阅读解科普文型Word格式.docx
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htbeonereasonwhysomepeopleeatinanaddictivewaydespitemotivationtoloseweight,”saidDr.AshleyGearhardt,aclinicalpsychologist.HewasinvolvedindevelopingtheYaleFoodAddictionScaleinaidofthosepeople.“Wearetheorizingthatiffoodaddictionisreallyathing,thenourmeasure,theYaleFoodAddictionScale,shouldberelatedtohelpingcontrolimpulsiveacti
on,”saidGearhardt.
ClinicalpsychologistDr.JamesMacKillop,whoselabwasconductingthestudy,believesthattherapiesusedtotreataddictivedrugbehaviorcouldh
elppeoplewhosufferfromaddictiveeatinghabits.
“Mostofthe
programsforweightlossatthispointfocusonthemostobviousthings,whichareclearlydietandexercise,”MacKillopsaid.“Itseemsthatmanagingstrongdesirestoeatwouldnaturallyfitinwiththeskillsapersonwouldneedtoeathealthily.”
12.AccordingtoParagraph1,theresultoffoodaddictionis________.
A.lesshealthyweightB.motivationtoloseweight
C.negativeemotionsD.takingalcoholordrugs
13.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetwopersonalitytraitsinParagraph4?
A.Bymakingcomparisonsandconclusions.B.Byexplainingcaus
esandeffects.
C.Bypresentingquestionsandanswers.D.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.
14.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheYaleFoodAddictionScalefromthetext?
A.Ithasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutamongoverweightpeople.
B.Itmighthelpsomeimpulsivepeoplewithfoodaddictiontoloseweight.
C.Itwillprovewhetherfoodaddictionisaproblemtoimpulsivepeople.
D.Itistheoreticallyapropertreatmentforaddictivefoodanddrugbehavior.
15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.DopaminereleasecausedbyfoodaddictionB.Foodaddictioncomparedt
odruguse
C.ImpulsivepersonalitylinkedtofoodadditionD.Foodaddictioncontributingtoobesity
【答案】
12A
13D
14B
15C
13.D推理判断题。
根据第四段第一句Negativeurgencyischaracterizedbythetendencytobehaveimpulsivelywhenexperiencingnegativeemotions.和第四段第三句Lackofperseveranceis
whenapersonhasahardtimefinishinghardorboringtasks.可知这两句是Negativeurgency和Lackofperseverance两个概念的定义。
同时本段2、3句Somepeoplemightdrinkalcoholortakedrugs.Forothers,itco
uldmeaneatingtofeelbetter.和最后一句Peoplewithalackofperseverancemighthavedifficultyattemptingtochangeaddictiveeatingbehavior,whichcouldalsocauseobesity给出的是这两个概念的例子。
所以作者是通过定义和举例来介绍这两个定义的。
故D正确。
14.B推理判断题。
根据第五段最后一句“Wearetheorizingthatiffoodaddictionisreally
athing,thenourmeasure,theYaleFoodAddictionScale,shouldberelatedtohelpingcontrolimpulsiveaction,”saidGearhardt.和第六段第一句ClinicalpsychologistDr.JamesMacKillop,whoselabwasconductingthestudy,believesthattherapiesusedtotreataddictivedrugbehaviorcouldhelppeoplewhosufferfromaddictiveeatinghabits可知耶鲁大学的这个研究可以帮助控制冲动的行为,并帮助那些因为冲动而有不好的饮食习惯的人。
故B项说法正确。
15.C标题概括题。
本题属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题,根据第一段第二句AccordingtoanewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofGeorgia,suchpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavefoodaddiction.一项新的研究显示性格冲动的人很可能会有食物成瘾的行为。
在后几段中介绍了人们对于这两者之间联系的研究。
所以C项“Impulsivepersonalitylinkedtofoodaddition”与文章主题一致。
【母题2】
AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaser
iesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.
“It
’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringp
rofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectfor
overadecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.
Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthe
wingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.
Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.
“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflya
round,”hesaid.
Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”
8.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.
A.theyhadnomodelintheirmind
B.theydidnothavesufficienttime
C.theyhadnoready-madecomponents
D.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents
9.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.
A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsys
tem
B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime
C.cancollectinformationfrommanysources
D.hasbeenputintowideapplication
10.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.
B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.
C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.
D.Wood’sdesignca
nreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.
11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.FatherofRoboticFly
B.InspirationfromEngineeringScience
C.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect
D.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy
【答案】
8C
9B
10D
11C
9.B推理判断题。
根据第三段倒数第二句“heflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems”可知A项是错误的。
根据第四段第一句“Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource”和“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”可知,目前由于电池等的限制,只能在有限的区域飞行。
因此B项是正确的。
根据第四段的“sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield”可知该飞行器是在someday将来的某一天才能从不同的地方收集信息,而不是现在,因此排除C项。
纵观全文,讲述的是该飞行器尚处于开发的初级阶段,有很多地方需要改善,因此D项广泛投入使用是错误的。
综上所述,选B项。
10.D细节理解题。
根据第四段的itmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield可知,A项是错误的。
B项中animalsarenotallowed是错的,应该是difficultwithanimals,即有些用动物来做试验是困难的,不是不允许。
C项在文中并没有提到以前方法的多少,文中只是说offersanewwaytostudy,提供了新的方法,故排除C项。
根据最后一段的youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,可知,有些试验用动物很苦难,但是可以用机器人来替代,故选择D项。
【名师点睛】
本文属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题。
我们可以根据以下原则来选择最好的标题—选帽原则?
。
英语文章的标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子,它高度概括了文章内容,点明文章主题,它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。
那如何选择文章的标题呢?
如同选择文章的主题思想一样,标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。
标题要避免概括不够,即以部分代整体,或以事实细节代替具体的大意;
也要避免概括过度,即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥,导致标题范围太大,缺乏针对性。
像帽子一样,大小合适才行。
另外,标题要简洁、突出、新颖。
标题是文章的点睛之笔,所以它还要具有醒目的特点,能吸引读者。
?
本文的重点观点在第一段,主要讲述的是哈佛大学从自然界的昆虫那里得到了灵感,设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇。
所以C项最概括第说明了文章的大意。