英美文学Chapter5Word下载.docx

英美文学Chapter5Word下载.docx

《英美文学Chapter5Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学Chapter5Word下载.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

（2）小说《儿子与情人》地主题和主要人物地性格分析

（3）意识流小说地主要特色分析

（4）萧伯纳戏剧地特点与社会意义分析

Ⅲ.考核知识点和考核要求

（一）现代时期概述

1．识记：

A.20世纪英国社会地政治.经济.文化背景

B．英国20世纪批判现实主义文学

C．现代主义文学地兴起与衰落

2．领会：

A.现代主义文学创作地基本主张

B．英国现代主义文学思潮

（1）诗歌

（2）小说（3）戏剧

3．应用：

A．名词解释：

B．英国现代主义文学地特点

C．现代主义文学对当代文学地影响

（二）现代时期地主要作家

A.萧伯纳

1．一般：

萧伯纳地生平与文学生涯.

2.A．萧伯纳地政治改革思想和文学创作主张B．萧伯纳地戏剧创作

（1）早期主要作品：

《鳏夫地房产》.《华伦夫人地职业》.《康蒂坦》.《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》

（2）中期作品：

《人与超人》.《巴巴拉少校》.《皮格马利翁》

（3）晚期作品：

《伤心之家》.《回到麦修色拉》.《圣女贞德》.《苹果车》

3.A．萧伯纳戏剧地特点与社会意义B．萧伯纳地戏剧对20世纪英国文学地影响

4．A．《华伦夫人地职业》地故事梗概.情节结构.人物塑造.语言风格.思想意义B．选读：

所选作品地主要内容.人物塑造.语言特点.艺术手法等

B．约翰·

高尔斯华绥

1．高尔斯华绥地生平与文学生涯2．高尔斯华绥地文学创作

（1）戏剧：

《银盒》.《正义》.《斗争》

（2）小说：

《福赛特世家》（《有产业地人》.《骑虎》.《出租》）.《现代喜剧》

3.A．高尔斯华绥地创作思想

B．高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说地主要特点及社会意义

4．选读：

所选作品地主要内容.人物性格.语言特点.叙述手法等

C.威廉·

勃特勒·

叶芝

1．叶芝地生平及文学生涯2．叶芝诗歌地代表作品

（1）早期诗歌：

《茵尼斯弗利岛》.《梦见仙境地人》.《玫瑰》

（2）中期诗歌：

《新地纪元》.《1916年地复活节》

（3）晚期诗歌：

《驶向拜占廷》.《丽达及天鹅》.《在学童们中间》

3．A．叶芝地诗歌创作思想B．叶芝诗歌地特点及思想意义C．叶芝诗歌地艺术成就D．叶芝地诗歌对当代英国文学地影响E．叶芝地戏剧创作

4．所选作品地主题思想.语言风格.艺术特色等

D.T．S．艾略特

1．艾略特地生平及创作生涯2．艾略特地主要诗歌作品

（1）《普鲁弗洛克地情歌》

（2）《荒原》（3）《灰星期三》（4）《四个四重奏》

3．A．艾略特地文学理论与文艺批评观B．艾略特诗歌地艺术特色及社会意义

C．艾略特地戏剧D.文略特地艺术成就

E．艾略特地文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学地影响

4．A．《荒原》主题.结构.神话.象征.语言特色及社会意义

B．选读：

所选作品地主题结构.思想内容.语言特点.艺术手法等

E．戴维·

赫伯特·

劳伦斯

1．劳伦斯地生平及文学生涯

2．劳伦斯地主要小说

（1）《儿子与情人》

（2）《虹》（3）《恋爱中地女人》

3．A．劳伦斯地创作思想

B．劳伦斯小说地主要艺术特色及社会意义

C．劳伦斯地小说对现当代英国文学地影响

4．A．《儿子与情人》地故事梗概.情节结构.人物塑造.语言风格.思想意义B．选读：

所选作品地主要内容.人物性格.语言特点.艺术手法等

F．詹姆斯·

乔伊斯

1．乔伊斯地生平与创作生涯2．乔伊斯地主要作品简介

（1）《都柏林人》

（2）《青年艺术家地肖像》（3）《尤利西斯》

3．A．乔伊斯地文学创作主张与美学思想B．乔伊斯小说地主要艺术特色及思想意义C．乔伊斯地艺术成就D．乔伊斯地作品对现当代世界文学地影响

4．A．意识流小说地主要特色分析B．选读：

所选作品地主题思想.人物塑造.语言特色.艺术手法等

1.Thesocial,ideologicalbackgroundofthemodernEnglishliterature:

