语法填空探究与精研更新至118文档格式.docx

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语法填空探究与精研更新至118文档格式.docx

;

→→零冠词的用法:

①名词前有this/that/some/no/my、his、her…时

eg.Ihavenofoodathand.

Thisisherfriend.

②在季节名词、月份名词、星期名词、一日三餐名词、体育运动项目、学科名词等前

eg.playfootball/basketball/tennis/sports

③在作表语、同位语等的表示人物身份或职务的名词前

eg.Weelectedhimmonitor.

④用于某些固定短语中,如:

catchfire;

loseheart;

loseface

2016HB

Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree—month—oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle—fed,_____otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.

→→one…theother…两者中,一个。

2016全国卷II

Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor______while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.

•We’regladtohaveMr.HenryStonewithus,______famouswriterinthiscountry.He’sgoingtosharewithushiswritingexperiences.

增补题①I’mLiHua,_____seniorstudentfromXinHuaMiddleSchool,……

增补题②Mr.Brown,_________universitystudentfromLondon,willcometoBeijingforavisit.

增补题③OurdestinationisOrewa,_____seasidetown.

增补题④March14is,perhapsquietly,celebratedasPiDay,______daytohonorthenumberthatmanypeoplearefamiliarwith.

增补题⑤On24December1971,aplanecrashedintheAmazonforestinPeru.Ofthe92passengersandcrewaboard,onlyoneperson,______17—year—oldGermangirlcalledJulianeKoepke,survived.

增补题(改错题):

I’mLiHua,SeniorThreestudentinourschool.

增(2017三月份模拟考):

Withonlyabout1,800onesleftinthewild,allgiantpandasareprecious.However,QiZai,______seven—year—oldpandathatlivesattheFopingPandaValleyinChina’sShanxiprovince,isevenmoreso.

增(节选自阅读)ForMarisaMcClellan,_______youngfoodwriterandteacherfromPhiladelphia,homecanning(自制罐装食品)isanall—consuming(强烈的)love.

增补题:

Lastweek,myfamilyandIwenttovisitHarbin,________beautifulcity.

解析:

认识→→同位语:

①构成:

a/an+adj.+n.②用法:

…….Sb./Sw./Sth.,a/an+adj.+n.

•WhenEnglishis_____onlylanguageinclass,studentswillhavemoreopportunitiestopracticelisteningandspeaking.

Wecangotothelibraryorsurf____Internetforvariouskindsofinformation.

Shequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin_____lastrow.

Bepatientwith______old,becauseonedayyouwillbecomeoneofthem.

IalsocarrysomeitemsthatIthink_____needymayuse.

TilltodayIstilltreasure_____giftofpurelovethatmysonanddaughtergavemethatday.

TheNationalMuseumofChinalauncheditsonlinestoreonMondayasawaytoexplore_______combinationoftheInternetwithtraditionalmuseums,andtobetterpromoteitscreativeculturalproducts.

定冠词the的习惯用法!

•*Iam_____highschoolgirl,whohadtoswitchschoolsbecausemywholefamilymovedlastmonth.

•And,youdon’twanttogive_____finalwarningeither,ofcourse,ifyouwanttoaskforaraisesuccessfully.

•_____large/hugequantityofcattleareraisedalloverAustralia.

•Andformany____yearhetravelledallovertheAustraliancontinent……

•Somesmallercarsarecharged______lowerratefortheyareenvironmentally—friendly.

•*Everyobstacle/challenge/difficulty/troublepresents(standfor)______opportunitytoimproveone’scondition.

•Therewas________suddenriseinthewaterand……

•What______coincidence!

•Thenhemade______fire,atehismealandlaydowntosleep.

Educationneedstomakechangeswiththetimesastechnologyisplaying______importantpart.

→→playa/an+adj.part/rolein…

→→playthepart/roleof…扮演。

角色

eg.Heplayedanimportantpartinthemovie.

增补:

TeadrinkinginChinaenjoyswidepopularity.Manypeoplenowadaysgotoexpensivelydecoratedteahousestotalkbusiness.However,teadrinkingisverycomplex.Manyfactorscontributeto_______enjoyableexperience.

•Girls,whoalwaysspendmoneyonclothes,shouldkeep______eyeopenfordiscounts……

•Nowtherearerulesthatset_____limitonthecalorie,fat,andsugarinmostschoolfoods.

→→setalimiton…对。

设定限制

withoutalimit毫无限制=withoutlimitation

Hewasnearlythreetimesoverthedrinkdrivelimit. 

他超过醉酒驾驶规定标准快三倍了。

•*Once,withhisunderwatertelescopeandflashlight,Markdivedalongtheboundarybetweenthesteepreefandtheareaofseaweedconservation.Suddenly,_______awesomeAntarcticsealwithsharpteethappearedoppositehim.

→→awesomeadj.可怕的;

极好的

•MyhusbandandIhavehadopportunitiestoliveinmanyplacesacrosstheUS,butwealwayschoosetolivehere,becauseIfindthatnowhereelsecanbeat(vt.打败)thescenicbeauty,and______joyofbeingpartofaplacewhereeverybodyknowsyourname.

专题二名词

题型设置:

①名词的单→→复数(拼写规律如下↓)

②用所给动词的相应名词形式(用名词单数形式!

