语法填空探究与精研更新至118文档格式.docx
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→→零冠词的用法:
①名词前有this/that/some/no/my、his、her…时
eg.Ihavenofoodathand.
Thisisherfriend.
②在季节名词、月份名词、星期名词、一日三餐名词、体育运动项目、学科名词等前
eg.playfootball/basketball/tennis/sports
③在作表语、同位语等的表示人物身份或职务的名词前
eg.Weelectedhimmonitor.
④用于某些固定短语中,如:
catchfire;
loseheart;
loseface
2016HB
Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree—month—oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle—fed,_____otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.
→→one…theother…两者中,一个。
2016全国卷II
Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor______while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.
•We’regladtohaveMr.HenryStonewithus,______famouswriterinthiscountry.He’sgoingtosharewithushiswritingexperiences.
增补题①I’mLiHua,_____seniorstudentfromXinHuaMiddleSchool,……
增补题②Mr.Brown,_________universitystudentfromLondon,willcometoBeijingforavisit.
增补题③OurdestinationisOrewa,_____seasidetown.
增补题④March14is,perhapsquietly,celebratedasPiDay,______daytohonorthenumberthatmanypeoplearefamiliarwith.
增补题⑤On24December1971,aplanecrashedintheAmazonforestinPeru.Ofthe92passengersandcrewaboard,onlyoneperson,______17—year—oldGermangirlcalledJulianeKoepke,survived.
增补题(改错题):
I’mLiHua,SeniorThreestudentinourschool.
增(2017三月份模拟考):
Withonlyabout1,800onesleftinthewild,allgiantpandasareprecious.However,QiZai,______seven—year—oldpandathatlivesattheFopingPandaValleyinChina’sShanxiprovince,isevenmoreso.
增(节选自阅读)ForMarisaMcClellan,_______youngfoodwriterandteacherfromPhiladelphia,homecanning(自制罐装食品)isanall—consuming(强烈的)love.
增补题:
Lastweek,myfamilyandIwenttovisitHarbin,________beautifulcity.
解析:
认识→→同位语:
①构成:
a/an+adj.+n.②用法:
…….Sb./Sw./Sth.,a/an+adj.+n.
•WhenEnglishis_____onlylanguageinclass,studentswillhavemoreopportunitiestopracticelisteningandspeaking.
Wecangotothelibraryorsurf____Internetforvariouskindsofinformation.
Shequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin_____lastrow.
Bepatientwith______old,becauseonedayyouwillbecomeoneofthem.
IalsocarrysomeitemsthatIthink_____needymayuse.
TilltodayIstilltreasure_____giftofpurelovethatmysonanddaughtergavemethatday.
TheNationalMuseumofChinalauncheditsonlinestoreonMondayasawaytoexplore_______combinationoftheInternetwithtraditionalmuseums,andtobetterpromoteitscreativeculturalproducts.
定冠词the的习惯用法!
•*Iam_____highschoolgirl,whohadtoswitchschoolsbecausemywholefamilymovedlastmonth.
•And,youdon’twanttogive_____finalwarningeither,ofcourse,ifyouwanttoaskforaraisesuccessfully.
•_____large/hugequantityofcattleareraisedalloverAustralia.
•Andformany____yearhetravelledallovertheAustraliancontinent……
•Somesmallercarsarecharged______lowerratefortheyareenvironmentally—friendly.
•*Everyobstacle/challenge/difficulty/troublepresents(standfor)______opportunitytoimproveone’scondition.
•Therewas________suddenriseinthewaterand……
•What______coincidence!
•Thenhemade______fire,atehismealandlaydowntosleep.
Educationneedstomakechangeswiththetimesastechnologyisplaying______importantpart.
→→playa/an+adj.part/rolein…
→→playthepart/roleof…扮演。
角色
eg.Heplayedanimportantpartinthemovie.
增补:
TeadrinkinginChinaenjoyswidepopularity.Manypeoplenowadaysgotoexpensivelydecoratedteahousestotalkbusiness.However,teadrinkingisverycomplex.Manyfactorscontributeto_______enjoyableexperience.
•Girls,whoalwaysspendmoneyonclothes,shouldkeep______eyeopenfordiscounts……
•Nowtherearerulesthatset_____limitonthecalorie,fat,andsugarinmostschoolfoods.
→→setalimiton…对。
设定限制
withoutalimit毫无限制=withoutlimitation
Hewasnearlythreetimesoverthedrinkdrivelimit.
他超过醉酒驾驶规定标准快三倍了。
•*Once,withhisunderwatertelescopeandflashlight,Markdivedalongtheboundarybetweenthesteepreefandtheareaofseaweedconservation.Suddenly,_______awesomeAntarcticsealwithsharpteethappearedoppositehim.
→→awesomeadj.可怕的;
极好的
•MyhusbandandIhavehadopportunitiestoliveinmanyplacesacrosstheUS,butwealwayschoosetolivehere,becauseIfindthatnowhereelsecanbeat(vt.打败)thescenicbeauty,and______joyofbeingpartofaplacewhereeverybodyknowsyourname.
专题二名词
题型设置:
①名词的单→→复数(拼写规律如下↓)
②用所给动词的相应名词形式(用名词单数形式!
!
)→→详见“派生词”现象
③名词所有格:
n’s/n.s’在句中充当定语,修饰后面的名词。
如:
Mary’sbedroom;
teachers’office
Q1.为什么需要填名词?
