句子结构专练教师版Word下载.docx
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4)It'
snousecryingoverspiltmilk.5)Toseeistobelieve.6)Whetherhecomesornotdoesn'
tmatter.7)It'
simportantforyoutofinishthistask.
8)Thewoundedarenowoutofdanger.5)
II.用正确的词性填空
1.Fighting___(fight)brokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.
2.Tocomplete_(complete)thebuildingintwomonthswillbeagreatachievement.
3.Success_(succeed)or_failure_____(fail)dependsonthesupportofthemasses.
4.Whathas___happened_____(happen)provesthatourpolicyisright.
5.__It___(its)happenedthatIwasn'
ttherethatday.
第二节谓语
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系(主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三种不同的形式:
1)动词Theyplantedmanytreesonthehill.
2)情态动词+动词Youmuststayathome.
3)系动词+表语Thereportisveryinteresting.
掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:
1)人称和数的变化
如:
Iworkinaforeigncountry.Heworksinaforeigncountry.
2)时态变化
如:
Iusuallygetupatsix.(一般现在时)Iamgettingupnow(现在进行时)
Igotupatfiveyesterday.(一般过去时)Iwillgetupatseventomorrow.(一般将来时)
Iwasgettingupwhenhecamein.(过去进行)Ihadgotupwhenhecametomyhouse.(过去完成)
ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgetup.(过去将来时)
3)语态变化
Thechildrencarriedschoolbags(主动)Schoolbagswerecarriedbythechildren.(被动)
4)语气变化如:
Iwasverybusy,soIdidn'
tgotoseehim.(真实语气)
IwouldhavegonetoseehimifIhadnotbeenverybusy.(虚拟语气)
练习题
I.指出下列句中谓语并注意变化形式
1.Theearthmovesroundthesun.2.Thefactoryhasalreadygoneintoproduction.
3.Wemustgetridofbadhabits.4.Anotherkindofpollutionisnoise.
5.Yoursentencedoesn'
tsoundright.6.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
7.Theweathercontinuedfineforseveraldays.
II.填入动词的适当形式
1.Fiftymiles___is____(be)notagreatdistance.
2.He___hasbeenmarried____(marry)forthreeyears.
3.Sofast___does__light__travel____(travel)thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
4.Alotoftrees____mustbeplanted__(must,plant)onthehills.
5.What__.is___theboydoing__(do)intheroom?
6.Thewomandid___stay___(stay)athomelastSunday.
III.完成下列各句
1.Iremember___goingtherebefore_______(去过那里)
2.Pleaseremember__tolockthedoor______(锁上门)whenyouleavetheroom.
3.Ilike__singingpopsongs_______(唱流行歌曲)
4.Ilike___tosinganEnglishsong___(唱一首英文歌曲)thistime.
5.Thecomputercan'
thelpsus___(to)solveeveryproblem____(解决所有的问题)
6.Thegirlcouldn'
thelp__crying_____(哭)whensheheardthenews.
IV.把下列句中的直接宾语提前
1.I'
llbuyyouanewshirt.1.I'
llbuyanewshirtforyou.
2.Showmeyourpassport.2.Showyoupassporttome.
3.Dobringmeyourtextbook.3.Dobringyourtextbooktome.
4.Pourmeacupoftea.4.Pouracupofteaforme.
5.Hepaidtheworkersthemoney.5.Hepaidthemoneytotheworkers.
第三节宾语
宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才会有宾语.宾语一般放在谓语动词之后.放在动词后的宾语叫做动词宾语,而放在介词之后的宾语叫做介词宾语.
作主语成分的词也可做宾语成分,如:
名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式等.
