新编跨文化交际英语教程参考答案Word文档格式.docx

新编跨文化交际英语教程参考答案Word文档格式.docx

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1.Isitstilloftenthecasethat?

squ“icketvoebrylaomnethealien”inthecontemporaryworld?

Thisisstillpowerfulintodayalan‘dpsoslioticialrhetoric.Forinstance,itisnotuncommonin

today‘ssocietytohearpeoplesaythatmost,ifnotall,ofthesocialandeconomicproblemsacareusedbyminoritiesandimmigrants.

2.What?

sthedifferencebetweentoday?

sinterculturalcontactandthatofanytimeinthepast?

Today‘sinterculturalencountersarefarmorenumerousandofgreaterimportancethaninatnimyeinhistory.

3.Whathavemadeinterculturalcontactaverycommonphenomenoninourlifetoday?

Newtechnology,intheformoftransportationandcommunicationsystems,hasacceleratedinterculturalcontact;

innovativecommunicationsystemshaveencouragedandfacilitatedculturalinteraction;

globalizationoftheeconomyhasbroughtpeopletogether;

changesinimmigrationpatternshavealsocontributedtointerculturalencounter.

4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“cultureiseverythingandeverywhere”?

Culturesuppliesuswiththeanswerstoquestionsaboutwhattheworldlookslikeandhowweliveandcommunicatewithinthatworld.Cultureteachesushowtobehaveinourlifefromtheinstantofbirth.Itisomnipresent.

5.Whatarethemajorelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceourperceptionandcommunication?

Thethreemajorsocio-culturalelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceperceptionandcommunicationareculturalvalues,worldview（religion）,andsocialorganizations（familyandstate）.

6.Whatdoesone?

sfamilyteachhimorherwhileheorshegrowsupinit?

Thefamilyteachesthechildwhattheworldlookslikeandhisorherplaceinthatworld.

7.Whyisitimpossibletoseparateouruseoflanguagefromourculture?

Becauselanguageisnotonlyaformofpreservingculturebutalsoameansofsharingculture.Languageisanorganized,generallyagreed-upon,learnedsymbolsystemthatisusedtorepresenttheexperienceswithinaculturalcommunity.

8.Whatarethenonverbalbehaviorsthatpeoplecanattachmeaningto?

Peoplecanattachmeaningtononverbalbehaviorssuchasgestures,postures,facialexpressionesy,econtactandgaze,touch,etc.

9.Howcanafree,culturallydiversesocietyexist?

Afree,culturallydiversesocietycanexistonlyifdiversityispermittedtoflourishwithoutprejudiceanddiscrimination,bothofwhichharmallmembersofthesociety.

ReadingII

TheChallengeofGlobalization

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatourunderstandingoftheworldhaschanged?

Manythings,suchaspoliticalchangesandtechnologicaladvances,havechangedtheworldveryrapidly.Inthepastmosthumanbeingswereborn,lived,anddiedwithinalimitedgeographicalarea,neverencounteringpeopleofotherculturalbackgrounds.Suchanexistence,however,nolongerprevailsintheworld.Thus,allpeoplearefacedwiththechallengeofunderstandingthischangedandstillfastchangingworldinwhichwelive.

2.Whata“globalvillage”islike?

Asourworldshrinksanditsinhabitantsbecomeinterdependent,peoplefromremoteculturesincreasinglycomeintocontactonadailybasis.Ina—giobaeivibegsofonceisolated

groupsofpeoplehavetocommunicatewithmembersofotherculturalgroups.Thosepeoplemaylivethousandsofmilesawayorrightnextdoortoeachother.

3.Whatisconsideredasthemajordrivingforceofthepost-1945globalization?

Technology,particularlytelecommunicationsandcomputersareconsideredtobethemajordrivingforce.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthat“?

tmheay,gbleobmalorelocalthanthe,local?

”?

Theincreasingglobalmobilityofpeopleandtheimpactofnewelectronicmediaonhumancommunicationsmaketheworldseemsmaller.Wemaycommunicatemorewithpeopleofothercountriesthanwithourneighbors,andwemaybemoreinformedoftheinternationaleventsthanofthelocalevents.Inthissense,“th‘eglobal'

maybemorelocalthanthe‘local'

”

5.Whyisitimportantforbusinesspeopletoknowdiverseculturesintheworld?

Effectivecommunicationmaybethemostimportantcompetitiveadvantagethatfirmshavetomeetdiversecustomerneedsonaglobalbasis.Succeedingintheglobalmarkettodayrequirestheabilitytocommunicatesensitivelywithpeoplefromothercultures,asensitivitythatisbasedonanunderstandingofcross-culturaldifferences.

6.Whataretheseriousproblemsthatcountriesthroughouttheworldareconfrontedwith?

Countriesthroughouttheworldareconfrontedwithseriousproblemssuchasvolatileinternationaleconomy,shrinkingresources,mountingenvironmentalcontamination,andepidemicsthatknownoboundaries.

7.WhatimplicationscanwedrawfromthecaseofMichaelFay?

