同的观察视角和独到的见解。

象征手法是使《呼啸山庄》具有独特魅力的艺术手法之一。

艾米莉采用浪漫主义的想象、象征寓意和独特的叙事技巧、哥特式元素和大量的具有象征含义的意象来烘托人物的内心世界从而深化主题。

在其代表作《呼啸山庄》中，艾米莉赋予了各种意象丰富的内涵。

作家在其创作过程中广泛运用了象征的创作手法，从而使得小说中的人物、场所及大自然中的其它景物都带上了特殊的象征意义，使故事情节充满神秘色彩。

同时，象征手法的运用反过来帮助作者塑造人物性格、展现人物内心活动，丰富作品的思想内涵，增加了小说的艺术魅力，给读者留下了无限的想象和对人生的思索。

作品通过象征手法，充分反应了人们对幸福生活和自由的向往和追求以及作者对美、人性和爱情的看法。

本文主要通过对作品中生活中的事物和自然中的事物的象征意义的分析来赏析《呼啸山庄》这部经典著作。

关键词：

《呼啸山庄》；

象征手法；

日常事物；

自然事物

Contents

I.AnIntroductiontoEmilyBronteandWutheringHeights.….…….…...1

A.AbriefaccountofEmily’slife……………….………….……….……...1

B.AbriefintroductiontoWutheringHeights………………….…….….…...2

II.AnIntroductiontoSymbolismandItsInfluenceonLiterature….….3

A.Originandthefeaturesofsymbolism...…………………………….……3

B.Applicationofsymbolisminotherliteraryworks...……………..….…….3

III.TheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights………….…….5

A.CriticsontheuseofsymbolisminWutheringHeights..…………….……..5

B.TheinterpretationofthesymbolicmeaningsinWutheringHeights.….……5

1.Symbolicmeaningsinthedomesticthings..…..……..………….……5

2.Symbolicmeaningsinnature……….………………….….….…….8

IV.SignificanceoftheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights

………………………………………..……………….……...….…………10

A.Displayingthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealingthedeeppsychologicalactivities……………….…………………….………………….…...10

B.Deepeningthethemeandpromotingthedevelopmentofthestory……….11

V.Conclusion…………...…………………………………...….………….12

WorksCited……...………………………………..………………………14

I.AnIntroductiontoEmilyBronteandWutheringHeights

A.AbriefaccountofEmily’slife

EmilyJaneBrontewasbornatThorton,YorkshireonJuly30,1818.Shewasthefifthofthesixchildren.HerfatherwasappointedasaclergymantoliveinHaworthwhenshewaslessthantwoyearsold.Ayearlater,Mrs.Brontedied,andamaternalauntcametolookaftertheinfants.Atherfive,sheandhersisterweresenttotheboardingschoolatCowanBridge.Butbecauseofthebadconditionintheschool,theirfathertookthemhome.ThesixlittleBrontesplayedinatinyroomoverlookingthegraveyard.Theywereexceptionallyquiet,butEmilyhadaquicktemperlikeaboy.Themostfavoritethingforherisroamingaroundthemoors.Thechildrenspentmostoftheirtimeinreadingandcomposition.In1846,thethreesisterspublishedtheircollectionofpoemsbutunsuccessfully.Ayearlater,hermasterpiece,WutheringHeightswaspublished,althoughatthattimeitisnotasnoticeableandpopularastoday.In1848,shediedoftuberculosisattheagethirty.

1.TheaspectsinfluencingEmily’suniqueness

a.Herself-consciousness

InEmily’sshortlifestorywemightnoticeshewasdistinctlydifferentfromotherwomenofhertime.Likesomefamouswomenwriters,suchasElizabethBrowning,EmilyDicksonandVirginiaWoolf,Emilylostthematernalloveearly,soshelearnttogetstronginmindandthusmadeherrealizedherselfasanindependentbeingearly.Thefreelifestyleandsimplecustominthesmalltownstrengthenedherabilitytolookinsidethecoreoflife.Frequentclosenesstonaturemadehercouldfreelyexpressherstronginneremotion.

b.Readinginfluence

Readinggreatlycontributedtoherwriting.“Brontesistersreadmanyeighteenth-centurynovels,includingtheworksofH.Fielding,S.Richardson,Goldsmith,W.ShakespeareandWalterScott”（Barnard48）.ButthegreatestliteraryinfluenceonEmilywasthatofthepoetGeorgeGordonByron.TheByronicspirit,thenotionoffatal,ismuchinevidenceinEmily’spoetryandhernovel.Heathcliff’smysteriousorigin,revenge,rebellion,andvitality,providesaprototypeofthefatedByronichero.

Notonlyfromthepeoplearoundher,butfromthewidelyreadingofliterature,didEmilyeventuallymakesherworkssuchauniquenovel,WutheringHeights.