→→名词经常在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补、定语,表语、同位语
Q2.应该用名词的什么形式?
→→题型分析后结论:
①用所给名词的复数形式
②用所给动词的相应名词单数/复数形式
③用所给名词的所有格形式
•构成:
n’s或n.s’
•在句子中充当定语,修饰后面的名词→→theteachers’office;
ThisisMary’sbedroom.
Peopleneedhomes:
childrenassumetheirparents’placeashome;
……
英语名词单数变复数的规则
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s
读音变化:
结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:
friend→friends;
cat→cats;
style→styles;
sport→sports;
piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、x、z、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
统一加读[iz]。
bus→buses;
quiz→quizzes;
fox→foxes;
match→matches;
flash→flashes
三、以辅音字母(元音字母:
a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
加读[z]。
candy糖果→candies;
daisy雏菊→daisies;
fairy仙女→fairies;
lady→ladies;
story→stories;
agency→agencies机构;
四、以-o结尾的名词,有生命的,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
tomato西红柿→tomatoes;
potato土豆→potatoes;
hero英雄—heroes;
mosquito蚊子—mosquitoes;
mango芒果--mangoestorpedo→torpedoes;
bingo→bingoes
反例:
zero—zeros;
piano→pianos;
photo→photos;
zoo—zoos;
video—videos;
studio—studios;
mottos,kilo--kilos,solos,memo备忘录—memos
例外:
→→bamboo—bamboos;
kangaroo—kangaroos;
tobaccos,
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
尾音[f]改读[vz]。
knife→knives;
life→lives;
leaf树叶→leaves;
wife—wives;
thief—thieves;
staff全体职员→staves;
scarf围巾,领巾;
桌巾,台巾;
→scarves;
roof屋顶→roofs
六、复合名词变复数的三种情况:
①将最后一部分变为复数,如filmgoers;
fireengines
②将主体词变为复数,如editors-in-chief;
lookers-on
③将两部分皆变为复数,如men/womendoctors
六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
fungus→fungi;
abacus→abaci;
focus→foci;
cactus→cacti;
cestus→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。
尾音[is]改读[i:
z]。
axis→axes;
basis→bases;
naris→nares;
hypothesis→hypotheses;
restis→restes
八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。
尾音[iks]改读[isi:
matrix→matrices;
directrix→directrices;
calix→calices;
appendix→appendices反例:
affix→affixes
九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。
去掉鼻尾音。
forum→fora;
stadium→stadia;
aquarium→aquaria;
datum→data;
vacuum→vacua
十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
尾音[E]改读[i:
]。
larva→larvae;
formula→formulae;
ala→alae;
media→mediae;
hydra→hydrae
十一、部分名词的单、复数同形
保持原音。
fish→fish;
sheep绵羊→sheep;
cattle牲畜;
牛→cattle;
deer鹿→deer;
Chinese—Chinese;
means—means手段;
途径
Japanese—Japanese;
十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
没有规律。
man→men;
woman→women;
child→children;
person→people;
foot→feet;
tooth→teeth;
goose鹅→geese;
mouse老鼠→mice;
ox公牛→oxen;
phenomenon→phenomena现象;
stomach—stomachs;
crisis危机—crises;
basis—bases;
German—Germans;
Australian--Australians
medium→media媒体→→socialmedia社交传媒
十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
analysis→analyses分析;
basis→bases基础;
datum→data数据;
formula→formulae/formulas公式;
louse→lice虱子;
medium→media/mediums媒介;
memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;
parenthesis→parentheses圆括号;
radius→radii半径
十六、常见且常考的不可数名词:
absence→presence;
clothing;
help;
furniture家具;
machinery机械;
news;
scenery风景;
traffic交通;
knowledge;
weather;
equipment;
information;
advice;
progress;
luggage==baggage;
fun乐趣;
有趣的事→havegreat/muchfun+doing;
work:
housework家务活+homework课下作业
十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
bellows风箱;
clothes;
police;
shorts短裤;
scissors剪刀;
spectacles眼镜;
shears大剪刀
trousers长裤;
wages工资
十八、合成词:
这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;
father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父;
son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿;
chief-editors主编
十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
pair(对,双);
suit(套):
apairofglasses;
twopairsoftrousers
二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,
goodn.好处→→goods货物;
water水→→waters水域;
fishes(各种)鱼;
arm手臂→→arms武器;
green绿色→→greens蔬菜;
paper纸→→papers报纸、论文;
sand沙→→sands沙滩;
time时间→→times时代;
wood木材→→woods森林;
workn.工作→→works工厂,著作;
experience经验→→experiences经历;
room空间→→rooms房间;
exercise锻炼→→exercises练习;
custom风俗→→customs海关;
manner方式→→manners礼貌:
It’sgoodmannerstodosth.
二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
adollar,twodollars;
ameter,twometers
二十二、只有复数形式的名词:
clothes衣服;
socks袜子;
shorts短裤;
thanks;
congratulations;
belongings个人随身物品;
scissors剪刀;
glasses眼镜;
wages工资;
riches财富;
surroundings环境;
ashes灰烬;
compasses圆规
Exes.根据汉语提示,完成下列句子
1.)Two_________(月)ago,three__________(英雄)caughtfour_______(小偷).Theymade