（1）TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature:

Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.TheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWarhadgreatlyinfluencedtheEnglishliterature.ThecatastrophicFirstWorldWartremendouslyweakenedtheBritishEmpireandbroughtaboutgreatsufferingstoitspeopleaswell.Itsappallingshockseverelydestroyedpeople'

sfaithintheVictorianvalues;

ThepostwareconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusionproducedaprofoundimpactupontheBritishpeople,whocametoseetheprevalentwretchednessincapitalism.

TheSecondWorldWarmarkedthelaststageofthedisintegrationoftheBritishEmpire.Britainsufferedheavylossesinthewar:

thousandsofpeoplewerekilled;

theeconomywasruined;

andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost.Peoplewereineconomic,cultural,andbeliefcrises.

（2）Ideologically,theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.（a）Inthemid-19thcentury,KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardthetheoryofscientificsocialism,whichnotonlyprovidedaguidingprinciplefortheworkingpeople,butalsoinspiredthemtomakedauntlessfightsfortheirownemancipation.（b）Darwin'

stheoryofevolutionexertedastronginfluenceuponthepeople,causingmanytolosetheirreligiousfaith.ThesocialDarwinism,underthecoverof"

survivalofthefittest,"

vehementlyadvocatedcolonialismorjingoism.（c）Einstein'

stheoryofrelativityprovidedentirelynewideasfortheconceptsoftimeandspace.（d）Freud'

sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredourconceptionofhumannature.（e）ArthurSchopenhauer,apessimisticphilosopherstartedarebellionagainstrationalism,stressingtheimportanceofwillandintuition.（f）HavinginheritedthebasicprinciplesfromSchopenhauer,FriedrichNietzschewentfurtheragainstrationalismbyadvocatingthedoctrinesofpowerandsupermanandbycompletelyrejectingtheChristianmorality.（g）Basedonthemajorideasofhispredecessors,HenryBergsonestablishedhisirrationalphilosophywhichputtheemphasisoncreation,intuition,irrationalityandunconsciousness.Alltheseirrationalistphilosoph-

ersexertedimmenseinfluenceuponthemajormodernistwritersinBritain.

So,aftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared:

symbolism,expressionism,surrealism,cubism,futurism,Dadaism,imagismandstreamofconsciousness.Towardsthe1920s,thesetrendsconvergedintoamightytorrentofmodernistmovement,whichsweptacrossthewholeEuropeandAmerica.AftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"

theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony."

2.ThedevelopmentofEnglishpoetryinthe20thcentury:

The20thcenturyhaswitnessedagreatachievementinEnglishpoetry.Intheearlyyearsofthiscentury,ThomasHardyandthewarpoetsoftheyoungergenerationwereimportantrealisticpoets.Hardyexpressedhisstrongsympathiesforthesufferingpoorandhisbitterdisgustsatthesocialevilsinhispoetryasinhisnovels.Thesoldiers-poetsofWorldWarIrevealedtheappallingbrutalityofthewarinamostrealisticway.TheearlypoemsofPoundandEliotandYeats'

smaturedpoetrymarkedtheriseof"

modernpoetry,"

whichwas,insomesense,arevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry.Themodernistpoetsfoughtagainsttheromanticfuzzinessandself-indulgedemotionalism,advocatingnewideasinpoetrywritingsuchastousethelanguageofcommonspeech,tocreatenewrhythmsastheexpressionofanewmood,toallowabsolutefreedominchoosingsubjects,andtousehard,clearandpreciseimagesinpoems.

