句子结构专练教师版Word下载.docx

1、 4） Its no use crying over spilt milk . 5） To see is to believe . 6） Whether he comes or not doesnt matter. 7） Its important for you to finish this task . 8）The wounded are now out of danger . 5）II.用正确的词性填空1. Fighting _ （ fight ） broke out between the South and the North .2. To complete _ （ complete

2、 ） the building in two months will be a great achievement .3. Success _ （ succeed ） or _ failure _ （ fail ） depends on the support of the masses.4.What has _ happened _ （ happen ） proves that our policy is right . 5._ It _ （ its） happened that I wasnt there that day . 第二节 谓 语谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主

3、语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系（ 主动关系和被动关系）而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三种不同的形式: 1） 动词 They planted many trees on the hill . 2） 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home . 3） 系动词+ 表语 The report is very interesting .掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1） 人称和数的变化 如: I work in a foreign country . He works in a foreign country . 2） 时态变化 如: I usually

4、get up at six . （ 一般现在时） I am getting up now （现在进行时） I got up at five yesterday .（ 一般过去时） I will get up at seven tomorrow . （ 一般将来时）I was getting up when he came in . （ 过去进行）I had got up when he came to my house . （过去完成） I told my mother that I would get up . （过去将来时）3） 语态变化 The children carried scho

5、ol bags （主动） School bags were carried by the children . （被动）4） 语气变化 如: I was very busy ,so I didnt go to see him . （ 真实语气） I would have gone to see him if I had not been very busy . （ 虚拟语气）练习题I . 指出下列句中谓语并注意变化形式1. The earth moves round the sun . 2. The factory has already gone into production .3. We

6、 must get rid of bad habits. 4.Another kind of pollution is noise . 5. Your sentence doesnt sound right . 6. The leaves have turned yellow.7. The weather continued fine for several days .II. 填入动词的适当形式1.Fifty miles _ is _ （ be ） not a great distance . 2. He _ has been married _ （ marry ） for three ye

7、ars . 3. So fast _ does _ light _ travel _ （ travel ） that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . 4. A lot of trees _ must be planted _ （ must , plant ） on the hills . 5. What _.is _ the boy doing _ （ do ） in the room ? 6. The woman did _ stay _ （ stay ） at home last Sunday . III. 完成下列各句1. I

8、remember _ going there before _ （ 去过那里）2.Please remember _ to lock the door _ （ 锁上门）when you leave the room . 3.I like _ singing pop songs _（ 唱流行歌曲）4. I like _ to sing an English song _ （ 唱一首英文歌曲） this time . 5. The computer cant helps us _（to） solve every problem _（解决所有 的问题）6. The girl couldnt help

9、 _ crying _ （ 哭） when she heard the news .IV. 把下列句中的直接宾语提前1.Ill buy you a new shirt . 1. Ill buy a new shirt for you . 2. Show me your passport . 2. Show you passport to me .3.Do bring me your textbook. 3. Do bring your textbook to me . 4. Pour me a cup of tea. 4. Pour a cup of tea for me .5. He pai

10、d the workers the money . 5. He paid the money to the workers .第三节 宾 语宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才会有宾语.宾语一般放在谓语动词之后.放在动词后的宾语叫做动词宾语,而放在介词之后的宾语叫做介词宾语.作主语成分的词也可做宾语成分,如: 名词,代词, 数词, 动名词,不定式等.有一部分动词能跟双宾语 （直接宾语和间接宾语）人称代词做间接宾语;表示物的名词做直接宾语.能跟双宾语的动词有: give , pass , choose , teach , buy ,show , send , bring , coo

11、k 一般 情况是间接宾语在前直接宾语在后, 有时,需要直接宾语提前,这时需要在间接宾语之前加上to 或 for ;加to 加 由动词决定,动词有方向含义的用, 其余的 用 如 : give the book to me 把书给我 pass the knife to her 把刀递给她 buy a nice book for me 给我买本书同源宾语是指一部分动词后跟上一个与它意义相同的宾语,如: live , die , sleep , smile dream , fight, laugh 例句: We are now living a happy life . 复合宾语是指动词后的宾语带上自

12、己的一个补足语 .宾语与补足语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系.能跟复合宾语的动词有: call , make , let , ask , tell ,see , hear 例句:We call him Tom . 我们管他叫汤姆. . （ him ） is Tom I saw him go into the classroom . 我看到他进了教室. . him go into the classroom I.指出下列句中宾语并注意它们的形式1.Crusoe made another fence round his cave . 2. He gave up teaching only two yea

13、rs ago . 3. She has learned to play the piano . 4. It is time for supper . 5. Did you write down what he said ? 6. Hes going to teach us English next term .7.Could you spare me a few minutes ? 8.She smiled her thanks as she turned away . 第四节 表 语 表语是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态的,只有系动词之后才有表语. 常见得系动词有: be , become

14、, appear , look , sound , seem , taste ,smell ,feel, get , grow , go , come 作表语的有: 名词,代词,形容词和分词,数词, 副词,从句,不定式和动名词. 如:1） My idea is that we water the vegetables first（ 从句） 2） I must be off now. （ 副词）3） Their job is collecting stamps. （ 动名词） 4）Three times five is fifteen . （ 数词）5） The match became ver

15、y exciting . （ 现在分词）6） the child feels much better today .（形容词）学习掌握表语应该注意以下三个区别:1）名词作表语与形容词作表语的区别:名词作表语回答What问题;而形容词作表语回答How问题. 例如: His father is a worker . （ What is his father ?） His father is tall . （How is his father ? ）2）动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语回答而现在分词作表语回答 例如:My job is collecting stamps . （ Wh