)→→详见“派生词”现象

③名词所有格:

n’s/n.s’在句中充当定语,修饰后面的名词。

如:

Mary’sbedroom;

teachers’office

Q1.为什么需要填名词?

→→名词经常在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补、定语,表语、同位语

Q2.应该用名词的什么形式?

→→题型分析后结论:

①用所给名词的复数形式

②用所给动词的相应名词单数/复数形式

③用所给名词的所有格形式

•构成:

n’s或n.s’

•在句子中充当定语,修饰后面的名词→→theteachers’office;

ThisisMary’sbedroom.

Peopleneedhomes:

childrenassumetheirparents’placeashome;

……

英语名词单数变复数的规则

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s

读音变化:

结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例:

friend→friends;

cat→cats;

style→styles;

sport→sports;

piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、x、z、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

统一加读[iz]。

bus→buses;

quiz→quizzes;

fox→foxes;

match→matches;

flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母(元音字母:

a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。

加读[z]。

candy糖果→candies;

daisy雏菊→daisies;

fairy仙女→fairies;

lady→ladies;

story→stories;

agency→agencies机构;

四、以-o结尾的名词,有生命的,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。

tomato西红柿→tomatoes;

potato土豆→potatoes;

hero英雄—heroes;

mosquito蚊子—mosquitoes;

mango芒果--mangoestorpedo→torpedoes;

bingo→bingoes

反例:

zero—zeros;

piano→pianos;

photo→photos;

zoo—zoos;

video—videos;

studio—studios;

mottos,kilo--kilos,solos,memo备忘录—memos

例外:

→→bamboo—bamboos;

kangaroo—kangaroos;

tobaccos,

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。

尾音[f]改读[vz]。

knife→knives;

life→lives;

leaf树叶→leaves;

wife—wives;

thief—thieves;

staff全体职员→staves;

scarf围巾,领巾;

桌巾,台巾;

→scarves;

roof屋顶→roofs

六、复合名词变复数的三种情况:

①将最后一部分变为复数,如filmgoers;

fireengines

②将主体词变为复数,如editors-in-chief;

lookers-on

③将两部分皆变为复数,如men/womendoctors

六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

fungus→fungi;

abacus→abaci;

focus→foci;

cactus→cacti;

cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。

尾音[is]改读[i:

z]。

axis→axes;

basis→bases;

naris→nares;

hypothesis→hypotheses;

restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。

尾音[iks]改读[isi:

matrix→matrices;

directrix→directrices;

calix→calices;

appendix→appendices反例:

affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。

去掉鼻尾音。

forum→fora;

stadium→stadia;

aquarium→aquaria;

datum→data;

vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

尾音[E]改读[i:

]。

larva→larvae;

formula→formulae;

ala→alae;

media→mediae;

hydra→hydrae

十一、部分名词的单、复数同形

保持原音。

fish→fish;

sheep绵羊→sheep;

cattle牲畜;

牛→cattle;

deer鹿→deer;

Chinese—Chinese;

means—means手段;

途径

Japanese—Japanese;

十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。

没有规律。

man→men;

woman→women;

child→children;

person→people;

foot→feet;

tooth→teeth;

goose鹅→geese;

mouse老鼠→mice;

ox公牛→oxen;

phenomenon→phenomena现象;

stomach—stomachs;

crisis危机—crises;

basis—bases;

German—Germans;

Australian--Australians

medium→media媒体→→socialmedia社交传媒

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

analysis→analyses分析;

basis→bases基础;

datum→data数据;

formula→formulae/formulas公式;

louse→lice虱子;

medium→media/mediums媒介;

memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses圆括号;

radius→radii半径

十六、常见且常考的不可数名词:

absence→presence;

clothing;

help;

furniture家具;

machinery机械;

news;

scenery风景;

traffic交通;

knowledge;

weather;

equipment;

information;

advice;

progress;

luggage==baggage;

fun乐趣;

有趣的事→havegreat/muchfun+doing;

work:

housework家务活+homework课下作业

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

bellows风箱;

clothes;

police;

shorts短裤;

scissors剪刀;

spectacles眼镜;

shears大剪刀

trousers长裤;

wages工资

十八、合成词:

这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;

father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父;

son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿;

chief-editors主编

十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词

pair(对,双);

suit(套):

apairofglasses;

twopairsoftrousers

二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,

goodn.好处→→goods货物;

water水→→waters水域;

fishes(各种)鱼;

arm手臂→→arms武器;

green绿色→→greens蔬菜;

paper纸→→papers报纸、论文;

sand沙→→sands沙滩;

time时间→→times时代;

wood木材→→woods森林;

workn.工作→→works工厂,著作;

experience经验→→experiences经历;

room空间→→rooms房间;

exercise锻炼→→exercises练习;

custom风俗→→customs海关;

manner方式→→manners礼貌:

It’sgoodmannerstodosth.

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

adollar,twodollars;

ameter,twometers

二十二、只有复数形式的名词:

clothes衣服;

socks袜子;

shorts短裤;

thanks;

congratulations;

belongings个人随身物品;

scissors剪刀;

glasses眼镜;

wages工资;

riches财富;

surroundings环境;

ashes灰烬;

compasses圆规

Exes.根据汉语提示,完成下列句子

1.)Two_________(月)ago,three__________(英雄)caughtfour_______(小偷).Theymade

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