英语六级新题型练习之长篇阅读段落匹配题5套Word格式文档下载.docx
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cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"
paper"
.Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,
butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags,
withthebulkbeingwood-based.
PaperfromWood
D)
Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda,
untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,
relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,
inaverysmallnutshell,
istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,
therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,
themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemicals.
E)
Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,
butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhatweneedforourarchives.
F)
Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,
theobviousquestionis"
whyisitleftinthepaper?
"
Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.
G)
Italsomeans,
ofcourse,
thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,
butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,
causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish!
H)
So,
howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?
Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking,
andratherdisappointingly,
youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel."
Acid-free"
mightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown,
andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.
I)
Addedtothis,
asIhaveindicatedearlier,
papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach,
chinaclay,
chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture,
anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin,
orprintingon,
thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.
J)
Incidentally,
acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-freepaperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.
PaperfromRag
K)
Paperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-free,
butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,
italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough,
sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.
L)
Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorartistsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.
M)
Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers.Itmaycostrathermore,
butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.
1.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthanhighgradecard.
2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,
butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood,
cottonandrags.
3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,
thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.
4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,
themakerswilladdbleach.
5.Liguinisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.
6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,
becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.
7.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials.
8.Iftheligninisremovedfromthepaper,
thepaperwillbemoreexpensive.
9.Althoughfreeoflignin,
papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees.
10.Whatwecanlearnfrom"
PaperfromRag"
isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistsuppliers.
文章精要
本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性,通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程,使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。
1.B
根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flakepacket,highgradecard,可定位到文章第二段,该部分最后提到corn-flakepacket在制造过程中比高等级的纸(highgradecard)便宜.
2.C
根据题干中的信息提示词softwood,cottonandrags,可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
3.D
根据题干中的信息提示词finalproduct,可将答案定位到D段,第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。
4.D
根据题干中的信息提示词whitepaperandcard,可将答案定位到D段,该部分最后提到为了得到白纸,纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。
5.E
根据题干中的信息提示词essentialforthetree,可将答案定位到E段,该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物,其作用是凝聚纤维素,但它会使纸张变得易碎。
6.F
根据题干中的信息提示词lignin,可将答案定位到F段,该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素,主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。
7.G
根据题干中的信息提示词acid,可将答案定位到G段,该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。
8.F
根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段,因为该段提到,如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素,将会降低树木出产纸张的量,由此可以知道,去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。
9.K
根据题干中的信息提示词cottonandragwaste可定位到文章的K段,该部分告诉我们,尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素,但它们要比木制的纸贵很多,这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多,由此可以得出答案。
10.M
根据题干中的信息提示词PaperfromRa9可定位到文章的最后一段,该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料,由此可以得出答案。
2013年12月英语六级改革新题型长篇阅读练习
(二)
HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentations
MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremade.
ThisarticleoutlinesfewtipsonmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivePowerPointpresentations.
TheText
Keepthewordingclearandsimple.
Useactive,
visuallanguage.
Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumbistocutparagraphsdowntosentences,
sentencesintophrases,
andphrasesintokeywords.Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide.
TrytheRuleofFive-fivewordsperline,
fivelinesperslide.
Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide,
usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplititbetweentwoslides.
ClickwithintheplaceholdertodisplaytheAutoFitOptionsbutton
(itssymbolistwohorizontallineswitharrowsaboveandbelow),
thenclickonthebuttonandchooseSplitTextbetweenTwoSlidesfromthesubmenu.
C)
Fontsizefortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40,
whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24.Useonlytwofontstylesperslide—oneforthetitleandtheotherforthetext.
Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother.
GaramondMediumCondensedandImpactaregoodfortitles,
whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody.
D)
Embedthefontsinyourpresentation,
ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresentinthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation.
Toembedthefonts:
(1)
OntheFilemenu,
clickSaveAs.
(2)
Onthetoolbar,
clickTools,
clickSaveOptions,
selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox,
andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly.
E)
Usecolorssparingly;
twotothreeatmost.
Youmayuseonecolorforallthetitlesandanotherforthetextbody.
Beconsistentfromslidetoslide.
Chooseafontcolorthatcontrastswellwiththebackground.
F)
Capitalizingthefirstletterofeachwordisgoodforthetitleofslidesandsuggestsamoreformalsituationthanhavingjustthefirstletterofthefirstwordcapitalized.
Inbulletpointlines,
capitalizethefirstwordandnootherwordsunlesstheynormallyappearcapped.
Upperandlowercaseletteringismorereadablethanallcapitalletters.
Moreover,
currentstylesindicatethatusingallcapitallettersmeansyouareshouting.
Ifyouhavetextthatisinthewrongcase,
selectthetext,
andthenclickShift+F3untilitchangestothecasestylethatyoulike.
ClickingShift+F3togglesthetextcasebetweenALLCAPS,
lowercase,
andInitialCapitalstyles.
G)
Useboldoritalictypefaceforemphasis.
Avoidunderlining,
itcluttersupthepresentation.Don’tcenterbulletedlistsortext.
Itisconfusingtoread.
Leftalig