商务交际论文写作Word下载.docx

商务交际论文写作Word下载.docx

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2011年12月25日

Author:

YangFeng

Tutor:

WangFang

Abstract

Afterthereformandopeningup,Chinahasmadegreatprogresspolitically,economically,andculturally.Astherearemoreandmorechancesmakingbusinesswithforeigncountries,theCross-CulturalCommunicationbecomesmoreandmoreimportantthatcannotbeignored.Sowhenglobalizationbecomesafact,theimportanceofCross-CulturalCommunicationisfurtherhighlighted.However,wehaveobservedthatlotsofmiscommunicationoccursininternationalcommunicationwhich,tosomedegree,hadblockedabarrierintoday'

sbusinessandsomeotherinternationalaffairs.Ifappropriatecommunicativemeasuresarenottaken,Cross-culturalcommunicationmaybecomeanightmare.Otherwise,ifpeoplecanknowtheculturaldifferencesbetweendifferentcountryahead,itwillhelpalotintheCross-CulturalCommunication.Concerningaboutthisissue,IwillmainlytalkaboutseveralpointswhichweshouldpayattentiontoinCross-CulturalCommunicationinperspectiveofmemyself.

Firstly,IwillgivethemaindefinitionofCross-CulturalCommunication.

Secondly,IwillenumeratethreeexamplesofmiscommunicationwehadmetormightsufferandIwillillustratethereasonandgivesolutionstosolvethem.

Finally,IwillgivefoursuggestiveadvicesonCross-CulturalCommunicationandhopetheyarebeneficialforthecross-culturalcommunicators.

Atthesupplement,IwillwritesomerelevantbooksaboutCross-CulturalCommunicationforyoutocheckout.

Keywords:

Definition,Examplesofmiscommunication,Advises.

摘要

改革开放以来，中国在政治，经济和文化方面都取得了突飞猛进的发展。

由此一来，中国与国际上其它国家进行贸易的机会就越来越多了起来，跨文化交际就具有着不容忽视的重要性。

全球一体化的进程已成事实，跨文化交际的重要作用就必须得到高度重视。

然而，在当今的跨文化交际中出现了许许多多的双方理解错误造成误解，这在某种程度上大大的阻碍了国际间商业的进行和一些国际事务的处理。

因此，如果不采取积极地交流措施，跨文化交流可能产生可怕的后果。

反之，如果可以提前了解不同国家的差异性文化，这将大大有助于跨文化间的交流。

针对于这个问题，本文将就跨文化交际方面提出几个建设性建议。

首先，本文将给出跨文化交际的主要定义。

其次，本文将给出3个我们在跨文化交际中已经遇到过或者即将遇到的问题，并就该问题阐释原因，给出相应的解决方法。

最后，本文将就跨文化交际提出4点建意。

希望有助于跨文化交际者工作的顺利进行。

在附录中，本文还将给出几本与跨文化交际相关的书籍，供读者查询。

关键词：

定义，例子分析，建议

1Introduction

CarlRogers（1961）,agreatpsychologist,statesthatrealcommunicationtakesplaceswhenwelistenwithunderstanding.Byanalogy,wemayequallysaythatcommunicationcollapseswhenwelistenwithmisunderstanding.Morespecially,wemayevenstatethatculturalstereotypesandconflictscomeinwhenwecommunicatewithnorealunderstanding.So,ifwewantaperfectcross-culturalcommunication,weshouldknowwhatcross-culturalcommunicationisandwhatimportantthingsweshouldpayattentiononare?

OnlyinthiswaycanwehaveourworksinCross-CulturalCommunicationdonesuccessfully.

2Thedefinition

2.1TheDefinitionofCulture

Therearemanydefinitionsofculture,wewillshareonlythreemostcommonlyofthem.

2.1.1TheSimpleDefinition

Cultureisubiquitous,multidimensionalandall-persuasive,aswehaveitalmostanywhereandanytime.

2.1.2Generalunderstandingofculture:

Initsbroadsense,culturecanbedefinedasattributesofman,includingwhatdistinguishesmanfromtherestpartoftheworld.—attributeofhumanbeing

Initsnarrowsense,whencultureiscontrastedwithnature,itcanbedefinedas“lifewayofapopulation”,meaningwhatcharacterizestheparticularwayoflifeofapopulation.–lifestyleofonegrouporcommunity

2.1.3TheMostWidelyAcceptedDefinition

Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.

2.2TheDefinitionofCross-culturalCommunication

Interculturalcommunication（ICC）isthetermfirstusedbyEdwardT.Hallin1959andissimplydefinedasinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentcultures.

ICCcanbeunderstoodasaphenomenon,andwecallinterculturalcommunicationas跨文化交际.Itcanalsobeunderstandasadiscipline,thatis“跨文化交际学”.

3Examplesofmiscommunication

3.1DifferentthinkingpatternsofthoughtbetweenChineseandWesterners

Westerners'

thinkingpatternisliner.Chinese'

thinkingpatterniscircle.

Example:

Whenwewanttoborrowsomethingfromothers

Westerner:

mayIuseyourpen,please?

（themeaningisdirect）

Chinese:

doyouhaveapen?

（themeaningisimplied）

3.2DifferentmannersofcommunicationbetweenChineseandWesterners

WesternerseatjustfortheyarehungryorforentertainmentwhileasChineseprefermakebusinesscommunicationattable.

Exampleofwesterners

1）Goodmorning!

Howareyou?

（makinggreeting）

2）Helpyourself!

