国际经济学作业答案第一章Word文件下载.docx
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theUnitedStatesisa“Superpower.”
themilitarypoweroftheUnitedStatesmakesitlessdependentonanything.
theUnitedStatesinvestsinmanyothercountries.
manycountriesinvestintheUnitedStates.
A
Ancienttheoriesofinternationaleconomicsfromthe18thand19thCenturiesare:
notrelevanttocurrentpolicyanalysis.
areonlyofmoderaterelevanceintoday’smoderninternationaleconomy.
arehighlyrelevantintoday’smoderninternationaleconomy.
aretheonlytheoriesthatactuallyrelevanttomoderninternationaleconomy.
arenotwellunderstoodbymodernmathematicallyorientedtheorists.
Animportantinsightofinternationaltradetheoryisthatwhencountriesexchangegoodsandservicesonewiththeotherit
isalwaysbeneficialtobothcountries.
isusuallybeneficialtobothcountries.
istypicallybeneficialonlytothelowwagetradepartnercountry.
istypicallyharmfultothetechnologicallylaggingcountry.
tendstocreateunemploymentinbothcountries.
B
Iftherearelargedisparitiesinwagelevelsbetweencountries,then
tradeislikelytobeharmfultobothcountries.
tradeislikelytobeharmfultothecountrywiththehighwages.
tradeislikelytobeharmfultothecountrywiththelowwages.
tradeislikelytobeharmfultoneithercountry.
tradeislikelytohavenoeffectoneithercountry.
D
Benefitsofinternationaltradearelimitedto
tangiblegoods.
intangiblegoods.
allgoodsbutnotservices.
services.
Noneoftheabove.
Attemptstoexplainthepatternofinternationaltrade
havebeenamajorfocusofinternationaleconomists.
haveproventobehopeless.
haveproventobeatrivialexercise.
havebeenthepreoccupationofeconomicdevelopmenttheorists.
Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelong?
NAFTA
UruguayRound
WorldTradeOrganization
NoneTariffBarriers
Cost-benefitanalysisofinternationaltrade
isbasicallyuseless.
isempiricallyintractable.
focusesattentiononconflictsofinterestwithincountries.
focusesattentiononconflictsofinterestsbetweencountries.
Animprovementinacountry’sbalanceofpaymentsmeansadecreaseinitsbalanceofpaymentsdeficit,oranincreaseinitssurplus.Infactweknowthatasurplusinabalanceofpayments
isgood.
isusuallygood.
isprobablygood.
maybeconsideredbad.
isalwaysbad.
Thestudyofexchangeratedeterminationisrelatively
difficult.
newandmathematical.
old.
obtuse.
TheGATTwas
aninternationaltreaty.
aninternationalU.N.agency.
aninternationalIMFagency.
aU.S.governmentagency.
acollectionoftariffs.
Theinternationaldebtcrisisofearly1982wasprecipitatedwhen_____couldnotpayitsinternationaldebts.
Russia
Mexico
Brazil
Malaysia
China
Internationaleconomicscanbedividedintotwobroadsub-fields:
macroandmicro.
developedandlessdeveloped.
monetaryandbarter.
internationaltradeandinternationalmoney.
staticanddynamic.
Aprimaryreasonwhynationsconductinternationaltradeisbecauseofdifferencesin
historicalperspective.
location.
resourceavailabilities.
tastes.
incomes.
Internationaltradeissometimesusedasasubstituteforallofthefollowingexcept
internationalmovementsofcapital.
internationalmovementsoflabor.
domesticproductionofthesamegoodsorservices.
domesticproductionofdifferentgoodsandservices.
Internationaltradeforcesdomesticfirmstobecomemorecompetitiveintermsof
theintroductionofnewproducts.
productdesignandquality.
productreliability.
productprice.
Alloftheabove.
Themovementtofreeinternationaltradeismostlikelytogenerateshort-termunemploymentinwhichindustries?
Industriesproducingnon-tradablegoods
Import-competingindustries
Exportindustries
Importsectors
Internationaltradeislogicallyassociatedwithwhichassumption?
Resourcesarelessmobileinternationallythandomestically.
Resourcesaremoremobileinternationallythanaregoods.
Importsshouldexceedexports.