有一部分动词能跟双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)人称代词做间接宾语;
表示物的名词做直接宾语.能跟双宾语的动词有:
give,pass,choose,teach,buy,show,send,bring,cook一般
情况是间接宾语在前直接宾语在后,有时,需要直接宾语提前,这时需要在间接宾语之前加上"
to"
或"
for"
;
加"
to"
加"
由动词决定,动词有"
方向"
含义的用"
其余的用"
如:
givethebooktome把书给我passtheknifetoher把刀递给她
buyanicebookforme给我买本书
同源宾语是指一部分动词后跟上一个与它意义相同的宾语,如:
live,die,sleep,smiledream,fight,laugh例句:
Wearenowlivingahappylife.
复合宾语是指动词后的宾语带上自己的一个补足语.宾语与补足语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系.能跟复合宾语的动词有:
call,make,let,ask,tell,see,hear例句:
WecallhimTom.我们管他叫汤姆....(him)isTom
Isawhimgointotheclassroom.我看到他进了教室.....himgointotheclassroom
I.指出下列句中宾语并注意它们的形式
1.Crusoemadeanotherfenceroundhiscave.2.Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.
3.Shehaslearnedtoplaythepiano.4.Itistimeforsupper.
5.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
6.He'
sgoingtoteachusEnglishnextterm.
7.Couldyousparemeafewminutes?
8.Shesmiledherthanksassheturnedaway.
第四节表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态的,只有系动词之后才有表语.常见得系动词有:
be,become,appear,look,sound,seem,taste,smell,feel,get,grow,go,come
作表语的有:
名词,代词,形容词和分词,数词,副词,从句,不定式和动名词.如:
1)Myideaisthatwewaterthevegetablesfirst(从句)2)Imustbeoffnow.(副词)
3)Theirjobiscollectingstamps.(动名词)4)Threetimesfiveisfifteen.(数词)
5)Thematchbecameveryexciting.(现在分词)6)thechildfeelsmuchbettertoday.(形容词)
学习掌握表语应该注意以下三个区别:
1)名词作表语与形容词作表语的区别:
名词作表语回答"
What问题"
;
而形容词作表语回答"
How问题"
.例如:
Hisfatherisaworker.(Whatishisfather?
)
Hisfatheristall.(Howishisfather?
)
2)动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:
动名词作表语回答"
而现在分词作表语回答"
例如:
Myjobiscollectingstamps.(Whatisyourjob?
Thebookisinteresting.(Howisthebook?
3)现在分词作表语与现在进行时的区别:
现在分词作表语表示某物(人)是怎么样的;
而现在进行时则表示某人正在做某事.
例如:
Thefilmismoving.(这部电影很动人.)
Thechildrenaremovingthebigtable.(孩子们正挪动那长大桌子.)
I.找出下列各句中的表语并注意它们的形式
1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.Thestreetusedtobeverydirty.
3.Hiswishwastobecomeanengineer.4.Herjobisraisingpigs.
5.Thesituationisencouraging.6.Thedoorremainedlocked.
7.Wemustbeoffnow.8.Thatisagainsttheinterestsofthepeople.
9.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoourplan.10.Thequestionishowtorunthemachine.
II.用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Thenewssounds___inspiring___(inspire)
2.Weare__interested_(interest)inthestory.
3.Myworkis_toclean___(clean)theclassroomtomorrowmorning
4.Thepeopleinthecityarevery_happy__.(happiness)
5.Thatishisbook.Theoneonthedeskis___mine___(my).
第五节定语
定语是修饰成分,它用来修饰名词.用作定语的有形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,名词所有格,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语和定语从句。
形容词,代词,数词,名词所有格,单个分词或动名词和名词作定语时放在被修饰词之前;
副词,各种短语和从句作定语时放在被修饰词之后.