The1930switnessedgreateconomicdepressions,massunemployment,andtheriseoftheNazis.Facingsuchaseveresituation,mostoftheyoungintellectsstartedtoturntotheleft.Andthereforetheperiodwasknownas"

theredthirties."

Agroupofyoungpoetsduringthisperiodexpressedintheirpoetryaradicalpoliticalenthusiasmandastrongprotestagainstfascism.Withthecomingofthe1950s,therewasareturnofrealisticpoetryagain.Byadvocatingreason,moraldiscipline,andtraditionalforms,anewgenerationofpoetsstarted"

TheMovement,"

whichexplicitlyrejectedthemodernistinfluence.Therewasnosignificantpoeticmovementinthe1960s.Amultiplicityofchoicesopenedtoboththepoetandthereader.Poetsgraduallymovedintomoreindividualstyles.

3.Realisminthe20thcenturyEnglishliterature:

Therealisticnovelsintheearly20thcenturywerethecontinuationoftheVictoriantradition,yetitsexposingandcriticizingpoweragainstcapitalistevilshadbeensomewhatweakenedbothinwidthanddepth.TheoutstandingrealisticnovelistsofthisperiodwereJohnGalsworthy,H.G.Wells,andArnoldEennett.ThethreetrilogiesofGalsworthy'

sForsytenovelsaremasterpiecesofcriticalrealismintheearly20thcentury,whichrevealedthecorruptedcapitalistworld.Inhisnovelsofsocialsatire,H.G.Wellsmaderealisticstudiesoftheaspirationsandfrustrationsofthe"

LittleMan;

"

whereasBennettpresentedavividpictureoftheEnglishlifeintheindustrialMidlandsinhisbestnovels.

Realismwas,toacertainextent,eclipsedbytherapidriseofmodernisminthe1920s.Butwiththestrongswingofleftisminthe1930s,novelistsbegantoturntheirattentiontotheurgentsocialproblems.Theyalsoenrichedthetraditionalwaysofcreationbyadoptingsomeofthemodernisttechniques.However,therealisticnovelsofthisperiodweremoreorlesstouchedbyapessimisticmood,preoccupiedwiththethemeofman'

sloneliness,andshapedindifferentforms:

socialsatiresbyAldousHuxleyandGeorgeOrwellcomicsatiresontheEnglishupperclassbyEvelynWaugh;

andCatholicnovelsbyGrahamGreene.Anotherimportantgroupofyoungnovelistsandplaywrightswithlower-middle-classorworking-classbackgroundinthemid-1950sandearly1960sknownas"

TheAngryYoungMan."

TheydemonstratedaparticulardisillusionoverthedepressingsituationinBritainandlaunchedabitterprotestagainsttheoutmodedsocialandpoliticalvaluesintheirsociety.KingsleyAmis,JohnWain,JohnBraineandAlanSillitoewerethemajornovelistsinthisgroup.Theyportrayedunadornedworking-classlifeintheirnovelswithgreatfreshnessandvigoroftheworking-classlanguage.Amiswasthefirsttostarttheattackonmiddle-classprivilegesandpowerinhisnovelLuckyJim（1954）.Theterm"

TheAngryYoungMan"

cametobewidely.

Havingbeenmergedandinterpenetratedwithmodernisminthepastseveraldecades,therealisticnovelofthe1960sand1970sappearedinanewfacewitharicher,morevigorousandmorediversifiedstyle.

1.ModernEnglishpoetry:

Itis,insomesense,arevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry.Themodernistpoetsfoughtagainsttheromanticfuzzinessandself-indulgedemotionalism,advocatingnewideasinpoetrywritingsuchastousethelanguageofcommonspeech,tocreatenewrhythmsastheexpressionofanewmood,toallowabsolutefreedominchoosingsubjects,andtousehard,clearandpreciseimagesinpoems.

2.ModernEnglishnovels:

Thefirstthreedecadesof20thcenturyweregoldenyearsofthemodernistnovel.Instimulatingthetechnicalinnovationsofnovelcreation,thetheoryoftheFreudianandJungianpsycho-analysisplayedaparticularlyimportantrole.Withthenotionthatmultiplelevelsofconsciousnessexistedsimultaneouslyinthehumanmind,tha