高中英语新高考阅读理解指导与解读实战篇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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句子、句群、段落)之间的语义关系,如次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系。
4)比喻、拟人、强调、反讽等修辞手段在语篇中的表意功能及常见用法;
5)段首句、主题句、过渡句的位置与行文特征;
6)语篇中信息组织方式,如:
语篇中新旧信息的布局以及承接关系;
7)语境在语篇理解和语篇产出过程中的作用;
语境与语篇结构、语篇内容的关系,如,通过语境预测语篇内容,通过语篇的内容推测语篇发生的语境。
B
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Iusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthatidealjob,thatperfectboyfriend,thatbeautifulapartment.Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,Ifeltanxiousandadrift.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschoolforpositivepsychologytolearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.
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Andwhat’sthedifferencebetweenbeinghappyandhavingmeaninginlife?
Manypsychologistsdefinehappinessasastateofcomfortandease,feelinggoodinthemoment.Meaning,though,isdeeper.TherenownedpsychologistMartinSeligmansaysmeaningcomesfrombelongingtoandservingsomethingbeyondyourselfandfromdevelopingthebestwithinyou.Ourcultureisobsessed(痴迷于)withhappiness,butIcametoseethatseekingmeaningisthemorefulfillingpath.
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Therearefourpillars(支柱)ofameaningfullife.
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Thefirstpillarisbelonging.Belongingcomesfrombeinginrelationshipswhereyou’revaluedforwhoyouareintrinsicallyandwhereyouvalueothersaswell.Formanypeople,belongingisthemostessentialsourceofmeaning.
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Forothers,thekeytomeaningisthesecondpillar:
purpose.Findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingthatjobthatmakesyouhappy.Ahospitalcustodiantoldmeherpurposeishealingsickpeople.Manyparentstellme,“Mypurposeisraisingmychildren.”Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthstoserveothers.Withoutsomethingworthwhiletodo,peopleflounder.
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Thethirdpillarofmeaningisalsoaboutsteppingbeyondyourself,butinacompletelydifferentway:
transcendence(超然).Transcendentexperiencescanchangeyou.Transcendentstatesarethoseraremomentswhenyou’reliftedabovethehustleandbustleofdailylife,yoursenseofselffadesaway,andyoufeelconnectedtoahigherreality.Forme,I’mawriter,andithappensthroughwriting.SometimesIgetsointhezonethatIloseallsenseoftimeandplace.
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Thefourthpillarisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourselfaboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclarity.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.Butwedon’talwaysrealizethatwe’retheauthorsofourstoriesandcanchangethewaywe’retellingthem.Yourlifeisn’tjustalistofevents.Youcanedit,interpretandretellyourstory,evenasyou’reconstrainedbythefacts.
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That’sthepowerofmeaning.Happinesscomesandgoes.Butwhenlifeisreallygoodandwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.
58.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Lifecanbefulfilledbylandingidealjobs.
B.Lifedilemmaiseasyforustogetoutof.
C.Happinessisthecorevaluesinourculture.
D.Happinessiswhatmostpeoplepursue.
59.Fromthefourpillarsofameaningfullife,wecanknowthat________.
A.nothingisasessentialasourceofmeaningasbelonging
B.purposeislessaboutwhatyouwantthanwhatyougive
C.transcendentfadeseasilyandrarelymakesuscheerful
D.thewayoftellingstoriesguaranteesameaningfullife
60.Thepassageaimstotellusthat________.