例如:
atallbuilding(tall为形容词 ),somebananas(some为代词),threescientists(three为数词),Betty'
sfather(Betty'
s为名词所有格),ateacup(tea为名词),thepeoplethere(there为副词),teachingplan(teaching为动名词),therunninghorse(running为现在分词),somethingtosay(tosay为动词不定式),thebooksonthedesk(onthedesk为介词短语),thepeopleinterestedinthefilm(interestedinthefilm为分词短语),theroomwhereIlive(whereIlive为定语从句)
掌握定语有两个值得注意的问题:
一、动名词与现在分词的区别,动名词作定语可以理解为...forv-ing,如:
aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming;
而现在分词作定语可以理解为:
...thatisv-ing如:
aninterestingstory=astorythatisinteresting二、复合形容词作定语,如:
athree-storey-highbuilding(一幢三层高的楼房)复合形容词中的名词为单数,一定要加连字符。
又如:
aone-mile-wideriver(一条一英里宽的河流)
I.找出下列各句中的定语并注意它们的形式
1.Ourcountryisagreatcountry.2.Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.
3.Thishastobepermittedbytheleadingcomrades.4.Heisamanlovedbyall.
5.Wemustworkfortheinterestsofthepeople.
6.Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?
7.ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShanghai.8.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
9.Doyouwantanythingelse?
10.Ihaveameetingtoattend.
II.翻译下列词组
1.amuchdiscussedtopic 6.athree-year-oldboy11.党员
2.aman-madesatelite 7.aone-mile-wideriver12.服务中心
3.achosentopic 8.一本很难读懂的书13.游泳池
4.runningwater 9. 没有做的工作14.昨天来的那个人
5.asleepingboy 10.将要举行的会议15.年底
Key:
1.热点题目;
2.人造卫星;
3.选题;
4.流动的水;
5.正睡觉的孩子;
6.三岁的孩子;
7.一英里宽的河;
8.abookdifficulttounderstand;
9.undonework10.ameetingtobeheld11.aPartymember;
12.aservicecentre;
13.aswimmingpool;
14.amanwhocameyesterday;
15.theendofayear
第六节状语
状语也是修饰成分,它是用来修饰动词,形容词或副词的。
它说明动作的时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、程度、伴随情况等等。
因此,状语分为:
时间状语、地点状语,方式状语、原因状语、结果状语,条件状语、程度状语、伴随状语等。
用作状语的有:
副词、介词短语、分词或分词短语、动词不定式、名词和从句,例句如下:
1.Suddenlyitbegantorain.天突然下起雨来。
suddenly为副词.
2.Accordingtotheplanwemustfinishtheworktomorrow.(按照计划我们必须明天完成这项工作。
accordingtotheplan为介词短语;
tomorrow为副词。
3.Hesattheresmoking.他坐在那里抽烟。
smoking现在分词。
4.Notknowingwhattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforadvice。
不知道怎么做,他决定向老师求得建议。
notknowingwhattodo为分词短语
5.TheotherdayIwenttoseeafriendofmineintown.
前几天我去看我城里的一位朋友。
theotherday为名词短语,toseeafriendofmineintown为不定式短语。
6.Waitamoment.等一会。
moment为名词
7.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we'
llgotoplanttrees.如果明天好,我们去植树。
ifitistomorrow为从句。
状语的位置比较灵活,一般有三个位置:
一,放在句尾。
如:
Wewenttotheparkyesterday.我们昨天去了公园。
二,放在句首。
UsuallyIreadthenewspaperinthemorning,butyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.我通常在早上读报,但是昨天我是晚上读的。
三,放在动词之前,在tobe或主动词或情态动词之后,这类的状语往往是单个副词。
often,still,never,also,always,already,usually,even,ever,quite,almost,certainly.
Healwayshelpsothers.他总是帮助别人。
Ishallneverforgetthatday.我永远不会忘记那一天。
在句中同时有时间状语和地点状语时,地点状语一般放在时间状语之前。
Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrowafternoon.
会议明天将在教室举行。
修饰形容词和副词的状语一般放在被修饰词之前。
Itisrainingveryhard.雨下得非常大。
enough修饰形容词或副词时,应放在形容词或副词之后。
Areyouwarmenough?
你够暖和吗?
I.找出下列各句中的状语并指出属于哪类状语
1.Thevisitorswerewarmlywelcomedbythestudents.
2.Hedidhisexperimentcarefullyinthelabyesterday.(方式)
3.Theydideverythingtheycou