16、at is your job ?The book is interesting . （ How is the book ?3）现在分词作表语与现在进行时的区别:现在分词作表语表示某物（人）是怎么样的;而现在进行时则表示某人正在做某事.例如: The film is moving . （ 这部电影很动人.） The children are moving the big table . （孩子们正挪动那长大桌子.）I .找出下列各句中的表语并注意它们的形式1.Beijing is the capital of China . 2. The street used to be very dirty

17、 . 3. His wish was to become an engineer . 4 .Her job is raising pigs. 5. The situation is encouraging . 6. The door remained locked . 7. We must be off now . 8. That is against the interests of the people . 9. My idea is that we should stick to our plan . 10. The question is how to run the machine

18、. II. 用所给词的正确形式填空1.The news sounds _ inspiring _ （ inspire ）2.We are _ interested _（ interest ） in the story . 3. My work is _ to clean _ （ clean ） the classroom tomorrow morning 4.The people in the city are very _ happy _ . （ happiness）5.That is his book . The one on the desk is _ mine _ （ my ） .第五

19、节 定 语定语是修饰成分,它用来修饰名词. 用作定语的有形容词,代词，数词，名词,副词，名词所有格，分词，动名词，不定式，介词短语和定语从句。形容词，代词，数词，名词所有格，单个分词或动名词和名词作定语时放在被修饰词之前；副词，各种短语和从句作定语时放在被修饰词之后.例如：a tall building（ tall 为形容词） , some bananas （some 为代词）, three scientists （ three 为数词），Bettys father （ Bettys 为名词所有格 ）， a tea cup （tea 为名词）， the people there （ there

20、 为副词），teaching plan （ teaching 为动名词），the running horse （ running 为现在分词），something to say （ to say 为动词不定式）， the books on the desk （ on the desk 为介词短语）, the people interested in the film （ interested in the film 为分词短语 ）， the room where I live （where I live 为定语从句）掌握定语有两个值得注意的问题：一、动名词与现在分词的区别 ，动名词作定语可以理

21、解为. for v-ing , 如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming ;而现在分词作定语可以理解为：. that is v-ing 如：an interesting story = a story that is interesting 二、复合形容词作定语，如： a three-storey-high building （ 一幢三层高的楼房） 复合形容词中的名词为单数，一定要加连字符。又如：a one-mile-wide river （一条一英里宽的河流）I.找出下列各句中的定语并注意它们的形式1. Our country is a great c

22、ountry . 2. His words moved everyone present . 3. This has to be permitted by the leading comrades . 4. He is a man loved by all .5.We must work for the interests of the people . 6. Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?7. The train which has just left is for Shanghai . 8. I have something imp

23、ortant to tell you . 9.Do you want anything else ? 10. I have a meeting to attend . II. 翻译下列词组1. a much discussed topic 6.a three-year-old boy 11.党员2. a man -made satelite 7.a one-mile-wide river 12.服务中心3. a chosen topic8.一本很难读懂的书 13.游泳池4. running water 9.没有做的工作 14.昨天来的那个人5. a sleeping boy10.将要举行的会议

24、 15.年底Key:1.热点题目;2.人造卫星;3.选题;4.流动的水;5.正睡觉的孩子;6.三岁的孩子;7.一英里宽的河;8.a book difficult to understand ;9. undone work 10.a meeting to be held 11. a Party member;12.a service centre ; 13.a swimming pool ; 14.a man who came yesterday ; 15. the end of a year 第六节 状 语状语也是修饰成分，它是用来修饰动词，形容词或副词的。它说明动作的时间、地点、方式、原因、

25、结果、条件、程度、伴随情况 等等。因此，状语分为：时间状语、地点状语，方式状语、原因状语、结果状语 ，条件状语 、程度状语、伴随状语等。用作状语的有 : 副词、介词短语、分词或分词短语、动词不定式、名词和从句，例句如下： 1. Suddenly it began to rain . 天突然下起雨来。suddenly 为副词.2. According to the plan we must finish the work tomorrow. （按照计划我们必须明天完成这项工作。according to the plan 为介词短语 ；tomorrow 为副词。3. He sat there sm

26、oking . 他坐在那里抽烟。smoking 现在分词。4. Not knowing what to do , he decided to ask the teacher for advice 。 不知道怎么做，他决定向老师求得建议。not knowing what to do 为分词短语5. The other day I went to see a friend of mine in town . 前几天我去看我城里的一位朋友。the other day 为名词短语，to see a friend of mine in town 为不定式短语。6. Wait a moment . 等一会

27、。 moment 为名词7.If it is fine tomorrow , well go to plant trees .如果明天好，我们去植树。if it is tomorrow 为从句。状语的位置比较灵活，一般有三个位置：一，放在句尾。如：We went to the park yesterday . 我们昨天去了公园。二 ，放在句首。Usually I read the newspaper in the morning , but yesterday I read them in the evening .我通常在早上读报， 但是昨天我是晚上读的。三，放在动词之前，在 to be 或

28、主动词或情态动词之后，这类的状语往往是单个副词。 often , still , never , also , always , already , usually ,even , ever , quite , almost , certainly . He always helps others . 他总是帮助别人。I shall never forget that day . 我永远不会忘记那一天。在句中同时有时间状语和地点状语时， 地点状语一般放在时间状语之前。 The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon.会议明天将在教室举行。修饰形容词和副词的状语一般放在被修饰词之前。It is raining very hard . 雨下得非常大。enough 修饰形容词或副词时，应放在形容词或副词之后。 Are you warm enough ? 你够暖和吗？I.找出下列各句中的状语并 指出属于哪类状语1.The visitors were warmly welcomed by the students . 2. He did his experiment carefully in the lab yesterday . （方式）3. They did everything they cou