A.meaningismoreimportantthanhappiness
B.seekingmeaningdoesmoregoodthanbad
C.chasinghappinesscanmakepeopleunhappy
D.meaninghasdeeperpsychologicalsignificance
【语篇解读】
主题:
人与自我——追求生活的意义,而不仅仅是追求快乐;
词数:
444W;
体裁:
说明文;
难度:
★★★
大意:
本文说明了追求快乐对于生活的重要性,但作者认为更重要的是找寻生活本身的价值和意义。
结构:
本文语篇结构类型为:
概括——具体类,分析如下:
结构划分
具体信息
Para1
由于人人都说成功是通往快乐的途径,作者过去也曾认为生活的意义就在于追求快乐——找到理想工作的快乐,完美的另一半的快乐,以及奢华的公寓的快乐。
但是作者却从来未感到满足,反而更焦虑和浮躁。
Para2
心理学家认为快乐就是一种无忧无虑的、感到幸福的状态和时光,但是生活的意义则更加意味深远。
因此作者改变了之前的看法,意识到追求生活的意义才是更有满足感的。
Para3-7
有意义的生活的第一个支柱:
归属感。
有意义的生活的第二个支柱:
目的性。
有意义的生活的第三个支柱:
超越自我限制,进入超然的状态。
有意义的生活的第四个支柱:
讲故事。
Para
8
总结,说明意义才是生活的主流,给予你生活中值得坚持的部分,而快乐是稍纵即逝的。
【答案详解】
1.D
推理判断题
【定位句】Ourcultureisobsessedwithhappiness.
【翻译】我们的文化群体痴迷于追求快乐。
【解析】定位句的culture含义为“文化(某群体或组织的一致看法和态度)”,这与选项D“快乐是大多数人所追求的”完全吻合。
由此可知选项D符合文意。
【干扰项排除】A项“得到理想的工作,生活便有了意义”可以从文中第一段“...,soIsearchedforthatidealjob,thatperfectboyfriend,thatbeautifulapartment.Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,Ifeltanxiousandadrift.”得知作者在寻找理想的工作时并未感到满足,反而是更加焦虑和浮躁。
B项“生活的困境难以摆脱”和文意不符,因为第一、二段始终围绕happiness和meaning来展开,并未提及dilemma。
C项“快乐是我们文化中的核心价值观”是迷惑性较强的一项,但是“corevalues”与“beobsessedwith”存在感情色彩上的巨大差别。
前者表示“核心观念、中流砥柱”,往往是为大部分人所接受的,最重要的,有正确导向的观念和看法,而obsessed则是指“受……困扰,对……着迷”,强调无法离开某事物,不断去思考某事物,甚至感到心神不宁,感情色彩主要是贬义的。
从这一点上来看,C项明显错误。
故排除。
2.B
细节理解题
【定位句】Findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingthatjobthatmakesyouhappy...Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthstoserveothers.
【翻译】找到你的目标和找到让你感到快乐的工作不是一回事……找到目标的关键在于尽己所能帮助他人。
【解析】B项“目的性更多是关于你所给予的,而不是你所渴望得到的”准确地表达了定位句的意思。
由此可知选项B符合文意
【干扰项排除】A项“作为生活意义的来源,没有什么比归属感更重要”说法绝对化,扩大了范围。
原文语句“Formanypeople,belongingisthemostessentialsourceofmeaning.”中formanypeople是很明显的限定语。
C项“超然稍纵即逝,很少让我们感到快乐”表述错误,原文中语句“Transcendentexperiencescanchangeyou.Transcendentstatesarethoseraremomentswhenyou’reliftedabovethehustleandbustleofdailylife,yoursenseofselffadesaway,andyoufeelconnectedtoahigherreality.”重点在于说明超然是人们远离世俗,超越自我限制,类似于庄子《逍遥游》中表达的一种追求绝对自由的人生观:
忘却物我的界限,达到无己、无功、无名的境界。
而这和选项C表述明显矛盾。
D项“讲故事为有意义的生活提供了保障”文中未提及。
3.A
主旨大意题
【解析】本题较为简单,根据以上分析不难得出本文主旨为“追求生活的意义远比追求快乐更重要”。
【技巧】纵观全文,作者始终没有离开对meaning和happiness的讨论,也就是说这两个词是文中的关键词,起到总结全文的作用。
选项BCD均为单方面讨论,因此易排除。
C
In2015apaperpublishedinasciencemagazinereportedonthepersonalitytypesofpeoplelivinginvariousLondondistricts.Extroverts(外向的人),theresearcherswhowroteithaddiscovered,favoredRichmond.ThosewhoweremostopentoexperiencegatheredinHackney.PeopleinBarnetscoredlowerthanaverageonemotionalstability.
