《英语教学论》课程作业习题集.doc

《英语教学论》课程作业习题集.doc

《《英语教学论》课程作业习题集.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《英语教学论》课程作业习题集.doc（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语教学论作业习题集

Unit1LanguageandLanguageLearning

1.Whatarethethreeviewsonlanguage?

1）Structuralviewonlanguage:

Thestructuralviewseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:

fromphonological,morphological,lexical,etc.tosentences.Eachlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuchstructuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Thisviewonlanguagelimitsknowingalanguagetoknowingitsstructuralrulesandvocabulary.

2）Functionalviewonlanguage:

Thefunctionalviewseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsoasameansfordoingthings.Learnerslearnalanguageinordertobeabletodothingswithit.Toperformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethegrammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatperformthefunctions.Thisviewonlanguageaddstheneedtoknowhowtousetherulesandvocabularytodowhateveritisonewantstodo.

3）Interactionalviewonlanguage:

Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Therefore,learnersnotonlyneedtoknowthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguagebutasimportantlytheyneedtoknowtherulesforusingtheminawholerangeofcommunicativecontexts.Thisviewonlanguagesaysthattoknowhowtodowhatonewantstodoinvolvesalsoknowingwhetheritisappropriatetodoso,andwhere,whenandhowitisappropriatetodoit.Inordertoknowthis,thelearnerhastostudythepatternsandrulesoflanguageabovethesentenceleveltolearnhowlanguageisusedindifferentspeechcontexts.

2.Whataretheviewsonlanguagelearning?

1）Behaviouristtheory:

ThebehavioristtheoryoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner,whoappliedWatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioningtothewayhumansacquirelanguage（Harmer,1983）Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthat“youcantrainananimaltodoanythingifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement”（Harmer1983:

30）Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.

2）Cognitivetheory:

Thetermcognitivismisoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhichstudentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.ItseemstobelargelytheresultofNoamChomsky’sreactiontoSkinner’sbehavioristtheory,whichledtotherevivalofstructurallinguistics.AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehaviour,itisanintricaterule-basedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.Thereareafinitenumberofgrammaticalrulesinthesystemandwithknowledgeoftheserulesaninfiniteofsentencescanbeproduced.Alanguagelearneracquireslanguagecompetence,whichenableshimtoproducelanguage.

3）Constructivisttheory

Theconstructivisttheorybelievesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhatheorshealreadyknows.Itisbelievedthateducationisusedtodevelopthemind,notjusttoroterecallwhatislearned.JohnDewey（杜威）believedthatteachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhatlearnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities.Teachersneedtodesignenvironmentsandinteractwithlearnerstofosterinventive,creative,criticallearners.Therefore,teachersmustbalanceanunderstandingofthehabits,characteristicsaswellaspersonalitiesofindividuallearnerswithanunderstandingofthemeansofarousinglearners’interestsandcuriosityforlearning.

4）Socio-constructivisttheory

Vygotsky（前苏联心理学家维果茨基,1978）emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”（ZPD「可能发展区/最近发展区」）andscaffolding「鹰架/支架/脚手架」.Thatistosay,learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.Withtheteacher’sscaffoldingthroughquestionsandexplanations,orwithamorecapablepeers’support,thelearnercanmovetoahigherlevelofunderstandingandextendhis/herskillsandknowledgetothefullestpotential.

3.Whatarethequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher?

ThemainelementsofagoodEnglishteacherareethicdevotion,professionalqualities,andpersonalstyles.（Thentrytoexplainthesethreeelementsrespectivelyaccordingtoyourownunderstanding）

Unit2CommunicativePrinciplesandTask-basedLanguageTeaching

1.Whatiscommunicativecompetence?

Hedge（2000:

46-55）discussesfivemaincomponentsofcommunicativecompetence:

linguisticcompetence,pragmaticcompetence