专八改错模拟题Word文件下载.docx

专八改错模拟题Word文件下载.docx

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onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburnt__7

tenmilesaway.Colorfulvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtoseven__8

millionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,thethirdto__9

blue.Bymonitoringhowmanywavelengthoflightaffectsthedifferentcones,aconnectedganglioncellcandetermineits“color”andrelaythatdata.Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsingon__10

average20to25timespersecondalongtheopticnerve.

模拟2

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themostdevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themore__1

societiestakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishment__2

ofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealingwith__3

anactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonalcarryingoutjudgmentandpunishment__4

uponthepersonwhodidtheoffense.__5

Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomespersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityfor__6

protectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswherehecannotbe__7

protected,thesocietyisresponsibleforcommittingpunishment.__8

Inastatecontrollinglegalsystem,individualsareremoved__9

fromthecircleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthe__10

stateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

模拟3

Therearethreemaingroupsofoils:

animal,vegetableandmineral.Greatnumbersofanimaloilcomefromwhales,thoseenormous__1

creaturesoftheseawhicharethelargestremaininganimalsintheworld.ToprotectthewhalefromthecoldoftheArcticseas,naturehasprovideditwithathickcoveroffatcalledblubber.Whenthe__2

whaleiskilled,theblubberisstrippedoffandboileddown,eitherboardtheshiporonshore.Itproducesagreatquantityofoilwhich__3

canbemadeintofoodforhumanconsumption.Afewothercreaturesyieldoil,andnonesomuchasthewhale.Theliversofthecodand__4

thehalibut,twokindsoffish,yieldnourishingoil.Bothcodliveroilandhalibutliveroilaregiventosickchildrenandotherinvalidswhoneedcertainvitamins.Theseoilsmaybeboughtatanychemist.Vegetableoilhasbeenknownfromantiquity.__5

Nohouseholdcannotgetonwithoutit,foritisusedincooking.To__6

theordinaryman,onekindofoilmaybeasimportantasanother.Butwhenthepoliticianortheengineerreferstooil,onealmostalways__7

meansmineraloil,theoilthatdrivestanks,aeroplanesandwarships,motor-carsanddiesellocomotives;

theoilthatisusedtolubricateallkindsofmachineries.Thisistheoilthathaschangedthelife__8

ofthecommonmen.Toitweowetheexistenceofthemotor-car,__9

whichhasreplacedtheprivatehorse-drawingcarriage.__10　

模拟4

Dinosaurs,saber-toothtigersandthedodobirdarefamousexamples__1

ofanimalsthathavebecomeextinct.Incaseofthedinosaurs,it__2

seemslikelythatacatastrophiceventalterstheglobalclimate__3

enoughtoleadtotheirdisappearance.Morerecentextinctionsandnear-extinctions－suchasthebluewhales,tiger,panda,and__4

NorthAmericanbison—havebeenthedirectresultofhumanactivity.Bytheearly1990s,specieswerebecomingextinctatarateofthreeperhour,or27,000everyday–afigurequotedbytheAmericanbiologistEdwardofHarvardUniversity,basedonhismostconservativeestimates.Thisrateofextinctionscarrieswithitsometerribleconsequences.Eachplantthatbecomesextinct,forexample,maytakewithitasmuchas30insectsandanimals__5

thatdependonitforfood.Habitatlossisoneofthemostimportantcausesofextinction.Forrisingpopulationsinmanycountries__6

leadtotheclearingofmoreland,habitatssuchasrainingforest__7

andgrasslandsdisappear.IntheEastAfrica,oncerenownedforitswildlife,fewwildanimals__8

remainlivingoutsidetheboundariesofnationalparksandgame__9

reserves.Inotherpartsoftheworld,coastalecosystemsareclearing__10

fordevelopment.Wetlandareasaredryingoutasaresultofwaterextractiontosupportfarmingandtourism.Birdspeciesareamong　theworstaffectedbythelossofwetlands.

模拟5

Now,itisclearthatthedeclineofalanguagemustultimatelyhavepoliticalandeconomicalcauses:

itisnotduesimplytothebad__1

influenceofthisorthatindividualwriters.Butaneffectcanbecome__2

acause,reinforcetheoriginalcauseandproducingthesameeffect__3

inanintensifiedform,andsoonindefinitely.Amanmaytakedrink__4

becausehefeelshimselftobeafailure,andthenfailallthemost__5

completelybecausehedrinks.ItisratherthesamethingthatishappeningtotheEnglishlanguage.Itbecomesuglyandinaccuratebecauseourthoughtsarefoolish,buttheslovenofourlanguage__6

makesiteasierforustohavefoolishthoughts.Thepointisthattheprocessisirreversible.ModernEnglish,especiallywrittenEnglish,__7

isfullofbadhabitswhichspreadbyimitationandwhichcanbeavoidedifoneiswillingtotakethenecessarytrouble.Ifonegetsridofthesehabitsonecanthinkmoreclearly,andthinkclearlyisa__8

necessaryfirststeptowardspoliticalregeneration:

sothatthefightagainstbadEnglishisnotfrivolousandisnottheexclusiveconcerning__9

ofprofessionalwriters.Iwillcomebacktothispresent,andIhope__10

thatbythattimethemeaningofwhatIhavesaidherewillhavebecomeclearer.

模拟6

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightedpeople__1

thaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelatesanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.__2

Thesediseases,therefore,mayhaveasmuchtodowithour__3

wayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessiveweight.And__4

theassociateriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemore__5

aboutadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiberthana__6

weightrealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,but　thatweneitherexerciseenoughoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessary__7

forstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanyshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiononweight.__8

Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardyifthosewho__9

get（oralreadyare）thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurelyvainglory.__10 

模拟7

Tobecalledbeautifulisthoughttonamesomethingessentialtowomen’scharacterandconcerns.（Incontrastbymenwhose__1

essenceistobestrong,oreffective,orcompetent.）Itdoesnotneedsomeoneinthethroesoffeministawarenesstoperceivethat__2

thewaywomenaretaughttobeinvolvedinbeautyencourages__3

narcissism,reinforcesindependenceandimmaturity.Everybodyknows__4

that.Foritis“everybody”,awholesociety,whichhasidentified__5

beingfemininewithcaringabouthowonelooks.Givingthese__6

stereotypes,itisnowonderthatbeautyenjoys,atbest,arathermixedreputation.

Itisnot,ofcourse,thedesiretobebeautifuliswrongbutthe__7

obligationtobe.Womenaretaughttoseetheirbodiesinparts,andtoassesseachpartseparately.Breasts,feet,hips,waistline,neck,__8

eyes,nose,complexion,hair,andsoon–eachbyturnissubmitted__9

toananxiousscrutiny.Evenifsomepassthescrutiny,somewillalwaysbefoundwanted.Nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo.__10

模拟8

Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich__1

haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthelargest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome__2

monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenoneoccasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People__3

foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfromonewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholeresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas__4

“greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEnglandwasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelongedtothesincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof__5

wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,andexploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.__6

EventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsoftheInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhalehuntingisregulated,buttheearth'

sstockofwhalesisstillbeing__7

depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow__8

theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindwillbeblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand__9

awe-inspiringcreaturethatal