Exportsshouldexceedimports.
Argumentsforfreetradearesometimesdisregardedbythepoliticalprocessbecause
economiststendtofavorhighlyprotecteddomesticmarkets.
economistshaveauniversallyaccepteddecisivepoweroverthepoliticaldecisionmechanism.
maximizingconsumerwelfaremaynotbeachiefpriorityforpoliticians.
thegainsoftradeareofparamountconcerntotypicalconsumers.
Increasedforeigncompetitiontendsto
increaseprofitsofdomesticimport-competingindustries.
placeconstraintsonthewagesofdomesticworkers.
inducefallingoutputperworkerfordomesticworkers.
intensityinflationarypressuresathome
____________istheabilityofafirmtodesign,produce,andmarketgoodsandservicesthatarebetterand/orcheaperthanthoseofotherfirms.
Competitiveness
Protectionism
Comparativeadvantage
Interventionism
Foracountrytomaximizeitsproductivityinaglobaleconomy,itrequires
onlyimports.
onlyexports.
bothexportsandimports.
neitherexportsnorimports.
foreigndirectinvestment.
Proponentsoffreetradeclaimallofthefollowingasadvantagesexcept
relativelyhighwagelevelsforalldomesticworkers.
awiderselectionofproductsforconsumers.
increasedcompetitionforworldproducers.
theutilizationofthemostefficientproductionprocesses.
Afirm’s____,relativetothatofotherfirms,isgenerallyregardedasthemostimportantdeterminantofcompetitiveness.
incomelevel
tastes
preferences
productivity
environmentalregulation
Onelikelyeffectofmovingtofreeinternationaltradeisthat
amonopolyinthehomemarketbecomesanoligopolyintheworldmarket.
anoligopolyinthehomemarketbecomesamonopolyintheworldmarket.
apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesanoligopolist.
apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesamonopolist.
Internationaltradeingoodsandservicestendsto
increasealldomesticcostsandprices.
keepalldomesticcostsandpricesatthesamelevel.
lessentheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufactures.
increasetheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufacturers.
Therealincomeofdomesticproducersandconsumersmaybeincreasedby
technologicalprogress,butnotinternationaltrade.
internationaltrade,butnottechnologicalprogress.
neithertechnologicalprogressnorinternationaltrade.
bothtechnologicalprogressandinternationaltrade.
Asuddenshiftfromimporttariffstofreetrademaycauseshort-termunemploymentin
importcompetingindustries.
exportingindustries.
industriesthatneitherimportnorexport.
serviceindustries
Empiricalstudiesindicatethatproductivityperformanceis
directlyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustries.
inverselyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustries.
notrelatedtoglobalizationofindustries.
Anyoftheabove.
Aclosedeconomyisoneinwhich
importsexactlyequalexports.
domesticfirmsinvestinforeigncountries.
thehomeeconomyisisolatedfromforeigntradeorinvestment.
ThedominanttradingnationintheworldmarketsinceWorldWarIIwas
theUnitedKingdom.
theUnitedStates.
Japan.
Germany.
China.
Empiricalstudiesindicatethat_______________bestenhancesproductivitygrowthforlocalindustries
localcompetition
cut-throatcompetition
destabilizingcompetition
globalcompetition
Highlevelsofopennessaremostlikelyassociatedwithacountry’s
politicalorientation.
size.
resourceavailability.
historicalassociationwithforeignentanglingalliances.
⏹ EssayQuestions
Itisarguedthatsmallcountriestendhavemoreopeneconomiesthanlargeones.Isthisempiricallyverified?
Whatarethelogicalunderpinningsofthisargument?
Yes.Theydonothavesufficientresourcestosatisfyconsumptionneeds;
andalsodonothaveasufficientlylargemarkettoenabletheirindustriestoavailthemselvesofscaleeconomypossibilities.
Anotheranswerwouldrelyonalocationargument.Assumethatthe“natural”marketforanygivenplantisacirclewitharadiusofnmileswiththeplantatitscenter.Assumingthattheproductionplantsarelocatedrandomlythroughoutthecountry,thentheprobabilitythatthetypicalcircularmarketwillencompasssomeforeigncountryisgreaterthesmalleristheco