英美文学Chapter5Word下载.docx

1、（2）小说儿子与情人地主题和主要人物地性格分析（3）意识流小说地主要特色分析（4）萧伯纳戏剧地特点与社会意义分析.考核知识点和考核要求（一）现代时期概述1识记：A. 20世纪英国社会地政治.经济.文化背景B英国20世纪批判现实主义文学C现代主义文学地兴起与衰落2领会：A. 现代主义文学创作地基本主张B英国现代主义文学思潮（1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧3应用：A名词解释：B英国现代主义文学地特点C现代主义文学对当代文学地影响（二）现代时期地主要作家A.萧伯纳1一般：萧伯纳地生平与文学生涯.2. A萧伯纳地政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B萧伯纳地戏剧创作（1）早期主要作品：鳏夫地房产.华伦夫人地

2、职业.康蒂坦.凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉（2）中期作品：人与超人.巴巴拉少校.皮格马利翁（3）晚期作品：伤心之家.回到麦修色拉.圣女贞德.苹果车3. A萧伯纳戏剧地特点与社会意义B萧伯纳地戏剧对20世纪英国文学地影响4A华伦夫人地职业地故事梗概.情节结构.人物塑造.语言风格.思想意义 B选读：所选作品地主要内容.人物塑造.语言特点.艺术手法等B约翰高尔斯华绥1高尔斯华绥地生平与文学生涯 2高尔斯华绥地文学创作（1）戏剧：银盒.正义.斗争（2）小说：福赛特世家（有产业地人.骑虎.出租）.现代喜剧3. A高尔斯华绥地创作思想B高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说地主要特点及社会意义4选读：所选作品地主要内容.人物性

3、格.语言特点.叙述手法等C.威廉勃特勒叶芝1叶芝地生平及文学生涯 2叶芝诗歌地代表作品（1）早期诗歌：茵尼斯弗利岛.梦见仙境地人.玫瑰（2）中期诗歌：新地纪元.1916年地复活节（3）晚期诗歌：驶向拜占廷.丽达及天鹅.在学童们中间3A叶芝地诗歌创作思想 B叶芝诗歌地特点及思想意义C叶芝诗歌地艺术成就 D叶芝地诗歌对当代英国文学地影响 E叶芝地戏剧创作4所选作品地主题思想.语言风格.艺术特色等D.TS艾略特1艾略特地生平及创作生涯 2艾略特地主要诗歌作品（1）普鲁弗洛克地情歌（2）荒原（3）灰星期三（4）四个四重奏3A艾略特地文学理论与文艺批评观 B艾略特诗歌地艺术特色及社会意义C艾略特地戏剧

4、D. 文略特地艺术成就E艾略特地文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学地影响4 A荒原主题.结构.神话.象征.语言特色及社会意义B选读：所选作品地主题结构.思想内容.语言特点.艺术手法等E戴维赫伯特劳伦斯1劳伦斯地生平及文学生涯2劳伦斯地主要小说（1）儿子与情人（2）虹（3）恋爱中地女人3 A 劳伦斯地创作思想B 劳伦斯小说地主要艺术特色及社会意义C 劳伦斯地小说对现当代英国文学地影响4 A儿子与情人地故事梗概.情节结构.人物塑造.语言风格.思想意义 B选读：所选作品地主要内容.人物性格.语言特点.艺术手法等F詹姆斯乔伊斯1乔伊斯地生平与创作生涯 2乔伊斯地主要作品简介（1）都柏林人（2）青年

5、艺术家地肖像（3）尤利西斯3A 乔伊斯地文学创作主张与美学思想B 乔伊斯小说地主要艺术特色及思想意义 C乔伊斯地艺术成就 D乔伊斯地作品对现当代世界文学地影响4A 意识流小说地主要特色分析B 选读：所选作品地主题思想.人物塑造.语言特色.艺术手法等1. The social, ideological background of the modern English literature: （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature:Modernism rose out of skepticism and disi

6、llusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed peoples faith

7、in the Victorian values; The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people, who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered h

8、eavy losses in the war: thousands of people were killed; the economy was ruined; and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic, cultural, and belief crises. （2） Ideologically, the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new exp

9、lorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism, which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people, but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipati

10、on. （b） Darwins theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people, causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism, under the cover of survival of the fittest, vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einsteins theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas f

11、or the concepts of time and space. （d） Freuds analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principle

12、s from Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors, Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis

13、 on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosoph-ers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So, after the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared: symbolism, expressionism, surrealism, cubism, fu

14、turism, Dadaism, imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s, these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement, which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater

15、 of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony.2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century:The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of th

16、is century, Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling bruta

17、lity of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeatss matured poetry marked the rise of modern poetry, which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness a

18、nd self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great eco

19、nomic depressions, mass unemployment, and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation, most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as the red thirties. A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political e

20、nthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s, there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason, moral discipline, and traditional forms, a new generation of poets started The Movement, which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no s

21、ignificant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles.3. Realism in the 20th century English literature:The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian traditi

22、on, yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy, H. G. Wells, and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthys Forsyte novels are masterpieces of crit

23、ical realism in the early 20th century, which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire, H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the Little Man; whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in

24、 his best novels. Realism was, to a certain extent, eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s, novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of

25、the modernist techniques. However, the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood, preoccupied with the theme of mans loneliness, and shaped in different forms: social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn W

26、augh; and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as The Angry Young Man. They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britai

27、n and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working

28、-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）. The term The Angry Young Man came to be widely.Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades, the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s app

29、eared in a new face with a richer, more vigorous and more diversified style. 1.Modern English poetry:It is, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocati

30、ng new ideas in poetry writing such as to use the language of common speech, to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems.2. Modern English novels:The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind, tha