B.AbriefintroductiontoWutheringHeights

WutheringHeightsisconsideredasoneofthemostpowerfulandextraordinarybooksintheEnglishliteraturehistory.ItbeginswithMr.Lockwood,atenantofHeathcliff’s,visitingthehomeofhislandlord.ThesceneinWutheringHeightspiqueshiscuriosity,sobacktoThrushcrossGrange,hebeggedNelly,aservantwhogrewupthereandnowcaresfortheGrange,totellhimofthestoryaboutHeathcliff,NellynarratedthemainlineofWutheringHeights.

Mr.Earnshaw,aYorkshirefarmerandownerofWutheringHeights,bringshomeanorphanfromLiverpool.TheboyisnamedHeathcliffandraisedwithEarnshaw’schildren,HindleyandCatherine.CatherinelovesHeathcliffbutHindleyhateshimbecausehisfatherlikesHeathcliffmorethanhimself.AfterMr.Earnshaw’sdeath,HindleydoeswhathecantodestroyHeathcliff,butCatherineandHeathcliffdonotfearhimatallandobliviousofanythingandanyoneelse—untiltheyencountertheLintons.

EdgarLintonandIsabellaliveatThrushcrossGrangeandarecompletelyoppositesofHeathcliffandCatherine.ThehospitalityofLintonsandthetotallydifferentlifeattractCatherinedeeply.ShespendsmoretimewiththeEdgarandgraduallyforgetsheroldfriendHeathcliff,whichmakesHeathcliffjealous.WhenHeathcliffoverhearsCatherinetoldNellythatshecouldnotmarryhim,heleavesHeightsandisgoneforthreeyears.Whileheisgone,CatherinemarriesLinton.Butthemarriageisnothappyinfactbecausetheyarefromtwodifferentworlds.WhenHeathcliffcamebacktoHeightsagain,hehasalreadyturnsintoamanwithpropertyandgentility.Butthistimeheisdeterminedtotakerevengeonthetwofamilies.First,hemarriedEdgarHareton’ssisterbuttreathercruelly.Second,hegotthepropertyfromHindleybytrickinghimintogambling.Finally,therevengeevenextendedtothesecondgenerations.AfterCatherine’sdeath,HeathcliffinducedCathy,thedaughterofCatherineandEdgar,tomarryhisownweaklingsonLinton.Untilthattime,Heathcliffhadalreadyhandledthepropertiesofthetwofamilies.However,becauseofsufferingfromCatherine’sdeathandthepsychicwoundforalongtime,Heathcliffdiedinmiseryanddesperately.Intheendofthenovel,HeathcliffandCatherinearereunitedindeath,andCathyandHareton,thesonofHindley,aregoingtobeunitedinmarriage.

II.AnIntroductiontoSymbolismandItsInfluenceonLiterature

A.Originandfeaturesofsymbolism

AsnaturalismoriginatedinFranceinthefieldofnovel,symbolismgraduallyappearedalsoinFranceamonganumberofrebelliouspoets.Itbeganfromthe1810sandendedin1914（thebeginningoftheWWI）.CharlesBaudelaire,PaulMallarme,JeanMoreandPaulValeryweretheeminentsymbolistsatthattime.

Valerythoughtthat:

“Symbolismisakindofbrand-newandgrotesquespirit.Itmeansthepowerofformandbeautyandtheauthorityofart…theinneractivitycanbestatedas‘mysticism’insomeextent.Becauseofitsself-sufficient,symbolismcontentsandsupportshumansoul”（张402）.Mallarmeheldthat:

“SymbolismdefiedtheoutdatedapproachesofNaturalism.Differentfrom‘sermon’,‘unrealfeeling’,and‘objectivedepiction’,symbolismstressesontheexpressionofthoughtthroughthetransformationofit”（张403）.Inaword,differentcriticsandpoetshavedifferentexplanationtosymbols.Toacertainextent,symbolmakinguseofthespecificthingsintherealworld,suchascolorimagesorvoice,plantsandanimals,isameansofliterarycreationshowingtheauthor'

sthoughtsandemotionsindirectly.“Authorusedsymbolism,aformofimagery,toportraysomethingunusualtothereader.Itmakessentencesorideassubtleandnotsoobtrusive”（林186）.

Becausesymbolisnotadirectandsimpledescriptionoftheobjectivesbutbymeansofmetaphorandhintstoarousethereaders'

imagination,thusthesymbolisoftenassociatedwithuncertaintyandmulti-meanings.Becausesymbolcantriggerreaderswithabundantimaginationandhasmultiplemeanings,thusitcangiveoriginallycommonthingswithgreatpower,andthisistheartisticcharmofsymbolicart.

B.Applicationofsymbolisminotherliteraryworks

HawthorneandMelvillearemastersofsymbolisminAmericaninthenineteenthcentury.TheScarletLetterisHawthorne’sundisputedmasterpiece,whichmakeslargeuseofrevealingthepowerfulpsychologicalinsightintotheanxietyofhumansoul.Authorendowedlotsofimageswithdeepsymbolicmeanings.Forexample,t