专八改错模拟题Word文件下载.docx

1、 once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt _7ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven _8million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red

2、, another to green, the third to _9blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its “color” and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on _10average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.模拟 2The v

3、iolence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more _1societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment _2of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with _3an act of violence is reven

4、ge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment _4upon the person who did the offense. _5But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for _6protecting individuals fro

5、m violence. In cases where he cannot be _7protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. _8In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed _9from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the _10state assumes responsibility for their protection.模拟 3There

6、 are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous _1creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of

7、fat called blubber. When the _2whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which _3can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the c

8、od and _4the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. _5No household can not get on without

9、 it, for it is used in cooking. To _6the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always _7means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is us

10、ed to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life _8of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, _9which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. _10 模拟4Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples _1of animals that

11、have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it _2seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate _3enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctionssuch as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and _4North American bisonhave been the direct result of hu

12、man activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each

13、 plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals _5that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries _6lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest _7an

14、d grasslands disappear.In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals _8remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game _9reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing _10for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water

15、 extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are amongthe worst affected by the loss of wetlands.模拟5Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad _1influence of this or that individual writers. But an

16、 effect can become _2a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect _3in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink _4because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most _5completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is h

17、appening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language _6makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, _7is full of bad habits whic

18、h spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a _8necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not t

19、he exclusive concerning _9of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope _10that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.模拟6Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health is true that in this country we have more overweighted people _1t

20、han ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. _2These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our _3way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And _4the associate risk of cancer in the digestive s

21、ystem may be more _5about a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiber than a _6weight real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, butthat we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary _7for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat

22、 can also help the body avoid many should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. _8Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who _9get（or already are） thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness c

23、an be purely vainglory. _10 模拟7To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to womens character and concerns. （In contrast by men whose _1essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.） It does not need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that _2the way wom

24、en are taught to be involved in beauty encourages _3narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity. Everybody knows _4that. For it is “everybody”, a whole society, which has identified _5being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these _6stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoy

25、s, at best, a rather mixed reputation. It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the _7obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, _8eyes, nose, complexion, hair, and so on each by turn

26、 is submitted _9to an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some will always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. _10模拟8The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which _1have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. Peopl

27、e in ancient times thought whales as fearsome _2monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People _3found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole resem

28、ble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as _4“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the Kings fish” because it automatically belonged to the since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of _5wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture

29、, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. _6Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earths stock of whales is still being _7depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now _8there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and _9awe-inspiring creature that al