Whatthisstudydidnotaddresswaswhethersomeone’shomerangereflectstheirpersonalitytraitsorimposesthem.Inotherwords,iswhatisgoingon“nature”or“nurture”(培育)?
However,inapieceofresearchjustpublished,Dr.HoltmannofOtagoUniversity,inNewZealand,andhiscolleagueshavefilledthatgap—atleast,theyhavefilleditfordunnocks.
ThedunnockisaEuropeanbird.Ithas,though,beenintroducedtoNewZealandanditspopulationhasboomedthere.Itisawell-studiedspecies,and,inparticular,some
beingmeasurablybolder(更大胆的)andmoretolerantofpotentialthreats,suchasnearbyhumanbeings,thanothers.Theteam’sresearchareawastheBotanicGardeninDunedin.Thisisopentothepublic,butsomeareasaremorefrequentedbyvisitorsthanothers.Dunnockshavesmallterritories,soitwaspossibletomeasuretheamountofhumandisturbanceinagiventerritorywithreasonableprecision.And,bywrappingeachofthedunnocksinthegardenwithcolour-codedbandsitwaspossibletoidentifyindividualsbysight.Altogether,theresearcherslookedat99ofthem.
Theyworkedoutabird’slevelofthreattolerancebythesimplemethodofwalkingtowardsit,andthenmeasuringhowcloseonecouldgetbeforethebirdflewaway.Theydidthisseveraltimesforeachbirdeverybreedingseason,andrepeatedtheprocessoverthecourseofthreeseasons.
Aparticularbird’sflightdistance(ie,howcloselyitcouldbeapproachedbeforeitdeparted)was,theyfound,consistentwithinabreedingseason.Fromseasontoseasonmostbirdsgotalittlebolder—probablyastheylearntmoreabouttheworldandwhattheycouldsafelygetawaywith.Butthisincreaseinboldnesswithagewassmallcomparedwiththedifferentstartingpointsofboldandshybirdswhentheyfirstarrivedinaterritory.Itdidnot,therefore,muchaffectthefactthat,onaverage,birds’flightdistanceswereinverselycorrelated(负相关)withthelevelofhumandisturbanceintheirterritories.Thiswasaconsequenceofdisturbedterritoriesbeingsettledbyboldbirds,andundisturbedterritoriesbyshyones.
Inthecaseofdunnocks,then,naturewinsovernurture.Dr.Holtmannwasabletoshowthatpersonalitiesmatchcircumstances,ratherthanbeingcreatedbythem.Dunnockscanrecognizewhichplacessuitthembest,andchoosetosettleinthemshortlyaftertheyarefullyfledged(羽翼丰满).Mostlikely,thatishappeninginLondondistricts,too.
61.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thatgap”inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A.Whatthepaperpublishedin2015failedtohandle.
B.WhyextrovertsfavourcertainareasinLondondistrict.
C.HowDr.Holtmanninvolveddunnocksinhisstudy.
D.Whattheformerandlatterstudyhaveincommon.
62.FromParagraph3,wecanknowthatdunnocks________.
A.arenativetoNewZealand
B.havedistinctpersonalities
C.arebolderthanhumanbeings
D.canbeeasilyidentifiedbyitscolor
63.WhatconclusiondidDr.Holtmanndrawfromhisstudy?
A.It’snurtureratherthannaturethatmattersinthecaseofdunnocks’behaviour.
B.Birds’flightdistanceswereinproportiontohumandisturbanceintheirterritories.
C.Dunnockschoosetheirhabitatswiselyinthefirstplaceratherthanadapttothem.
D.Boldbirdsandshybirdsalikesettleinundisturbedterritoriesinthebotanicgarden.
64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.Toarguethatcircumstancescultivatecertainpersonalities.
B.Toentertainreaderswithsomefunnyfactsaboutdunnocks.
C.Topresentthefindingofa