Thiscaseshowsthatinaworldofinternationalinterdependence,theabilitytounderstandandcommunicateeffectivelywithpeoplefromotherculturestakesonextremeurgency.Ifweareunawareofthesignificantrolecultureplaysincommunication,wemayplacetheblameforcommunicationfailureonpeopleofothercultures.

8.Whatattitudesarefavoredbytheauthortowardsglobalization?

Globalization,forbetterorforworse,haschangedtheworldgreatly.Whetherwelikeitornot,globalizationisallbutunstoppable.Itisalreadyheretostay.Itisbothafactandanopportunity.Thechallengesarenotinsurmountable.Solutionsexist,andarewaitingtobeidentifiedandimplemented.Fromaglobalisticpointofview,thereishopeandfaithinhumanity.

CaseStudy

Case1

Inthiscase,thereseemedtobeproblemsincommunicatingwithpeopleofdifferentculturesinspiteoftheeffortsmadetoachieveunderstanding.

WeshouldknowthatinEgyptasinmanycultures,thehumanrelationshipisvaluedsohighlythatitisnotexpressedinanobjectiveandimpersonalway.WhileAmericanscertainlyvaluehumanrelationships,theyaremorelikelytospeakoftheminlesspersonal,moreobjectiveterms.Inthiscase,Richard‘smistakemightbethathechosetopraisethefooditselfratherthanthetotalevening,forwhichthefoodwassimplythesettingorexcuse.Forhishostandhostessitwasasifhehadattendedanartexhibitandcomplimentedtheartistbysaying,Whatbeautifulframesyourpicturesarein.

InJapanthesituationmaybemorecomplicated.Japanesepeoplevalueorderandharmonyamongpersonsinagroup,andthattheorganizationitsel－fbeitafamilyoravastcorporation－ismorevaluedthanthecharacteristicsofanyparticularmember.Incontrast,Americansstressindividualityasavalueandareapttoassertindividualdifferenceswhentheyseemjustifiablyinconflictwiththegoalsorvaluesofthegroup.Inthiscase:

Richard‘smistakewasinmakinggreat

effortstodefendhimself.Lettheothersassumethattheerrorswerenotintentional,butitisnotrighttodefendyourself,evenwhenyourunstatedintentistoassistthegroupbywarningothersofsimilarmistakes.Asimpleapologyandacceptanceoftheblamewouldhavebeenappropriate.ButforpoorRichardtohavemerelyapologizedwouldhaveseemedtohimtobesubservient,unmanly.

WhenitcomestoEngland,weexpectfewerproblemsbetweenAmericansandEnglishmen

thanbetweenAmericansandalmostanyothergroup.Inthiscasewemightlookbeyondthegestureoftakingsugarorcreamtothevaluesexpressedinthisgesture:

forAmericans—Helpyourself;

fortheEnglishcounterpart,——Bemyguest.AmericanandEnglishpeopleequallyenjoyentertainingand

beingentertainedbuttheydiffersomewhatinthevalueofthedistinction.Typically,theidealguestatanAmericanpartyisonewhokes—imaelfathome,eventothepointofansweringthedoor

orfixinghisowndrink.Forpersonsinmanyothersocieties,includingatleastthishypotheticalEnglishhost,suchguestbehaviorispresumptuousorrude.

Case2

Acommonculturalmisunderstandinginclassesinvolvesconflictsbetweenwhatissaidtobedirectcommunicationstyleandindirectcommunicationstyle.InAmericanculture,peopletendtosaywhatisontheirmindsandtomeanwhattheysay.Therefore,studentsinclassareexpectedtoaskquestionswhentheyneedclarification.MexicanculturesharesthispreferenceofstylewithAmericancultureinsomesituations,andthat‘swhythestudentsfromMexicoreadilyadoptedthe

techniquesofaskingquestionsinclass.However,Koreanpeoplegenerallypreferindirectcommunicationstyle,andthereforetheytendtonotsaywhatisontheirmindsandtorelymoreonimplicationsandinference,soastobepoliteandrespectfulandavoidlosingfacethroughanyimproperverbalbehavior.Asismentionedinthecase,tomanyKoreans,numerousquestionswouldshowadisrespectfortheteacher,andwouldalsoreflectthatthestudenthasnotstudiedhardenough.

Case3

Theconflicthereisadifferenceinculturalvaluesandbeliefs.Inthebeginning,Marydidn‘trealizethatherDominicansistersawherasamemberofthefamily,literally.IntheDominicanview,familypossessionsaresharedbyeveryoneofthefamily.LuzwasactingasmostDominicansisterswoulddoinborrowingwithoutaskingeverytime.OnceMaryunderstoodthattherewasadifferentwayoflookingatthis,shewouldbecomemoreaccepting.However,shemightstillexperiencethesamefrustrationwhenthishappenedagain.Shehadtofindwaystocopewithherownemotionalculturalreactionaswellasherpracticalproblem（thebatteriesrunningout）.

Case4

Itmightbesimplyaquestionofdifferentrhythms.Americanshaveonerhythmintheirpersonalandfamilyrelations,intheirfriendlinessandtheircharities.Peoplefromothercultureshav