（whenyouareaguest）

3）Whatafineweather!

（startingatalk）

ExampleofChinese

1）Haveyoueaten?

Whereareyougoing?

2）Eatmore,eatmore.（whenyouareaguest）

3）Whathaveyoudonetoday?

（startingatalk）

Theycommunicateintheirwayaccordingtotheircultureandtheythinkthatisokandifnotthatmustbesomethingoffensiveorimpolite.

Wecommunicateinourownway,wethinkthisisawaytoshowwearecloseandwecareaboutothers.

So,whatacross-culturalcommunicatorshoulddoisfellowingtheculture.

3.3DifferentlikesanddislikesbetweenChineseandWesterners

SomanydifferencesaboutthelikesanddislikesbetweenChineseandWesterners.OnetypicalexampleisweChinesealwayssaywearetheoffspringofdragon.However,westernersthinkthatdragonisevilandbrutish.

1）Everydoghasitsday

2）Loveme,lovemydog.

3）Aluckydog.

Allthesentencesshowwesternerslikedogsverymuch.

狗眼看人低，狼心狗肺，好狗不挡道。

Allthisphrasesshowwethinkdogsarelowthings.

Youcannotsaytheusualwayyoucommunicatewithaforeignerwhichheorsheisunfamiliarwith,orwhatyouthinkitisgoodinyourownculturebutdoesnotexistintheother'

s.Thisismiscommunication.Itwillblockabarrierbetweenyourcommunication.So,whatacross-culturalcommunicatorshoulddoisfellowingtheculture.Weneedknowthemwellifwewanttocommunicatewell.

4Suggestiveadvices

4.1WheninRomedoastheRomansdo

Fromtheaspectoflinguistic,semanticselectionsveryacrossseparatelanguagesystems.Onethingyoucanconvenientlysayinalanguagemaynotbesoinanotherlanguage.ThisdifferencemakesCross-culturalCommunicationnotaneasyjobtodo.Ampleexamplecanshowitdirectly.

ModernEnglishreliesonaacombinationbetweenpronounsandaddressformstoconveysubtleinterpersonalrelationship.

Example1

ThewayofWesterstomakeintroduction.

1）I'

mMr.Johns.（Title+LastNameforpolitenessandformalness）

2）I'

mJohns.（LastNameonlyforpolitenessandformalness）

3）I'

mJohn.（FirstNameonlyforpolitenessandformalness）

ThewayofChinesetomakeintroduction.

mteacherLi.（Teachertoshowprofession）

mVicePresident,Mr.Wang.（VicePresidenttoshowIdentification）

So,whenwemakeintroductionweshouldknowthedifference.WhenweareinChina,weshouldsaythemaneandtheperson'

sidentification.Butwhenwemakeintroductiontowesternersweshouldjustsayoutnamewithoutidentification.

Example2

wayofphatic

1）it'

saniceday,isn'

tit?

2）Today'

sawonderfulday!

Chinese'

1）whereareyougoing?

2）Haveyoueaten?

Weshouldknowthecultureoftheforeigncountry.WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.Ifso,wecancommunicatewellwitheveryonefromeachcountry.

4.2Putyourselfinother'

sshoes

Successfulcommunicationinacross-culturalsettingdependsmuchonasensibleinterpretationandpredictionofwhattheotherpartywillthink,feel,andbehavewhensomecrucialthingsoccur.

Forexample,atacompanymeeting,ManagerWanghadgaveasolutiontotheproblemthecompanywasfacingandhopedtheotherscangivesomeadvicesonhisproposal.Hisgoodfriend,LiYang,whoisaChinese,didn'

tthinkthissolutionispropertotheproblem.Buthedidn'

twanttosayitinfrontoftheothersandthoughtthatwouldembarrassMr.Wang.Afterthemeeting,hehimselfwenttoMr.Wang'

sofficeandtoldhimwhathethoughtabouttheproposal.However,Mr.WanggotveryangrybecausehethinkLiYangdoesnotrespecthim.

WhydidMr.WanggotangryatLiYang'

sgoodheartedbehavior?

So,asacross-culturalcommunicator,weshouldknowthatwesterswouldlikeyougiveadvicesdirectlyanditisnothingbad.ButweChineselikethewayofeuphemismtoexpresssomethingwethinkmayhurtothers'

feeling.

Inaword,across-culturalcommunicatorneedstoputhimselfinothers'

shoes,thinkwhattherightthingyoushoulddowillmeetthepartner'

sculture.

4.3Oneculture'

smeatisanotherculture'

spoison

Proverbsepitomizetheessenceofcultureandthevaluesystemofsociety.AsforthisIbelievepeopleknowmanyofthiskindofdifference.IwillgiveseveralmeaningsthatChineseandWesternersusethedifferentwaytoexpress.

ExamplesofWesterners

1）Loveme,lovemyday.Everydayhasitsday.（theypreferday）

2）Blacktea.（theythinkredalwaysconcernsaboutbleeding,death,andsomebadthings.）

3）Dragonlady.（theythinkdragonisanevilanimalthatisverydisgusting）

ExamplesofChinese

1）Loveme,lovemybird.（爱屋及乌）

2）Redtea.（红茶）

3）Wearetheoffspringofdragon.（wethinkdragonintherepresentativeofdignity,power,luck.

So,thehavingagoodandwideknowledgeoftheoriginsofcultureisbetter,especiallytheproverbsandconventionality.

4..4Honestyandsincerityarekeypointstomutualunderstanding

W